అబ్దుస్ సలం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

"Abdus Salam" పేజీని అనువదించి సృష్టించారు
 
"Abdus Salam" పేజీని అనువదించి సృష్టించారు
పంక్తి 1:
'''మహమ్మద్ అబ్దుస్ సలం'''<ref name="cosmic-anger-249">{{Cite book|title=Cosmic Anger|last=Fraser|first=Gordon|date=2008|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920846-3|page=249}}</ref><ref name="The Dawn Newspapers (Archive, 21 November 2011)">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/21/salaam-abdus-salam.html|title=Salaam Abdus Salam|date=21 November 2011|publisher=The Dawn Newspapers|last=Rizvi|first=Murtaza|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217182735/http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/21/salaam-abdus-salam.html|archivedate=17 February 2012|deadurl=yes|quote=Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926–1996) was his full name, which may add to the knowledge of those who wish he was either not Ahmadi or Pakistani. He was the guiding spirit and founder of Pakistan's atomic bomb programme, as well as Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).}}</ref> ([[పంజాబీ భాష|పంజాబీ]], {{Lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|محمد عبد السلام}}}}; {{IPA-hns|əbd̪ʊs səlɑm|pron}}; 29 జనవరి 1926{{Spaced ndash}}21 నవంబర్ 1996),<ref name="kibble98">{{Cite journal}}</ref> పాకిస్తానీ సిద్ధాంత భౌతికశాస్త్రవేత్త. 20వ శతాబ్ది సిద్ధాంత భౌతిక శాస్త్ర రంగంలో సుప్రసిద్ధ వ్యక్తి, 1979లో భౌతికశాస్త్రంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతిని ఎలక్ట్రోవీక్ యూనిఫికేషన్ సిద్ధాంతం విషయమై చేసిన కృషికి షెల్డన్ గ్లాషోవ్, స్టీవెన్ వీన్ బర్గ్ లతో కలిసి పంచుకున్నారు.<ref name="Nobel Prize">{{Cite news|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/|title=1979 Nobel Prize in Physics|work=Nobel Prize|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Qspj2Qg3?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fphysics%2Flaureates%2F1979%2F|archivedate=7 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> ఆయన నోబెల్ బహుమతి అందుకున్న మొట్టమొదటి పాకిస్తానీయుడు, సైన్స్ విభాగంలో నోబెల్ బహుమతి పొందిన తొలి ముస్లిం, ఏ విభాగంలోనైనా ఇస్లామిక్ దేశం నుంచి నోబెల్ అందుకున్నవారిలో రెండడవారు (మొదటి వ్యక్తి ఈజిప్టు నుంచి అన్వర్ సాదత్).<ref name="Ghani 1982 i-xi">{{Harvard citation|Ghani|1982|pp=i–xi}}</ref>
 
1960 నుంచి 1974 వరకూ సలం పాకిస్తాన్ ప్రభుత్వ ఉన్నత స్థాయి సైన్స్ సలహాదారు హోదాలో పాకిస్తాన్ లో శాస్త్ర సాంకేతిక పరిశోధన సదుపాయాల అభివృద్ధిపై ప్రధానమైన, కీలకమైన పాత్ర పోషించారు.<ref name="Ghani 1982 i-xi">{{Harvard citation|Ghani|1982|pp=i–xi}}</ref><ref name="ICTP">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.ictp.it/pio/words/newsletter/backissues/News_94/features_Pakistan.html/?searchterm=Riazuddin|title=Physics in Pakistan|date=21 November 1998|accessdate=23 August 2016|website=ICTP|last=Riazuddin}}</ref> సలం సైద్ధాంతిక, పదార్థిక భౌతిక శాస్త్రం పరిశోధనల అభివృద్ధికి కృషిచేయడమే కాకుండా దేశంలో ఉన్నత స్థాయి శాస్త్ర పరిశోధన సామర్థ్యం పెంపుకు కూడా చక్కని కృషి సల్పారు.<ref name="ICTP">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.ictp.it/pio/words/newsletter/backissues/News_94/features_Pakistan.html/?searchterm=Riazuddin|title=Physics in Pakistan|date=21 November 1998|accessdate=23 August 2016|website=ICTP|last=Riazuddin}}</ref> He was the founding director of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), and responsible for the establishment of the Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) in the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).<ref name="Rahman 1998 75–76">{{Harvard citation|Rahman|1998|pp=75–76}}</ref> As Science Advisor, Salam played an integral role in Pakistan's development of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and may have contributed as well to development of atomic bomb project of [[పాకిస్తాన్|Pakistan]] in 1972;<ref name="Yahoo! News, 9 July 2012">{{Cite news|url=http://news.yahoo.com/pakistan-shuns-physicist-linked-god-particle-185057298.html|title=Pakistan shuns physicist linked to "God Particle"|last=Abbot|first=Sebastian|date=9 July 2012|newspaper=Yahoo! News, 9 July 2012|accessdate=9 July 2012|agency=Yahoo! News Services|page=1|quote=In the 1960s and early 1970s, Salam wielded significant influence in Pakistan as the chief scientific adviser to the president, helping to set up the country's space agency and the institute for nuclear science and technology. Salam also assisted in the early stages of Pakistan's effort to build a nuclear bomb, which it eventually tested in 1998}}</ref> for this, he is viewed as the "scientific father"<ref name="The Dawn Newspapers (Archive, 21 November 2011)">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/21/salaam-abdus-salam.html|title=Salaam Abdus Salam|date=21 November 2011|publisher=The Dawn Newspapers|last=Rizvi|first=Murtaza|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217182735/http://www.dawn.com/2011/11/21/salaam-abdus-salam.html|archivedate=17 February 2012|deadurl=yes|quote=Mohammad Abdus Salam (1926–1996) was his full name, which may add to the knowledge of those who wish he was either not Ahmadi or Pakistani. He was the guiding spirit and founder of Pakistan's atomic bomb programme, as well as Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).}}</ref><ref name="Muslim Times, Lahore">{{Cite news|url=http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/09/uncategorized/who-is-baba-e-bum-a-q-khan|title=Who is the Father (Salam or Khan)?|last=Alim|first=Abdul|date=2011|newspaper=Muslim Times, Lahore|accessdate=10 December 2012}}</ref> of this programme.<ref name="Dawn News International, Archive 2004">{{Cite web|url=http://archives.dawn.com/2004/10/07/nat13.htm|title=Scientists asked to emulate Dr Salam's achievements|accessdate=22 January 2012|website=7 October 2004|publisher=Dawn News International, Archive 2004|last=Our Correspondents}}</ref><ref>{{Harvard citation|Rahman|1998|pp=10–101}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jang.com.pk/jang/jun2011-daily/10-06-2011/main2.htm|title=Re-engineering Pakistan and Physics from Pakistan Conference:MQM Stays loyal with Pakistan Armed Forces|date=2011|accessdate=11 June 2011|website=Jang News Group|publisher=Jang Media Cell and MQM Science and Technology Wing|quote=Professor Muhammad Abdus Salam and Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, and other prominent scientists, have made Pakistan, a nuclear power. All of these scientists were poor or Muhajir (migrants from India), says Altaf Hussain.}}</ref> In 1974, Abdus Salam departed from his country, in protest, after the Pakistan Parliament passed a controversial parliamentary bill declaring the Ahmadiyya movement, to which Salam belonged, as not-Islamic. In 1998, following the country's nuclear tests, the Government of Pakistan issued a commemorative stamp, as a part of "Scientists of Pakistan", to honour the services of Salam.<ref name="Pakistan Post Office Department">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps98/scientists_of_pakistan.html|title=Scientists of Pakistan|date=21 November 1998|accessdate=18 February 2008|website=Pakistan Post Office Department|last=Philately|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220104654/http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps98/scientists_of_pakistan.html|archivedate=20 February 2008|deadurl=no}}</ref>
 
== References ==
"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/అబ్దుస్_సలం" నుండి వెలికితీశారు