ఎల్ సాల్వడోర్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 591:
 
<ref name=IRFR2012/> The number of evangelicals in the country is growing rapidly.<ref>Stephen Offutt, ''New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa'' (Cambridge University Press, 2015) focuses on El Salvador and South Africa.</ref>
==Culture==
{{Main article|Culture of El Salvador}}
[[File:Monumento al Salvador del Mundo 2.jpg|thumb|right|The iconic statue of Christ on the globe sphere of planet earth is part of the [[Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo]] (Monument to the Divine Savior of the world) on Plaza El Salvador del Mundo (The Savior of the World Plaza), a landmark located in the country's capital, San Salvador.
]]
[[File:Casas de Suchitoto.jpg|thumb|right|The typical picturesque colonial Salvadoran houses of [[Suchitoto]], are always a staple feature in Salvadoran romanization art, painting and murals.]]
[[File:La Esquna de Ataco.jpg|thumb|right| The town of [[Concepción de Ataco]] is famed for its murals and paintings.]]
[[File:Palmaarte.jpg|thumb|right|La Palma-type art, is a staple feature in modern Salvadoran cultural arts and craft found in the town of [[La Palma, Chalatenango]].]]
[[Mestizo]] culture dominates the country, heavy in both Native American Indigenous and European Spanish influences. A new composite population was formed as a result of intermarrying between the native [[Mesoamerican]] population of Cuzcatlan with the European settlers. The [[Catholic Church]] plays an important role in the Salvadoran culture. [[Archbishop Óscar Romero]] is a national hero for his role in resisting human rights violations that were occurring in the lead-up to the Salvadoran Civil War.<ref name=Eaton>Eaton, Helen-May (1991). ''[http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/116/ The impact of the Archbishop Óscar Romero's alliance with the struggle for liberation of the Salvadoran people: A discussion of church-state relations (El Salvador)]'' (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University</ref> Significant foreign personalities in El Salvador were the [[Jesuit]] priests and professors [[Ignacio Ellacuria]], [[Ignacio Martín-Baró]], and [[Segundo Montes]], who were murdered in 1989 by the Salvadoran Army during the height of the civil war.
 
Painting, ceramics and textiles are the principal manual artistic mediums. Writers [[Francisco Gavidia]] (1863–1955), [[Salarrué]] (Salvador Salazar Arrué) (1899–1975), [[Claudia Lars]], [[Alfredo Espino]], [[Pedro Geoffroy Rivas]], [[Manlio Argueta]], [[José Roberto Cea]], and poet [[Roque Dalton]] are among the most important writers from El Salvador. Notable 20th-century personages include the late filmmaker Baltasar Polio, female film director [[Patricia Chica]], artist [[Fernando Llort]], and [[caricaturist]] [[Toño Salazar]].
 
Amongst the more renowned representatives of the graphic arts are the painters [[Augusto Crespin]], [[Noe Canjura]], [[Carlos Cañas]], Julia Díaz, Mauricio Mejia, Maria Elena Palomo de Mejia, [[Camilo Minero]], Ricardo Carbonell, Roberto Huezo, Miguel Angel Cerna, (the painter and writer better known as MACLo), Esael Araujo, and many others. For more information on prominent citizens of El Salvador, check the [[List of Salvadorans]].
 
===Public holidays===<!-- This section is linked to [[Public holidays in El Salvador]] -->
{{See also|List of festivals in El Salvador}}
[[File:Fiestas patrias.JPG|thumb|right|Celebration of La Fiestas Patrias in Las Chinamas]]
{| class=wikitable
|+ '''Holidays'''
|-
! Date!!English name!!Local name!!Observance
|-
| March/April
| [[Holy Week]]/[[Easter]]
| ''[[Semana Santa]]''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Celebrated with [[Carnival]]-like events in different cities by the large Catholic population.
|-
| May 1
| Labor Day
| ''Día del trabajo''
| style="font-size:95%;" | International Labor Day
|-
|May 3
| [[Fiesta de las Cruces|The Day of the Cross]]
| ''Día de la Cruz''
| style="font-size:95%;" | A celebration with precolonial origins, linked to the advent of the rainy season. People decorate a cross in their yards with fruit and garlands, in the belief that if they do not, the devil will appear and dance at their yard. They then go from house to house to kneel in front of the altar and make the sign of the cross.
|-
|May 7
| Soldiers' Day
| ''Día del Soldado''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Marks the founding of its armed forces in 1824.
|-
| May 10
| Mothers' Day
| ''Día de las Madres''
| style="font-size:95%;" | A day to celebrate motherhood, similar to many other countries Mother's Day.
|-
| June 17
| Father's Day
| ''Día del Padre''
| style="font-size:95%;" | A day to celebrate fatherhood, similar to other countries Father's Day.
|-
| August 1–7
| August Festivals*
| ''Fiestas de agosto''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Week-long festival in celebration of ''El Salvador del Mundo'', patron saint of San Salvador.
|-
| September 15
| Independence Day
| ''Día de la Independencia''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Celebrates independence from Spain, achieved in 1821.
|-
|October 1
|Day of the children
|"Día del niño"
|style="font-size:95%;" | Celebration dedicated to the Children of the country, celebrated across the country.
|-
| October 12
| Day of the race
| ''Día de la raza''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Celebration dedicated to Christopher Columbus' arrival in America.
|-
| November 2
| [[Day of the Dead]]
| ''El día de los difuntos''
| style="font-size:95%;" | A day when most people visit the tombs of deceased loved ones. (November 1 may be commemorated as well.)
|-
| November 7–13
| National Festival Of Pupusa
| ''Festival Nacional De La Pupusa''
| style="font-size:95%;" | This week is the national commemoration of the national food (''Pupusa'').
|-
| November 21
| Queen of the Peace Day
| ''Dia de la Reina de la Paz''
| style="font-size:95%;" | Day of the Queen of Peace, the patron saint. Also celebrated, the San Miguel Carnival, (carnaval de San Miguel), celebrated in San Miguel City, similar to Mardi Gras of New Orleans, where one can enjoy about 45 music bands on the street.
|-
| December 25
| Christmas Day (Celebrated Dec. 24th)
| ''Noche Buena''
| style = "font-size:95%;" | In many communities, December 24 ([[Christmas Eve]]) is the major day of celebration, often to the point that it is considered the actual day of ''Navidad'' — with December 25 serving as a day of rest.
|-
| December 31
| [[New Year's Eve]]
| ''Fin de año''
| style="font-size:95%;" | The final day of the Gregorian year, and the day before New Year's Day is celebrated in El Salvador with family reunions.
|}
 
===Cuisine===
{{Main article|Salvadoran cuisine}}
[[File:Plain pupusas revueltas.jpg|thumb|300px|''Pupusas'', the national and most famous dish of El Salvador.]]
[[image:Tortillas salvadoreñas.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Salvadoran tortillas are a staple of the Salvadoran diet. These are thicker (5 mm) than Mexican tortillas, about 10 cm in diameter.]]
[[File:Manihot esculenta - cross section 2.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Yuca is eaten fried or boiled with salads, as a side dish or in the [[yuca frita]] dish. The oldest direct evidence of cassava cultivation in the world comes from a 1,400-year-old Maya site, [[Joya de Cerén]], in El Salvador.]]
[[File:Sopa de pata.jpg|thumb|''[[Sopa de pata]]'']]
One of El Salvador's notable dishes is the ''[[pupusa]]''. ''Pupusas'' are handmade corn tortillas (made of ''[[masa|masa de maíz]]'' or ''masa de arroz'', a maize or rice flour dough used in [[Latin American cuisine]]) stuffed with one or more of the following: cheese (usually a soft Salvadoran cheese such as ''[[quesillo]]'', similar to mozzarella), ''[[chicharrón]]'', or [[refried beans]]. Sometimes the filling is ''queso con loroco'' (cheese combined with ''[[loroco]]'', a vine flower bud native to Central America).<ref name="Elsalvador.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2003/10/31/nacional/nacio7.html|title=Pobladores prehispánicos inventaron las pupusas|publisher=Elsalvador.com|date=2003-10-31|accessdate=2010-05-02|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503202216/http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2003/10/31/nacional/nacio7.html|archivedate=2011-05-03|df=}}</ref>
 
''Pupusas revueltas'' are ''pupusas'' filled with beans, cheese and pork. There are also vegetarian options. Some adventurous restaurants even offer ''pupusas'' stuffed with shrimp or spinach. The name ''pupusa'' comes from the Pipil-Nahuatl word, ''pupushahua''. The precise origins of the ''pupusa'' are debated, although its presence in El Salvador is known to predate the arrival of the Spaniards.<ref name="Elsalvador.com"/>
 
Two other typical Salvadoran dishes are ''yuca frita'' and ''panes con pollo''. ''Yuca frita'' is deep fried [[cassava]] root served with [[curtido]] (a pickled cabbage, onion and carrot topping) and pork rinds with ''pescaditas'' (fried baby sardines). The Yuca is sometimes served boiled instead of fried. ''Pan con pollo/pavo'' (bread with chicken/turkey) are warm [[Turkey (bird)|turkey]] or [[chicken]]-filled submarine sandwiches. The bird is marinated and then roasted with [[Pipil people|Pipil]] spices and handpulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with [[tomato]] and [[watercress]] along with [[cucumber]], [[onion]], [[lettuce]], [[mayonnaise]], and [[mustard (condiment)|mustard]].
 
One of El Salvador's typical breakfasts is fried plantain, usually served with cream. It is common in Salvadoran restaurants and homes, including those of immigrants to the United States.
 
[[Alguashte]], a condiment made from dried, ground [[pepitas]], is commonly incorporated into savoury and sweet Salvadoran dishes.
 
"''Maria Luisa''" is a dessert commonly found in El Salvador. It is a layered cake that is soaked in orange marmalade and sprinkled with powdered sugar.
 
A popular drink that Salvadorans enjoy is ''[[Horchata]]'', a drink native to the [[Valencian Community]] in Spain. ''Horchata'' is most commonly made of the [[morro seed]] ground into a powder and added to milk or water, and sugar. ''Horchata'' is drank year-round, and can be drank at any time of day. It mostly is accompanied by a plate of ''pupusas'' or fried yuca. ''Horchata'' from El Salvador has a very distinct taste and is not to be confused with Mexican ''horchata'', which is rice-based. Coffee is also a common morning beverage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/El-Salvador.html|title=Culture of El Salvador – traditional, history, ''People'', clothing, women, beliefs, food, customs, family|publisher=everyculture.com}}</ref>
 
Other popular drinks in El Salvador include ''Ensalada'', a drink made of chopped fruit swimming in fruit juice, and ''Kolachampan'', a sugar cane-flavored carbonated beverage.
 
One of the most popular desserts is the cake ''Pastel de tres leches'' (Cake of three milks), consisting of three types of milk: evaporated milk, condensed milk, and cream.
 
===Music===
{{Main article|Music of El Salvador}}
 
Salvadoran music is a mixture of indigenous [[Pipils|Pipil]] and Spanish influences. Music includes religious songs (mostly used to celebrate [[Christmas]] and other [[Religious holiday|holidays]], especially [[feast day]]s of the [[saint]]s). Satirical and rural lyrical themes are common. [[Cuba]]n, [[Colombia]]n, and Mexican music has infiltrated the country, especially ''[[Salsa music|salsa]]'' and ''[[Cumbia music|cumbia]]''. Popular music in El Salvador uses ''marimba'', ''tehpe'ch'', [[flute]]s, [[drum]]s, [[scraper (instrument)|scraper]]s and [[gourd]]s, as well as more recently imported [[guitar]]s and other instruments. El Salvador's well known folk dance is known as ''Xuc'' which originated in [[Cojutepeque]], [[Cuscatlán Department|Cuscatlan]]. Other musical repertoire consists of danza, pasillo, marcha and canciones.
 
===Sport===
[[File:Estadio cuscatlan.jpg|thumb|The [[Estadio Cuscatlán]] in San Salvador is the largest stadium in Central America]]
{{main article|Sport in El Salvador}}
[[association football|Football]] is the most popular sport in El Salvador. The [[El Salvador national football team]] qualified for the [[FIFA World Cup]] in [[1970 FIFA World Cup|1970]] and [[1982 FIFA World Cup|1982]]. Their qualification for the 1970 tournament was marred by the [[Football War]], a war against [[Honduras]], whose team El Salvador's had defeated.
 
The national football team play at the [[Estadio Cuscatlán]] in San Salvador. It opened in 1976 and seats 53,400, making it the largest stadium in Central America and the Caribbean.<ref>{{cite web|title=Estadio Cuscatlán|url=http://www.radioguanaca.net/liga-mayor/playground/1-futbol/7-estadio-cuscatlan|publisher=Radio Guanaca|accessdate=25 February 2014}}</ref>
 
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