కువైట్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 100:
[[File:BrennendeOelquellenKuwait1991.jpg|thumb|Oil fires in Kuwait in 1991, which were a result of the [[scorched earth]] policy of [[Iraq]]i [[Military of Iraq|military forces]] retreating from Kuwait]]
ఇరాన్ - ఇరాక్ యుద్ధం ముగిసిన తరువాత కువైత్ పతనం ఆరంభం అయింది. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_213.shtml |title=Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990 |website=Acig.org |accessdate=28 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20141006231817/http://www.acig.org:80/artman/publish/article_213.shtml |archivedate=6 October 2014 }}</ref>
== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of Kuwait}}
[[File:Satellite image of Kuwait in November 2001.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of Kuwait]]
Located in the north-east corner of the Arabian Peninsula, Kuwait is one of the smallest countries in the world in terms of land area.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} It lies between latitudes [[28th parallel north|28°]] and [[31st parallel north|31° N]], and longitudes [[46th meridian east|46°]] and [[49th meridian east|49° E]]. The flat, sandy [[Arabian Desert]] covers most of Kuwait. The country is generally low lying, with the highest point being {{convert|306|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} [[above sea level]].<ref name=cia /> It has [[List of islands of Kuwait|nine islands]], all of which, with the exception of [[Failaka Island]], are uninhabited.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-82709/Bubiyan |title=Bubiyan (island, Kuwait) |accessdate=28 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=March 2016}}</ref> With an area of {{convert|860|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, the [[Bubiyan Island|Bubiyan]] is the largest island in Kuwait and is connected to the rest of the country by a {{convert|2380|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long bridge.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000613 |title=Structurae [en]: Bubiyan Bridge (1983) |website=En.structurae.de |date=19 October 2002 |accessdate=28 June 2010}}</ref> Only 0.6% of the land area is considered arable<ref name=cia /> with sparse vegetation found along its {{convert|499|km|mi|adj=on}} long coastline.<ref name=cia /> [[Kuwait City]] is located on Kuwait Bay, a natural deep-water harbor.
Kuwait's [[Burgan field]] having a total capacity of approximately {{convert|70|Goilbbl|m3}} of proven oil reserves. During the 1991 [[Kuwaiti oil fires]], more than 500 oil lakes were created covering a combined surface area of about {{convert|35.7|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |first=Daniel |last=Pendick |title=Kuwaiti Oil Lakes |encyclopedia=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_761594234/Kuwaiti_Oil_Lakes.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5kwsRnHE5 |archivedate=31 October 2009 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> The resulting soil contamination due to oil and soot accumulation had made eastern and south-eastern parts of Kuwait uninhabitable. Sand and oil residue had reduced large parts of the Kuwaiti desert to semi-asphalt surfaces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.american.edu/ted/kuwait.htm |title=The Economic and Environmental Impact of the Gulf War on Kuwait and the Persian Gulf |work=American.edu |accessdate=28 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20100729024343/http://www1.american.edu:80/TED/KUWAIT.HTM |archivedate=29 July 2010 }}</ref> The oil spills during the Gulf War also drastically affected Kuwait's marine resources.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kuwait (country) |encyclopedia=Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563200_2/Kuwait_(country).html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5kwsRFbGL |archivedate=31 October 2009 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Kuwait}}
The spring season in March is warm with occasional thunderstorms. The frequent winds from the northwest are cold in winter and hot in summer. Southeasterly damp winds spring up between July and October; hot and dry south winds prevail in spring and early summer. The shamal, a northwesterly wind common during June and July, causes dramatic sandstorms.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-45144/Kuwait |title=Kuwait: Climate |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |accessdate=28 June 2010}}</ref>
The temperature in Kuwait during summer is above {{convert|25|C|F}}. The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|54.4|C|F}} which is the highest temperature recorded in Asia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |title=2012: Earth's 10th warmest year on record, and warmest with a La Niña – New country and territory hottest temperature records set in 2012 |accessdate=18 August 2014 |last=Masters |first=Jeff |date=15 January 2012 |publisher=[[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20140810131815/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/article.html |archivedate=10 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/weatherhistorian/comment.html?entrynum=3 |title=2012: Hottest air temperatures reported on Earth |accessdate=18 August 2014 |last=Burt |first=Christopher |date=22 October 2010 |publisher=[[Weather Underground (weather service)|Weather Underground]] }}</ref> Kuwait experiences colder winters than other GCC countries because of its location in a northern position near Iraq and Iran.
=== Governorates ===
{{Main|Governorates of Kuwait}}
Kuwait is divided into [[Governorates of Kuwait|six governorates]]. The governorates are further subdivided into [[Areas of Kuwait|areas]].
=== National parks ===
At present, there are five [[protected areas]] in Kuwait recognized by the [[IUCN]]. In response to Kuwait becoming the [[List of parties to the Ramsar Convention|169th signatory]] of the [[Ramsar Convention]], Bubyan island's Mubarak al-Kabeer reserve was designated as the country's first Wetland of International Importance.<ref name=ramsar /> The 50,948 ha reserve consists of small lagoons and shallow [[Saltmarsh|salt marshes]] and is important as a stop-over for migrating birds on two migration routes.<ref name=ramsar /> The reserve is home to the world's largest breeding colony of [[crab-plover]].<ref name=ramsar>{{cite web|last1=Ramsar|title=Kuwait becomes Ramsar state|url=http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=5210|website=BirdGuides|accessdate=7 September 2015}}</ref>
=== Biodiversity ===
{{Main|List of birds of Kuwait|List of mammals of Kuwait}}
More than 363 species of birds were recorded in Kuwait, 18 species of which breed in the country.<ref name=bsc-eoc>{{cite web| last=Lepage|first=Denis|url=http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=kw&pg=checklist&list=clements|title= Checklist of birds of Kuwait| work = Bird Checklists of the World|publisher=Avibase}}</ref> Kuwait is situated at the crossroads of several major bird migration routes and between 2 and 3 million birds pass each year.<ref name=natstrat>{{cite web|title=National Biodiversity Strategy for the State of Kuwait|url=http://www.birdguides.com/webzine/article.asp?a=5210|page=12}}</ref> The marshes in northern Kuwait and Jahra have become increasingly important as a refuge for passage migrants.<ref name=natstrat /> Kuwaiti islands are important breeding areas for four species of [[tern]] and [[socotra cormorant]].<ref name=natstrat /> Kuwait's marine and littoral ecosystems contain the bulk of the country's biodiversity heritage.<ref name=natstrat /> 28 species of mammals are found in Kuwait, animals such as [[gazelles]], desert rabbits and [[hedgehog]]s are common in the wild.<ref name=natstrat /> Other large carnivores such as the [[wolf]], [[caracal]] and [[jackal]] are now extremely rare.<ref name=natstrat /> Among the endangered mammalian species are the [[red fox]] and [[wild cat]].<ref name=natstrat /> Causes for wildlife extinction are habitat destruction and extensive unregulated hunting.<ref name=natstrat /> 40 species of reptiles have been recorded although none are endemic to Kuwait.<ref name=natstrat />
== గణాంకాలు ==
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