అన్నవాహిక: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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Rajasekhar1961 (చర్చ | రచనలు) |
Rajasekhar1961 (చర్చ | రచనలు) దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు |
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పంక్తి 29:
** ''మధ్య భాగం'' [[నునుపు కండరాలు]] మరియు [[చారల కండరాలు]],
** ''మూడవ భాగం'': ప్రధానంగా [[నునుపు కండరాలు]].
==పనులు==
===మ్రింగుట===
Food is [[ingestion|ingested]] through the [[mouth]] and when [[swallowed]] passes first into the [[pharynx]] and then into the esophagus. The esophagus is thus one of the first components of the [[human digestive system|digestive system]] and the [[human gastrointestinal tract|gastrointestinal tract]]. After food passes through the esophagus, it enters the stomach.<ref name=GUYTONHALL2005>{{cite book|last=Hall|first=Arthur C. Guyton, John E.|title=Textbook of medical physiology|year=2005|publisher=W.B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7216-0240-0|pages=782–784|edition=11th}}</ref> When food is being swallowed, the [[epiglottis]] moves backward to cover the [[larynx]], preventing food from entering the [[trachea]]. At the same time, the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing a [[Bolus (digestion)|bolus]] of food to enter. [[Peristalsis|Peristaltic]] contractions of the esophageal muscle push the food down the esophagus. These rhythmic contractions occur both as a reflex response to food that is in the mouth, and also as a response to the sensation of food within the esophagus itself. Along with peristalsis, the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.<ref name=GUYTONHALL2005 />
===అన్నకోశపు ఆమ్లాలు వెనుకకు రాకుండా నిరోధించుటgastric reflux===
The stomach produces [[gastric acid]], a strongly [[acid]]ic mixture consisting of [[hydrochloric acid]] (HCl) and [[potassium chloride|potassium]] and [[sodium chloride|sodium]] salts to enable food [[digestion]]. Constriction of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters help to prevent reflux (backflow) of gastric contents and acid into the esophagus, protecting the esophageal mucosa. In addition, the acute [[angle of His]] and the lower [[crura of the diaphragm]] helps this sphincteric action.<ref name=GUYTONHALL2005 /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54272/ |title=Neuromuscular Anatomy of Esophagus and Lower Esophageal Sphincter - Motor Function of the Pharynx, Esophagus, and its Sphincters - NCBI Bookshelf |publisher=Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |date=2013-03-25 |accessdate=2013-04-24}}</ref>
== వ్యాధులు ==
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