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{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Gumla}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gumla district
| native_name = गुमला जिला
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = district
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Jharkhandgumla.png
| map_alt =
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| latd =
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| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Jharkhand]]
| subdivision_type2 = Administrative Division
| subdivision_name2 = [[South Chotanagpur division]]
| established_title = <!-- Established -->
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Gumla]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 5327
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1025656
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 193
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] -->
| postal_code =
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| registration_plate =
| blank_name_sec1 = Tehsils
| blank_info_sec1 =
| blank1_name_sec1 = LokSabha
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Lohardaga (Lok Sabha constituency)|Lohardaga]] (shared with [[Lohardaga district]])
| blank2_name_sec1 =
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = http://gumla.nic.in/
| footnotes =
}}
'''Gumla district''' ({{lang-hi|गुमला जिला}}) is one of the twenty-four districts of [[Jharkhand]] [[States and territories of India|state]], [[India]], and [[Gumla]] town is the administrative headquarters of this district.
==Etymology==
For centuries, the place was a meeting center for people from the hinterland who flocked here to exchange goods using the [[Barter|barter system]], and the place was called ''Gaw-Mela''. Gumla is believed to derive its name from ''Gaw-Mela'', which consists of two words of [[Hindi]] (also used in several local [[dialect]]s), namely, ''Gaw'' (cows and the cattle) and'' Mela'', that is, a fair. The place became known as ''Gaw-mela'', and then the word transformed itself into Gumla.
==History==
During [[United Kingdom|British]] rule Gumla was under [[Lohardaga]] district. In 1843 it was brought under [[Bishunpur]] province that was further named [[Ranchi]]. In fact Ranchi district came into existence in 1899. In 1902 Gumla became Sub-division under Ranchi district.
On 18 May 1984 Gumla District came into existence. [[Sri Jagannath Mishra]] then ruling [[Chief Minister]] of [[Bihar]] inaugurated it and Sri Dwarika Nath Sinha acquired the post of 1st deputy commissioner of the just born district.
Gumla is considered to be the birthplace of the Hindu God [[Hanuman]]. A temple a few kilometers away from the city off the Gumla-[[Ghaghra block|Ghaghra]] road is dedicated to him and his mother. The district contains mountains named "Risyamook", which are mentioned in the [[Ramayana]].
The district is currently a part of the [[Red Corridor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://intellibriefs.blogspot.com/2009/12/naxal-menace-83-districts-under.html |title=83 districts under the Security Related Expenditure Scheme |publisher=IntelliBriefs |date= 2009-12-11 |accessdate=2011-09-17}}</ref>
The Gumla District had a place in the middle of the town called (Bazar Tanr), still there, where people used to bring their animals, mostly cows, and this way the fair was called [Gow-Mela] (a fair of cows). So this is how it is called Gumla.
==Geography==
Gumla is located at {{coord|23|N|84.50|E|}}. Geographically, Gumla is located on southern part of the [[Chota Nagpur plateau]] which forms the eastern edge of the Deccan plateau system.
There are three major rivers, which flow through the Gumla district viz. the [[South Koel River|South Koel]], the [[North Koel River|North Koel]] and the [[Sankh River|Sankh]]. There are various streams/ tributaries to the main rivers on which there are some picturesque waterfalls, as for example [[Sadni Falls]].
The terrain is highly undulating and there are existence of many rivers and streams. The forest cover of the district is 1.35 lakh hectares out of the total 5.21 lakh hectares of land i.e. round 27% of the total area of the district.
===Climate===
Gumla district enjoys a good climate characterized by a pleasant cold and temperate weather conditions. Gumla has a [[sub-tropical]] climate. Temperature ranges from maximum 40 to 20 °C during summer, and minimum 21 to 3 °C during winter. The annual rainfall is about 1450 mm. From June to September the rainfall level is about 1,150 mm.
==Economy==
Gumla district has rich [[nature|natural]] and [[mineral]] resources. There are 23 [[bauxite]] [[Mining|mines]] and 68 stone mines in Gumla district. Besides these there is good number of brick makers. In Gumla District the important minerals like bauxite and [[laterite]] ([[aluminium]] ore) are found in villages of Amkipani, Langdatanr, Chirodih, Jalim, Narma, Bahagara and Gurdari of Bishunpur block, Langatanr, Lupungpat and Chota-Agiatu in Chainpur block and Harup, Serengdag and Jalim in Ghaghra block. Beside these china clay is also found in some part of the district. Other mining activities like stone crusher, Brick kiln and stone chip mining lease are also available in different part of the district.
In 2006 the Indian government named Gumla one of the country's 250 [[Poverty in India|most backward districts]] (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=brgf/> It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).<ref name=brgf>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Panchayati Raj|date=September 8, 2009|title=A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme|publisher=National Institute of Rural Development|url=http://www.nird.org.in/brgf/doc/brgf_BackgroundNote.pdf|accessdate=September 27, 2011}}</ref>
==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Gumla district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,025,656,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Cyprus]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =
Cyprus
1,120,489
July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Montana]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30| quote =
Montana
989,415
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 439rd in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert| 193 |PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 23.21%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Gumla has a [[sex ratio]] of 993 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 66.92%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref name="Gumla Census 2011 Highlights">{{cite web| url =http://www.census2011.co.in/news/379-gumla-census-2011-highlights.html|title = Gumla Census 2011 Highlights |accessdate = 2011-05-05|work = |publisher =Registrar General, India, Ministry of Home Affairs }}</ref> Gumla had a population of 1,025,656 which is 3.11% of total Jharkhand Population. Out of total 1,025,656: 514,730 are males and 510,926 are female; this makes the sex ratio of Gumla 993, which better than India's sex ratio. Gumla has an average literacy rate of 66.92%. In Gumla, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
==Languages==
The major languages spoken in this region of Jharkhand are [[Sadri languageii|Nagpuri]] or [[Sadri]], [[Hindi]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]] & [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]].
Languages spoken here also include [[Asuri language|Asuri]], an [[Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic]] language spoken by approximately 17,000.<ref name='ethnoaranadan'>{{cite encyclopedia | editor = M. Paul Lewis | encyclopedia = Ethnologue: Languages of the World | title = Asuri: A language of India | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=asr | accessdate = 2011-09-28 | edition = 16th edition | year = 2009 | publisher = SIL International | location = Dallas, Texas}}</ref>
Languages like Khortha, Oraon, Kudukh, and Mundari are also spoken in Tribal areas Of Gumla District. (By Niraj SOny)
==Culture==
[[Gumla]] has a Rich Aadiwasi culture and is colourful with the shades of nature. "Chhotanagpur ki raani", a hill station is located in this district.
*Karma - A holy festival celebrated by the people in almost all places of this district.
*Sarhul - A colorful and joyful, this festival is celebrated by the people and Jhankis and Rallies were organised in a large number around the main town Gumla. Ladies put flowers (Gulaichi Flower) on their hair and gents put it on their ears.
*Ramnavami - A holy festival celebrated with huge sound, and Jhankies and Rallies.
Gumla has a rich tribal culture. The majority of people (about 80%) speak [[Kurukh language|Nagpuri]], but [[Hindi]] is used for communicating with non-tribal people.
===Tourist attractions===
* Netarhaat - Few kilometers away from the Gumla District, popular for beautiful sunset and sunrise. Many people come here for finding peace, It is also called The Door of Heaven.
* Ramrekha - A famous tourist spot it is said that here you can see many marks of "Maa Sita" including Charan Paduka, many pictures are taken on the rocks. People believe that Maa Sita used to live there.
* Ranida - its about 12 kilometers away from gumla main town. it is a mind-blowing tourist spot. peoples have also some rumors about this place that it is hunted. according to many people it is said that a couple who were recently got married went there for a picnic tour they saw their something terrible thing and scared badly .you can feel the sound of water colliding with rocks here. during winter session this place becomes more romantic.
*Plakot
* Pampapur - it is also very beautiful peace of place. There are many places like Shitalpur, Malmalpur, Ghodlata, Panchmukhi around this place.
it is said that maa sita makes powder of turmeric and some stones (big piece) of this place are still found in yellow color.
*a place called Rakas Rock (Rakas Tangra) where Bali and Sugreev fought (in Ramayan) you can find still there is some blood around the rocks.
*Ninjhar - here water flows and no one knows the source of the water. It is still a mystery.
*Anjan - Small village about 18 km away from Gumla. The name of the village has been derived from the name of goddess Anjani, mother of [[Hanuman]]. Many objects of archeological importance obtained from this place has been placed at [[Patna]] [[Museum]]. It is birthplace of [[Hanuman]].
*Baghmunda - It is famous for religious stone idols (Ajanta caves stone idols).
*Rajendra - It has great scenic value. It is surrounded by hills on all sides. It is as beautiful as any other famous hill stations in India.
*Dewaki - It is a place of religious importance. It is famous for a Shiv-Parvati temple. During [[Sawan]] month devotees from every corner visit here to offer water to the [[Shiva]] Linga and the place becomes a fair ground.
*Hapamuni - Famous and ancient village Mahamaya [[temple]] that is the identity of this village.
*[http://gumla.nic.in/PALKOT_MAIN.html Palkot]
*Nagfeni - It is famous for the [[Jagannath]] [[temple]] and there is a big rock in the shape of [[snake]] 'Nag'. It has its own natural beauty.
*[http://gumla.nic.in/tanginath.html Tanginath]
*Birsa Munda Agro Park
*Rock Garden.
==Flora and fauna==
It is home to a variety of [[flora (plants)|flora]] and [[fauna (animals)|fauna]].
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://gumla.nic.in/ Official district government website]
*[http://www.onefivenine.com/india/villag/Gumla] List of places in Gumla
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Gumla district
|North = [[Lohardaga district]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[Ranchi district]]
|Southeast = [[Khunti district]]
|South = [[Simdega district]]
|Southwest = [[Jashpur district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|West = [[Surguja district]], [[Chhattisgarh]]
|Northwest = [[Latehar district]]
}}
{{Navboxes
| list =
{{Blocks of Gumla district}}
{{Districts of Jharkhand}}
{{Minority Concentrated Districts in India}}
{{South Chotanagpur Division}}
{{Son basin}}
{{Mahanadi Basin}}
{{South Chotanagpur Division topics}}
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gumla District}}
[[Category:Districts of Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Gumla district| ]]
[[Category:Minority Concentrated Districts in India]]
[[Category:1984 establishments in India]]
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