|
ఎక్కువకాలము విదేశాలలో గడిపి తనదైన ఫిలాసఫీని ప్రజలకు పంచిన వ్యక్తి యు.జి. 2007 లో ఆయన మరనించారు తర్వాతనె తెలుగువారు అటువంటి తత్వవేత్త ఒకరున్నారని తెలుసుకున్నారు . యు.జి. ఫిలాషఫీ '' ఏదీ అసత్యము కాదు .. ఏదీ సత్యము కాదు అంతా మిధ్య అన్నట్టుగా సాగుతుంది . '' జ్ఞానోదయం " అనేది లేనే లేదంటారు . దినవారీ కార్యక్రమాల నిర్వహణకు జ్ఞానము అవసరమే . ఐతే ఆ జ్ఞానము రావడమే జ్ఞానోదయమా! అని ప్రశ్నిస్తారు . ఆలోచనల ప్రభావం తాత్కాలికమే తప్పించి శాశ్వత పరిష్కారం చూపించేఆలోచనలే లేవన్నారు . ఆలోచన అనేది ఏ రూపం లో అంగీకరించలేదు . ఆలోచనాపరమైన విజ్ఞానము కూడా మిధ్యేనని అన్నారు .
<!--
'''Uppaluri Gopala Krishnamurti''' (July 9, 1918 – March 22, 2007), known as '''U. G. Krishnamurti''', was an Indian thinker who questioned [[Enlightenment (spiritual)|enlightenment]]. Although necessary for day to day functioning of the individual, in terms of the [[Ultimate Reality]] or Truth he rejected the very basis of "thought" and in doing so negated all systems of thought and knowledge in reference to It. −
==నోట్స్==
{{quote|Tell them that there is ''nothing'' to understand.}}
Although many considered him an "enlightened" person, Krishnamurti often referred to his state of being as the "natural state." He claimed that the demand for enlightenment was the only thing standing in the way of enlightenment itself, if enlightenment existed at all.
He was unrelated to his contemporary [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]], although the two men had a number of meetings.<ref>[[s:Mind is a Myth|Mind is a Myth]]</ref>
==Early life==
Krishnamurti was born on July 9, 1918 in [[Machilipatnam]], a town in coastal [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, and raised in the nearby town of [[Gudivada]]. His mother died seven days after he was born, and he was brought up by his maternal grandfather, a wealthy [[Brahmin]] lawyer, who was also involved in the [[Theosophical Society]]. Krishnamurti also became a member of the Theosophical Society during his teenage years and mentions having "inherited" his association with the Theosophical Society from his grandfather.<ref>Krishnamurti in ''[[wikisource:The Mystique of Enlightenment/Part One|Mystique of Enlightenment]]''</ref>
During the same period of his life, Krishnamurti reportedly practiced all kinds of [[Ascetism|austerities]] and apparently sought ''[[moksha]]'' or spiritual enlightenment. To that end, between the ages of 14 and 21, he undertook all kinds of spiritual exercise, determined to find out whether moksha was possible. Wanting to achieve that state, he had also resolved to prove that if there were people who have thus "realized" themselves, they could not be [[hypocritical]].<ref group=note>Krishnamurti carried on at some length – in practically every published work – about what he perceived as the hypocrisy of religious/spiritual people, his grandfather and other prominent Theosophists included.</ref> As part of this endeavor, he searched for a person who was an embodiment of such "realization".
He spent seven summers in the [[Himalayas]] with [[Swami Sivananda]] studying [[yoga]] and practicing [[meditation]].<ref group=note>Krishnamurti would later also dismiss this period with Sivananda as a useless exercise.</ref> During his 20s, Krishnamurti began attending the [[University of Madras]], studying psychology, philosophy, mysticism, and the sciences, but never completed a degree, having determined that the answers of the West – to what he considered were essential questions – were no better than those of the East.
==Quest==
In 1939, at age 21, Krishnamurti met with renowned spiritual teacher [[Ramana Maharshi]]. Krishnamurti related that he asked Ramana, "This thing called moksha, can you give it to me?" – to which Ramana Maharshi purportedly replied, "I can give it, but can you take it?". This answer completely altered Krishnamurti's perceptions of the "spiritual path" and its practitioners, and he never again sought the counsel of "those religious people". Later, Krishnamurti would say that Maharshi's answer – which he perceived as "arrogant" – put him "back on track".<ref>[http://www.inner-quest.org/UG_R.htm Biographical details at inner-quest]</ref>
In 1941, he began working for the Theosophical Society, in [[C.W. Leadbeater]]'s library.<ref group=note>Eventually, Krishnamurti was elected Joint General Secretary of the Indian Section. His association with the Society lasted until the early-mid 1950s, see ''[[s:The Mystique of Enlightenment/Part One|Mystique of Enlightenment]]''.</ref> Shortly after, he began an international lecture tour on behalf of the Society, visiting Norway, Belgium, Germany and the United States. Returning to India, he married a Brahmin woman named Kusuma Kumari in 1943, at age 25.<ref>[http://www.sentientpublications.com/authors/ug.php UG biography at sentientpublications]</ref>
From 1947 to 1953, Krishnamurti regularly attended talks given by Jiddu Krishnamurti in [[Madras]], India, eventually beginning a direct dialogue with him in 1953.<ref group=note>U.G. Krishnamurti described one of their meetings as follows: "We really didn't get along well. Whenever we met we locked horns over some issue or other. For instance, I never shared his concern for the world, or his belief that his teaching would profoundly affect the thoughts and actions of mankind for the next five hundred years – a fantasy of the Theosophist [[occultists]]. In one of our meetings I told Krishnamurti, "I am not called upon to save the world." He asked, "The house is on fire – what will you do?" "Pour more gasoline on it and maybe something will rise from the ashes", I remarked. Krishnamurti said, "You are absolutely impossible". Then I said, "You are still a Theosophist. You have never freed yourself from the [[World Teacher]] role. There is a story in the Avadhuta Gita which talks of the [[Avadhuta|avadhut]] who stopped at a wayside inn and was asked by the innkeeper, 'What is your teaching?' He replied, 'There is no teacher, no teaching and no one taught.' And then he walked away. You too repeat these phrases and yet you are so concerned with preserving your teaching for posterity in its pristine purity"{{Nonspecific|date=April 2010}}</ref><ref name="Mystique2">{{cite book|last=Krishnamurti|first=U.G.|coauthors=Rodney Arms|edition=3rd ed|year=2001|title=Mystique of Enlightenment Part One|url=http://www.well.com/user/jct/mystiq.htm|accessdate=2007-09-05}}</ref> U. G. Krishnamurti related that the two had almost daily discussions for a while, which he asserted were not providing satisfactory answers to his questions. Finally, their meetings came to a halt. He described part of the final discussion:
{{quote|And then, towards the end, I insisted, "Come on, is there anything behind the abstractions you are throwing at me?" And that chappie said, "You have no way of knowing it for yourself". Finish – that was the end of our relationship, you see – "If I have no way of knowing it, you have no way of communicating it. What the hell are we doing? I've wasted seven years. Goodbye, I don't want to see you again". Then I walked out.<ref name="Mystique2"/>}}
After the break-up with Jiddu Krishnamurti, U. G. Krishnamurti continued travelling, still lecturing. At about the same time he claims to have been "puzzled" by the continuing appearance of certain [[psychic]] powers.<ref name="Mystique2"/> In 1955, U.G. Krishnamurti and his family went to the United States to seek medical treatment for his eldest son, and stayed there for five years.
===London period===
He ultimately separated from his family and went to live in London.<ref group=note>Krishnamurti had earlier inherited a considerable – for the time – sum of money from his grandfather. While in the US for his son's treatments, he felt more clear and grounded into himself. See ''[[wikisource:The Mystique of Enlightenment/Part One|Mystique of Enlightenment]]''.</ref> While sitting one day in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]], he was confronted by a police officer who threatened to lock him up if he didn't leave the park. Down to his last five [[pence]], he made his way to the [[Ramakrishna Mission]] of London where the residing [[Swami]] gave him money for a hotel room for the night. The following day, Krishnamurti began working for the Ramakrishna Mission, an arrangement that lasted for three months. Before leaving the mission he left a letter for the residing ''Swamiji'' telling him that he had become a new man.<ref>[http://ugbio.blogspot.com/2007/12/adrift-in-london-experiences-of-others.html from U.G. Krishnamurti biography, chapter: "Adrift in London"]</ref>
About this time, Jiddu Krishnamurti was in London and the two Krishnamurtis renewed their acquaintance. Jiddu tried to advise U.G. Krishnamurti on his recent marital troubles,{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} but U.G. didn't want his help. Jiddu eventually persuaded him to attend a few talks he was giving in London, which U.G. did, but found himself bored listening to him.<ref>Jiddu Krishnamurti had apparently taken an interest in U.G.'s family since the time they first met in person in 1953. See link [http://ug-k.blogspot.com/2007/04/locking-of-horns-inspiration-is.html U.G. Krishnamurti biography, chapter: Locking of horns]</ref>
In 1961, Krishnamurti put an end to his relationship with his wife. Their marriage had been a largely unhappy affair, and by that time he described himself as being "detached" from his family, emotionally as well as physically. He then left London and spent three months living in Paris, using funds he had obtained by selling his unused return ticket to India, during which time he ate a different variety of cheese each day. Down to his last 150 [[francs]], He decided to go to Switzerland where he still had a small bank account. By mistake he went by train to [Geneva, rather than Zurich, where the bank account was.
===Early Swiss period===
After two weeks in [[Geneva]], Krishnamurti was unable to pay his hotel bill and sought refuge at the Indian [[Consulate]]. He was listless, without hope, and described himself as "finished" – he requested that he be sent back to India, which the consular authorities refused to do at the state's expense. A consulate employee in her 60s named Valentine de Kerven offered Krishnamurti shelter. Valentine and Krishnamurti became good friends, and she provided him with a home in [[Switzerland]].
For the next few years, the questions regarding the subject of enlightenment – or anything else – did not interest him, and he did nothing to further his enquiry. But by 1967, Krishnamurti was again concerned with the subject of enlightenment, wanting to know what that state was, which sages such as [[Siddhārtha Gautama]] purportedly attained. Hearing that Jiddu Krishnamurti was giving a talk in [[Saanen]], U. G. Krishnamurti decided to attend. During the talk, Jiddu was describing his own state and U.G. thought that it referred to himself. He explained it as follows:
{{quote|When I Iistened to him, something funny happened to me – a peculiar kind of feeling that he was describing my state and not his state. Why did I want to know his state? He was describing something, some movements, some awareness, some silence – "In that silence there is no mind; there is action" – all kinds of things. So, I am in that state. What the hell have I been doing these 30 or 40 years, listening to all these people and struggling, wanting to understand his state or the state of somebody else, [[Gautama Buddha|Buddha]] or [[Jesus]]? I am in that state. Now I am in that state. So, then I walked out of the tent and never looked back.}}
He continues:
{{quote|Then – very strange – that question "What is that state?" transformed itself into another question "How do I know that I am in that state, the state of Buddha, the state I very much wanted and demanded from everybody? I am in that state, but how do I know?"<ref name="Mystique2"/>}}
==Calamity==
The next day Krishnamurti was again pondering the question "How do I know I am in that state?" with no answer forthcoming. He later recounted that on suddenly realizing the question had no answer, there was an unexpected physical, as well as psychological, reaction. It seemed to him like "a sudden 'explosion' inside, blasting, as it were, every cell, every nerve and every gland in my body." Afterwards, he started experiencing what he called "the calamity", a series of bizarre [[physiological]] transformations that took place over the course of a week, affecting each one of his senses, and finally resulting in a deathlike experience. He described it this way:
{{quote|I call it "calamity" because from the point of view of one who thinks this is something fantastic, blissful and full of beatitude, love, or [[ecstasy (emotion)|ecstasy]], this is physical torture; this is a calamity from that point of view. Not a calamity to me but a calamity to those who have an image that something marvelous is going to happen.<ref name=Mystique2/>}}
Upon the eighth day:
{{quote|Then, on the eighth day I was sitting on the sofa and suddenly there was an outburst of tremendous energy – tremendous energy shaking the whole body, and along with the body, the sofa, the [[chalet]] and the whole universe, as it were – shaking, vibrating. You can't create that movement at all. It was sudden. Whether it was coming from outside or inside, from below or above, I don't know – I couldn't locate the spot; it was all over. It lasted for hours and hours. I couldn't bear it but there was nothing I could do to stop it; there was a total helplessness. This went on and on, day after day, day after day.<ref name=Mystique2/>}}
{{quote|The energy that is operating there does not feel the limitations of the body; it is not interested; it has its own momentum. It is a very painful thing. It is not that ecstatic, blissful beatitude and all that rubbish – stuff and nonsense! – it is really a painful thing.<ref name=Mystique2/>}}
Krishnamurti could not, and did not, explain the [[provenance]] of the calamity experiences. In response to questions, he maintained that it happened "in spite of" his pre-occupation with – and search for – enlightenment. He also maintained that the calamity had nothing to do with his life up to that point, or with his upbringing. Several times he described the calamity happening to him as a matter of [[Randomness|chance]], and he insisted that he could not possibly, in any way, impart that experience to anybody else.<ref name=Mystique2/><ref>In the introduction to ''Mind Is a Myth: Disquieting Conversations with the Man Called U.G.'', editor Terry Newland states that at age 35, Krishnamurti started getting headaches and appearing younger, rather than older. According to that account, by the time of his 49th birthday, he appeared to be 17 or 18 years old, while after the calamity he started aging normally again, but continued to look far younger than his years. See [http://www.well.com/user/jct/intro.html ''Mind is a Myth'': Introduction, Section 4]</ref>
===Post-calamity===
According to Krishamurti, his life-story can be separated into the pre- and post-calamity parts. Describing his post-calamity life, he claimed to be functioning permanently in what he called "the natural state": A state of spontaneous, purely physical, sensory existence, characterized by [[:wikt:discontinuity|discontinuity]] – though not absence – of thought. Krishnamurti also maintained that upon finding himself in the "natural state", he had lost all acquired knowledge and memories, and had to re-learn everything, as if "...the slate had been wiped clean".
<ref>''[http://the-natural-state.blogspot.com The Natural State, In the words of U.G. Krishnamurti]'', Smitri Books, 2005. ISBN 81-87967-77-3. Discussions with U.G., compiled by Peter Maverick.</ref>
After his calamity experience, Krishnamurti often travelled to countries around the world, declining to hold formal discussions yet talking freely to visitors and those that sought him out. He gave his only formal post-calamity public talk in India, in 1972.<ref>[http://www.well.com/user/jct/Talk.htm Public talk] At the Indian Institute of World Culture, Bangalore.</ref>
{{quote|Nagaraj who was sitting quietly all this time said, "U.G., what exactly are you trying to put across?" U.G. replied, "Depends on you, not on me. This you don't seem to understand. You are the only medium through which I can express myself."{{cn|date=November 2012}} }}
His unorthodox non-message philosophy and the often uncompromising, direct style of its presentation, generated a measure of notoriety and sharply-divided opinions. At the extremes, some people considered him [[Enlightenment (spiritual)|enlightened]],{{who|date=March 2011}} while others considered him nothing more than a [[charlatan]].<ref>[http://www.theabsolute.net/minefield/ug.html A Critique Of U.G. Krishnamurti] Opinion piece by David Quinn, from the "Thinking Man's Minefield" website.</ref> The clamor increased as books and articles about Krishnamurti and his newly expounded philosophy continued appearing.<ref>[http://drvasu.wordpress.com/2007/10/29/u-g-krishnamurthi-the-global-vagabond/ The global vagabond] One of several informative blog entries by someone who knew Krishnamurti personally, accompanied by a variety of comments.</ref>
Several of his group discussions and interviews have been published in books, or are carried verbatim in various websites. There is also a variety of audio and video documents available online.<ref>See also [http://www.well.com/user/jct/lists.html Books by U.G. Krishnamurti]</ref>
==Health==
Krishnamurti was known for his unusual health and diet preferences.<ref name="UGCookbook">[http://www.travelswithug.com/resources/UGCookbook.pdf U.G. And Food]. Retrieved 24 August 2012.</ref> Carrying with him a "portable kitchen" in a tiny suitcase throughout his travels, he consumed a great deal of salt and cream, and stated "no meal should take longer than a few minutes to prepare." Throughout his life, Krishnamurti never saw a doctor or took medication, believing the body would take care of itself. Often complimented for good looks in his old age, Krishnamurti would respond "that's because I don't eat health food, I don't take vitamins, and I don't exercise!"<ref name="UGCookbook"/>
==Death==
On March 22, 2007 U.G. Krishnamurti died at [[Vallecrosia]] in Italy. He had slipped and injured himself, and was bedridden for seven weeks before his death. Three friends, including long term devotee [[Mahesh Bhatt]] were by his side when he died.<ref>
[http://www.hindu.com/2007/03/25/stories/2007032502741000.htm ''The Hindu'', March 25, 2007]</ref> In February 2007 he had dictated his final speech, "My Swan Song".<ref>U.G. Krishnamurti [http://www.well.com/user/jct/SWAN_SONG.htm "My Swan Song"]</ref>
He had asked that no rituals or [[funeral rites]] be conducted upon his death; also, he did not leave instructions on how to dispose of his body. Krishnamurti's body was cremated by Bhatt the next day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ugkrishnamurti.org/ug/obi/index.html|title=Obituary|accessdate=2007-09-05}}</ref> True to his own philosophy, Krishnamurti did not want to be remembered after his death.<ref>[http://movies.monstersandcritics.com/indiancinema/news/article_1283263.php/Mahesh_Bhatt_mourns_U.G._Krishnamurtis_death Mahesh Bhatt mourns U.G.]</ref>
==Philosophy==
{{quote|I have no teaching. There is nothing to preserve. Teaching implies something that can be used to bring about change. Sorry, there is no teaching here, just disjointed, disconnected sentences. What is there is only your interpretation, nothing else. For this reason there is not now nor will there ever be any kind of copyright for whatever I am saying. I have no claims.{{cn|date=November 2012}} }}
{{quote|I am forced by the nature of your listening to always negate the first statement with another statement. Then the second statement is negated by a third and so on. My aim is not some comfy dialectical thesis but the total negation of everything that can be expressed.{{cn|date=November 2012}} }}
Krishnamurti emphasized the impossibility and non-necessity of any human change, radical or mundane. These assertions, he stated, cannot be considered as a "teaching", that is, something intended to be used to bring about a change. He insisted that the body and its actions are already perfect, and he considered attempts to change or mold the body as violations of the peace and the harmony that is already there. The psyche or self or mind, an entity which he denied as having any being, is composed of nothing but the "demand" to bring about change in the world, in itself, or in both. Furthermore, human [[self-consciousness]] is not a thing, but a movement, one characterized by "perpetual malcontent" and a "[[fascist]] insistence" on its own importance and survival.
Krishnamurti denied the existence of an individual mind. However, he accepted the concept of a world mind, which according to him contained the accumulation of the totality of man's knowledge and experience.<ref>Newland, Terry. [http://www.ugkrishnamurti.net/ugkrishnamurti-net/chapter3.html Mind is a myth]. Dinesh Publications, 1988, Ch. 1, "Our mind--".</ref> He also used "thought sphere" (atmosphere of thoughts) synonymously with the term "world mind". He stated that human beings inhabit this thought realm or thought sphere and that the human brain acts like an antenna, picking and choosing thoughts according to its needs.<ref>Newland, Terry. [http://www.ugkrishnamurti.net/ugkrishnamurti-net/chapter4.html Mind is a myth]. Dinesh Publications, 1988, Ch. 4, "Mind is everywhere".</ref> Krishnamurti held all human experience to be the result of this process of thought. The self-consciousness or "I" in human beings is born out the need to give oneself continuity through the constant utilization of thought.<ref name=Mystique2/> When this continuity is broken, even for a split second, its hold on the body is broken and the body falls into its natural rhythm. Thought also falls into its natural place – then it can no longer interfere or influence the working of the human body. In the absence of any continuity, the arising thoughts combust.
In its natural state, the senses of the body take on independent existences (uncoordinated by any "inner self") and the ductless glands (that correspond to the locations of the Hindu ''[[chakras]]'') become reactivated. Krishnamurti described how it is the [[pineal gland]], or the ''Ajna Chakra'', that takes over the functioning of the body in the natural state, as opposed to thought.
Krishnamurti also maintained that the reason people came to him (and to [[guru]]s), was in order to find solutions for their everyday real problems, and/or for solutions to a fabricated problem, namely, the search for spirituality and enlightenment. He insisted that this search is caused by the [[cultural environment]], which demands [[conformity]] of individuals as it simultaneously places within them the desire to be special – the achievement of enlightenment thus viewed as a crowning expression of an individual's "specialness" and uniqueness. Consequently, the desire for enlightenment is exploited by gurus, spiritual teachers, and other "sellers of shoddy goods", who pretend to offer various ways to reach that goal. According to Krishnamurti, all these facilitators never deliver, and cannot ever deliver, since the goal itself (i.e. enlightenment), is unreachable.<ref>[http://www.lifepositive.com/Spirit/new-age-catalysts/krishnamurti.asp An Interview with UG at lifepositive] Also see [http://gatelessgate.wordpress.com/category/ugkrishnamurti/ Interview at GatelessGate online magazine].</ref>
{{quote|Man is just a memory. You understand things around you by the help of the knowledge that was put in you. You perhaps need the artist to explain his modern art, but you don't need anybody's help to understand a flower. You can deal with anything, you can do anything if you do not waste your energy trying to achieve imaginary goals.{{cn|date=November 2012}} }}
The articulation of his insights, at least in public, did not begin until Krishnamurti was well into middle age. According to Krishnamurti, despite his lifelong efforts to bring about [[Enlightenment (spiritual)|spiritual enlightenment]], he underwent a life-altering series of bodily experiences, which he collectively referred to as the "[[Disaster|calamity]]".
According to Krishnamurti, "The so called self-realization is the discovery for yourself and by yourself that there is no self to discover. That will be a very shocking thing because it's going to blast every nerve, every cell, even the cells in the marrow of your bones."<ref>[http://www.ugkrishnamurti.org/ug/quotes_and_photos/album02/page01.html].</ref>
{{quote|I am not anti-rational, just unrational. You may infer a rational meaning in what I say or do, but it is your doing, not mine.{{cn|date=November 2012}} }}
==Bibliography==
* ''The Courage to Stand Alone: Conversations with U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2001, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-06-4.
* ''The Mystique of Enlightenment: The Radical Ideas of U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2002, Sentient Publications. ISBN 0-9710786-1-0. Also published as ''The Mystique of Enlightenment: The Unrational ideas of a man called U.G.'', 2005, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-09-9.
* ''Thought is Your Enemy: Conversations with U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2002, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-11-0.
* ''The Little Book of Questions'', 2003, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-029938-6.
* ''Mind Is a Myth: Conversations with U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2003, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-10-2.
* ''No Way Out: Conversations with U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2005, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-08-0.
* ''[http://the-natural-state.blogspot.com/ The Natural State], In the words of U.G. Krishnamurti'', 2005, Smriti Books. ISBN 81-87967-77-3.
* ''The Penguin U.G. Krishnamurti Reader'', 2007, Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-310102-1. (Mukunda Rao, Editor)
* ''Thought Is Dead: Moving Beyond Spiritual Materialism'', 2010, ISBN 978-1-4537-0937-5. (Includes partial transcript of dialogue with David Bohm)
* ''The Anti Guru: A Selection Of His Greatest Talks'', 2010, ISBN 978-1-4610-1308-2.
==See also==
* [[Myth of Progress]]
* [[Nihilism]]
* [[Skepticism]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
-->
* [http://remembering-ug.blogspot.com/ Remembering U. G. Krishnamurti: A collection of his Talks, Quotes, Audiobooks, Photos and Videos ]
{{Authority control|VIAF=27087987}}
[[వర్గం:2007 మరణాలు]]
|
