దాద్రా, నగర్ హవేలీ, డామన్, డయ్యూ: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 23:
1961 ఆగస్టు 11 న దీనిని కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతంగా ప్రకటించారు.
1954 నుండి 1989 వరకు 'వరిష్ట పంచాయత్' అనే పాలనా సలహా మండలి పనిచేసింది. తరువాత దాద్రా జిల్లా పంచాయతి, నగరు హవేలీ జిల్లా పంచాయతి, మరో 11 గ్రామ పంచాయతీలు ఏర్పడ్డాయి.
==History==
[[File:King Tofizon of Dadra, 1780 (coloured engraving).jpg|thumb|right|150px|King Tofizon of Dadra, 1780 (coloured engraving)]]
===Pre-Portuguese era===
The profound history of Dadra and Nagar Haveli begins with the defeat of the Kohli chieftains of the region by the invading Rajput kings. It was the Marathas that retrieved the region from the rule of the Rajputs in the mid 18th century. In 1779, the Maratha Peshwa formed an alliance with the Portuguese allowing them to collect revenue from the 79 villages of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The rule of the Portuguese in the region continued till the region gained independence on 2 August 1954. The region was merged with the Union of India in the year 1961.<ref>{{cite web|title=History & Geography of Dadra & Nagar Haveli |url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/dadra-nagar-haveli/history-geography/|accessdate=25 February 2012}}</ref>
===Portuguese era===
{{Main|Portuguese India}}
The Portuguese occupied Nagar Haveli on 10 June 1783 on the basis of Friendship Treaty executed on 17 December 1779 as compensation towards damage to the Portuguese frigate by Maratha Navy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=NAIR|first=RAJESHWARY|title=STUDY OF ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS OF DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE TO THE TRIBES|journal=Life sciences Leaflets|date=1 October 2011|pages=7 |issn=0976-1098 |url=http://api.ning.com/files/L*EC3kOB8rEqeDrTd-zaT3pnMEknAzeJwJoj61eEXX7WuoM2BcxLQoDxNf-lOY8ZEqP7DyPt7CGtyD1vdEB9gqFCmjHwO6MT/872.STUDYOFETHNOBOTANICALPLANTSOFDADRAANDNAGARHAVELIANDTHEIRSIGNIFICANCETOTHETRIBESByRAJESHWARYNAIR.pdf |accessdate=25 February 2012}}</ref> Then, in 1785 the Portuguese purchased Dadra.
Under the Portuguese rule, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were part of the ''Distrito de Damão'' ([[Daman district, India|Daman district]]) of the ''[[Estado da Índia]]'' (Portuguese State of India). The two territories formed a single ''[[concelho]]'' (municipality), named "Nagar Haveli", with its head in Darará until 1885 and, after that, with its head in the town of [[Silvassa]]. The local affairs were administrated by an elected ''câmara municipal'' (municipal council), with the higher level affairs administrated by the district governor of Daman, who was represented in Nagar Haveli by an administrator.
The Nagar Haveli ''concelho'' was itself divided in the following ''[[freguesia]]''s ([[civil parish]]es): Silvassa, Noroli, Dadra, Quelalunim, Randá, Darará, Cadoli, Canoel, Carchonde and Sindonim.
The Portuguese rule lasted until 1954, when Dadra and Nagar Haveli were occupied by supporters of the Indian Union.
===End of Portuguese rule===
{{Main|Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli}}
After India attained Independence in 1947, the residents of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, with the help of volunteers of organisations like the United Front of Goans (UFG), the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]], the National Movement Liberation Organisation (NMLO), and the Azad Gomantak Dal, subtracted the territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli from [[Portuguese India]] in 1954.<ref name =lele>P S Lele, ''Dadra and Nagar Haveli: past and present'', published by Usha P. Lele, 1987,</ref>
===Integration into India===
[[File:Dadra-Nagarhaveli 1956.jpg|right|thumb|Old map of the territory.]]
Although it enjoyed ''de facto'' independence, Dadra and Nagar Haveli were still recognised internationally (e.g. by the [[International Court of Justice]]) as Portuguese possessions.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Case cing Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Merits), Judgement of 12 April 1960 |journal=International Court of Justice Reports 1960 |page=6 |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/32/4521.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-01 }}</ref> The residents of the former colony requested the government of India for administrative help. K.G. Badlani, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) was sent as the administrator.
From 1954 to 1961, the territory was administered by a body called the Varishta Panchayat of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli.<ref name="const10">[[Constitution of India]], 10th Amendment</ref><ref>[http://www.austlii.edu.au/~andrew/CommonLII/INSC/1986/43.html Umaji Keshao Meshram & Ors v. Radhikabhai w/o Anandrao Banapurkar AIR 1986 SC 1272]: this judgment mentions the Administration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in this period</ref>
In 1961 when Indian forces [[Invasion of Goa|took over Goa, Daman, and Diu]], Badlani was, for one day, designated the Prime Minister of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, so that, as Head of State, he could sign an agreement with the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and formally merge Dadra and Nagar Haveli with the Republic of India.
On 31 December 1974 a treaty was signed between India and Portugal on recognition of India's sovereignty over Goa, Daman, Diu, Dadra and Nagar Haveli.<ref>[http://www.commonlii.org/in/other/treaties/INTSer/1974/53.html TREATY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF PORTUGAL ON RECOGNITION OF INDIA'S SOVEREIGNTY OVER GOA, DAMAN, DIU, DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI AND RELATED MATTERS 1974]</ref>
==భౌగోళికం==
దాద్రా నాగర్ హవేలీ వైశాల్యం 491 చ.కి.మీ. జిల్లా ఉత్తర సరిహద్దులో [[గుజరాత్]] రాష్ట్రం, దక్షిణ సరిహద్దులో [[మహారాష్ట్రా]] ఉన్నాయి.
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