తవాకెల్ కర్మన్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 61:
[[File:Tawakkul Karman Leymah Gbowee Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Nobel Peace Prize 2011 Harry Wad.jpg|thumb|From left to right: Tawakkul Karman, [[Leymah Gbowee]], and [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] display their awards during the presentation of the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], 10 December 2011 (Photo: Harry Wad).]]
Karman became the [[List of female Nobel laureates|first Arab woman]], the youngest person at that time to have become a Nobel Peace Laureate and the category's second Muslim woman.
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.democracynow.org/2011/10/7/yemeni_activist_tawakkul_karman_first_female |title=Yemeni Activist Tawakkul Karman, First Female Arab Nobel Peace Laureate: A Nod for Arab Spring |publisher=Democracynow.org |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref>
At 32, Tawakkol Karman was then the youngest winner of a Nobel Peace Prize. She is younger (born 7 February 1979) than [[Mairead Maguire]] (born 27 January 1944), who was a co-recipient of the award in 1976 and previously held that record.
Upon announcing the award, the committee chairman [[Thorbjørn Jagland]] said: "We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society." He later added that the prize was "a very important signal to women all over the world"<ref name="nyt2"/> and that, despite the events of the [[Arab Spring]], "there are many other positive developments in the world that we have looked at. I think it is a little strange that researchers and others have not seen them." He had earlier said the prize for the year would be "very powerful... but at the same time very unifying [and would] not create as strong reactions from a single country as it did last year [with [[Liu Xiaobo]]]." The 2011 prize is to be divided equally among the three recipients,<ref name="nobel"/> from a total of 10 million [[Swedish kronor]].<ref name="nyt2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts.html |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |publisher=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Youngest Nobel Laureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/faq/nobel_laureates.html |title=Nobel Laureates – FAQ |publisher=nobelprize.org |accessdate=7 October 2011}}</ref>
In 2014, [[Malala Yousafzai]], age 17, displaced Karman as the youngest winner ever. In 2003, [[Shirin Ebadi]] was the first Persian woman and first Muslim woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Karman was the third female journalist awarded the Nobel after [[Bertha von Suttner]] in 1905 and [[Emily Greene Balch]] in 1946. Before the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize was announced, only 12 other women had ever been recipients in its 110 years, and after the presentation there were 15 women.
{{rquote|right|'''''The solution to women’s issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together. Our civilization is called human civilization and is not attributed only to men or women.'''''|Tawakkol Karman<ref>{{cite web |title=Tawakkol Karman – Nobel Lecture: In the name of God the Compassionate the Merciful|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/karman-lecture_en.html |publisher=Nobelprize.org |date=10 December 2011 |accessdate=31 January 2012}}</ref>}}▼
Karman, along with [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] and [[Leymah Gbowee]], were the co-recipients of the 2011 [[Nobel Peace Prize]] "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women’s rights to full participation in peace-building work."
<ref name="nobel">{{cite press release| title = The Nobel Peace Prize 2011 – Press Release| publisher = Nobelprize.org | date=7 October 2011| url = http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2011/press.html| accessdate=15 November 2011}}</ref>
Of Karman, the Nobel Committee said: "In the most trying circumstances, both before and during the 'Arab spring', Tawakkul Karman has played a leading part in the struggle for women’s rights and for democracy and peace in Yemen."
<ref name="nobel"/><ref name="bbc"/>
The Nobel Committee cited the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted in 2000, which states that women and children suffer great harm from war and political instability and that women must have a larger influence and role in peacemaking activities; it also "[c]alls on all actors involved, when negotiating and implementing peace agreements, to adopt a gender perspective."
<ref>[http://www.un.org/events/res_1325e.pdf United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted 31 October 2000]. Retrieved 10 October 2011</ref>
Upon announcing the award, the committee chairman [[Thorbjørn Jagland]] said: "We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society." He later added that the prize was "a very important signal to women all over the world"
<ref name="nyt2"/>
▲
<ref name="nobel"/>
from a total of 10 million [[Swedish kronor]].
<ref name="nyt2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts.html |title=The Nobel Prize Amounts |publisher=Nobelprize.org |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref>
In reaction to the award Karman, while camped out in Sana'a during ongoing anti-government protests, said: "I didn’t expect it. It came as a total surprise. This is a victory for Arabs around the world and a victory for Arab women" and that the award was a "victory of our peaceful revolution. I am so happy, and I give this award to all of the youth and all of the women across the Arab world, in Egypt, in Tunisia. We cannot build our country or any country in the world without peace,"
<ref name="nyt2">{{cite news |title=Nobel Peace Prize Awarded to Three Activist Women |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/08/world/nobel-peace-prize-johnson-sirleaf-gbowee-karman.html?_r=1 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=7 October 2011 |accessdate=19 November 2011 |first1=Alan |last1=Cowell |first2=Laura |last2=Kasinof |first3=Adam |last3=Nossiter}}</ref>
adding that it was also for "Libya, Syria and Yemen and all the youth and women, this is a victory for our demand for citizenship and human rights," that "all Yemenis [are] happy over the prize. The fight for democratic Yemen will continue,"
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/10/2011107113313247492.html |title=Yemeni activist wins Nobel Peace Prize – Middle East |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=4 October 2011 |accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref>
that she "dedicate[s] it to all the martyrs and wounded of the Arab Spring… in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and to all the free people who are fighting for their rights and freedoms"
<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15216473 |title=Profile: Nobel peace laureate Tawakul Karman |work=BBC Online |date=15 September 2011 |accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref>
and "I dedicate it to all Yemenis who preferred to make their revolution peaceful by facing the snipers with flowers. It is for the Yemeni women, for the peaceful protesters in Tunisia, Egypt, and all the Arab world."
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/203365.html?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter |title=PressTV – We will press on: Yemeni Nobel laureate |publisher=Presstv.ir |accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref>
She also said she had not known about the nomination and had found out about the award via television.
<ref>{{cite news|author=Fatma Naib |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/10/2011107172033851656.html |title=Karman: Peaceful revolution 'only solution' – Features |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=4 October 2011 |accessdate=8 October 2011}}</ref>
▲{{rquote|right|'''''The solution to women’s issues can only be achieved in a free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the energy of both women and men together. Our civilization is called human civilization and is not attributed only to men or women.'''''|Tawakkol
===Post-Nobel Prize===
After the announcement, Karman traveled to [[Qatar]] where she met with Sheikh [[Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]] and also requested the [[Doha Centre for Media Freedom]]'s assistance to set up a television and radio station, which would be named ''[[Bilqis]]'', in honour of the [[Queen of Sheba]], in order to support female journalists and to broadly educate Yemeni journalists.
<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.al-sharq.com/articles/more.php?id=261049 |title=الموقع الرسمي لجريدة الشرق القطرية |publisher=Al-sharq.com |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref> She is on the International Advisory Board of the MBI Al Jaber Media Institute in Yemen which offers free training in all aspects of journalism. <ref>http://www.mbifoundation.com/news/article.asp?ID=117</ref> She also made a video message in Washington, D.C. on 25 October on the occasion of the release of the 14th annual report of the [[Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders]] (OBS) by the [[International Federation of Human Rights]] (FIDH) and the [[World Organisation Against Torture]] (OMCT). The report included information about the [[Arab Spring]], Yemen, and Karman.
<ref name="OBS" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/206487.html |title=PressTV – HR defenders main targets of violent attacks |publisher=Presstv.ir |date=25 October 2011 |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/Launch-of-the-2011-Annual-Report |title=Launch of the 2011 Annual Report of the Observatory at the United Nations Headquarters in New York – FIDH – Worldwide Human Rights Movement |publisher=FIDH |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref>
She was selected as the first place of the ''Foreign Policy'' top 100 global thinkers of 2011.
She has given scholarships to promising students from Yemen to study at [[Istanbul Aydın University]] at undergraduate and postgraduate level, in conjunction with the [[MBI Al Jaber Foundation]].
<ref>http://www.mbifoundation.com/news/article.asp?ID=131</ref>
▲She also made a video message in Washington, D.C. on 25 October on the occasion of the release of the 14th annual report of the [[Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders]] (OBS) by the [[International Federation of Human Rights]] (FIDH) and the [[World Organisation Against Torture]] (OMCT). The report included information about the [[Arab Spring]], Yemen, and Karman.<ref name="OBS" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/206487.html |title=PressTV – HR defenders main targets of violent attacks |publisher=Presstv.ir |date=25 October 2011 |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fidh.org/Launch-of-the-2011-Annual-Report |title=Launch of the 2011 Annual Report of the Observatory at the United Nations Headquarters in New York – FIDH – Worldwide Human Rights Movement |publisher=FIDH |accessdate=16 November 2011}}</ref>
Karman has spoken at colleges and universities across the globe. She spoke at [[Elizabethtown College]] and discussed women, human rights and the Arab Revolution.
▲She was selected as the first place of the ''Foreign Policy'' top 100 global thinkers of 2011.<ref name=FP>{{cite news|title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers|url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,4#thinker5|accessdate=2 December 2011|newspaper=Foreign Policy|date=December 2011}}</ref>
▲She has given scholarships to promising students from Yemen to study at [[Istanbul Aydın University]] at undergraduate and postgraduate level, in conjunction with the [[MBI Al Jaber Foundation]].<ref>http://www.mbifoundation.com/news/article.asp?ID=131</ref>
Regarding the [[Yemeni Civil War (2015)]], she blames the [[Houthis]] for the conflict.
▲Karman has spoken at colleges and universities across the globe. She spoke at [[Elizabethtown College]] and discussed women, human rights and the Arab Revolution.<ref>http://www.etownian.com/campus-life/female-journalist-activist-tawakkol-karman-speak-campus/</ref><ref>http://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2014/04/tawakkol_karman_nobel.html</ref><ref>http://lancasteronline.com/donegal/announcements/nobel-peace-prize-winner-to-speak-april-at-elizabethtown-college/article_8be356dc-b45a-11e3-99a3-0017a43b2370.html</ref>
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