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భారతరత్న: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు
ట్యాగు: 2017 source edit
దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు
పంక్తి 35:
==నిబంధనలు==
భారతరత్న పురస్కారం అత్యున్నత స్థాయిలో ప్రదర్శించిన కృషికి/చేసిన సేవకు గుర్తింపుగా ఎటువంటి జాతి, వృత్తి, స్థాయి మరియు లింగ బేధాలను పాటించకుండా ప్రదానం చేయబడుతుంది.<ref name="scheme">{{cite web|title=Bharat Ratna Scheme|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|accessdate=8 May 2014|format=PDF|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002940/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Scheme-BR.pdf|archivedate=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 1954 నాటి నిబంధనల ప్రకారం ఈ పురస్కారం కళలు, సాహిత్యం, విజ్ఞానం, ప్రజాసేవ రంగాలలో కృషి చేసినవారికి ఇచ్చేవారు.<ref name="award1"/> [[2011]], [[డిసెంబరు]]లో ఈ నిబంధనలను మార్చి "మానవజాతి పాటుపడే ఈ రంగానికైనా" అనే పదాన్ని చేర్చారు.<ref name="sports">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2720348.ece|title=Govt changes criteria for Bharat Ratna; now open for all|agency=Press Trust of India|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 December 2011|accessdate=16 December 2011|location=New Delhi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228161147/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article2720348.ece|archivedate=28 December 2013}}</ref> 1954 నాటి నిబంధనలు మరణానంతరం ఈ పురస్కారం ప్రకటించడాన్ని అనుమతించేవి కావు. కానీ 1955 జనవరిలో ఈ నిబంధనను సడలించారు. 1966లో [[లాల్ బహదూర్ శాస్త్రి]] మొట్టమొదటి సారి మరణానంతరం ఈ పురస్కారాన్ని పొందాడు.<ref name="award2"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/E-1697-1966-0012-77227.pdf|title=The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I|last=Gundevia|first=Y. D.|year=1966|journal=The Gazette of India|publisher=The President's Secretariat|publication-date=11 January 1966|accessdate=12 May 2014|format=PDF|pages=2|quote=The President is pleased to award the Bharat Ratna posthumously to:—Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514155724/http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/1966/E-1697-1966-0012-77227.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2014}}</ref>
 
==Specifications==
The original 1954 specifications of the award was a circle made of gold {{convert|1+3/8|inch|mm}} in diameter with a centred sun burst design on the obverse side. The text "Bharat Ratna", in [[Devanagari]] Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. A platinum [[State Emblem of India]] was placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto, "[[Satyameva Jayate]]" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge.<ref name="award1"/>
 
A year later, the design was modified. The current medal is in the shape of a [[peepal]] leaf, approximately {{convert|2+5/16|inch|mm}} long, {{convert|1+7/8|inch|mm}} wide and {{convert|1/8|inch|mm}} thick and rimmed in platinum. The embossed sun burst design, made of platinum, on the obverse side of the medal has a diameter of {{convert|5/8|inch|mm}} with rays spreading out from {{convert|5/6|inch|mm}} to {{convert|1/2|inch|mm}} from the center of the Sun. The words "Bharat Ratna" on the obverse side remained the same as the 1954 design as did the emblem of India and "Satyameva Jayate" on the reverse side. A {{convert|2|in|mm|adj=mid|-wide}} white ribbon is attached to the medal so it can be worn around the neck.<ref name="award2"/>{{sfn|Hoiberg|Ramchandani|2000|p=96}}<ref>{{cite press_release|title=Crafting Bharat Ratna, Padma Medals at Kolkata Mint|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=102657|publisher=Press Information Bureau (PIB), India|accessdate=13 May 2014|date=21 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153417/http://pib.nic.in/release/rel_print_page.asp?relid=102657|archivedate=17 May 2014}}
* {{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sachins-bharat-ratna-today-a-medal-from-2000/|title=Sachin's Bharat Ratna today a medal from 2000|date=4 February 2014|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=13 May 2014|location=New Delhi|last=Ranjan|first=Amitav|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428211303/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sachins-bharat-ratna-today-a-medal-from-2000/|archivedate=28 April 2014}}</ref> In 1957, the silver-gilt decoration was changed to burnished bronze.<ref name="award1"/>{{sfn|Sainty|2011}} The Bharat Ratna medals are produced at [[India Government Mint, Kolkata#Alipore Mint|Alipore Mint]], Kolkata along with the other civilian and military awards like [[Padma Vibushan]], [[Padma Bhushan]], [[Padma Shri]], and [[Param Veer Chakra]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=102657|title=Crafting Bharat Ratna, Padma Medals at Kolkata Mint|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=26 January 2014|accessdate=5 November 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208060357/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/efeatures.aspx?relid=102657|archivedate=8 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.igmint.org/hist.htm|title=History of the Alipore Mint|accessdate=15 September 2008|publisher=India Govt Mint, Kolkota|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080629011733/http://www.igmint.org/hist.htm|archivedate=29 June 2008}}</ref>
 
 
ఈ పురస్కారానికి ప్రతిపాదనలు చేసే పద్ధతి లేనప్పట్టికీ, [[ప్రధానమంత్రి]] మాత్రమే [[రాష్ట్రపతి]]కి ఏడాదికి గరిష్టంగా ముగ్గురిని మాత్రం సిఫారసు చేయవచ్చు. కానీ [[1999]]లో ఈ పురస్కారాన్ని నలుగురు వ్యక్తులకు ప్రదానం చేశారు. ఈ పురస్కార గ్రహీతలకు రాష్ట్రపతి తన సంతకంతో కూడిన ఒక "సనదు(పట్టా)" మరియు ఒక పతకం ప్రదానం చేస్తాడు. ఈ పురస్కారం క్రింద ఎలాంటి నగదు మంజూరు చేయరు. [[భారత రాజ్యాంగం]] యొక్క ఆర్టికల్ 18(1) ప్రకారం ఈ పురస్కార గ్రహీతలెవ్వరూ తమ పేరు ముందు, వెనుక భారతరత్న అని పేర్కొనరాదు.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|title=The Constitution of India|accessdate=19 May 2014|format=PDF|page=36|publisher=Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/http://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf|archivedate=9 September 2014}}</ref>,<ref name="scheme"/> భారతరత్న పొందిన పౌరులకు 7వ స్థాయి గౌరవం లభిస్తుంది.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/guidline_govt_mp/chap11.pdf|title=Indian order of precedence|accessdate=19 May 2014|publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat|format=PDF|page=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704022423/http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/guidline_govt_mp/chap11.pdf|archivedate=4 July 2014}}</ref>
Line 70 ⟶ 78:
 
కొందరిని ప్రపంచం గుర్తించిన తర్వాత కాని ఈ పురస్కారానికి ఎంపిక చేయలేదనే విమర్శలు వెలువడ్డాయి.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120906/jsp/nation/story_15944154.jsp|title=Bharat Ratna cry for Bose|newspaper=The Telegraph (Calcutta)|location=New Delhi|date=6 September 2012|accessdate=18 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519100034/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120906/jsp/nation/story_15944154.jsp|archivedate=19 May 2014}}</ref> [[మదర్ థెరెసా]]కు [[నోబెల్ శాంతి బహుమతి]] ఇచ్చిన తరువాతి సంవత్సరం భారతరత్న ప్రకటించారు. [[సత్యజిత్ రే]]కు ఆస్కార్ అవార్డు అందిన తర్వాతనే భారతరత్న ప్రకటించారు.{{sfn|Guha|2001|p=170}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aaspeechesdb.oscars.org/link/064-24/|title= Acceptance Speeches: Satyajit Ray|accessdate=18 May 2014|publisher=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609212921/http://aaspeechesdb.oscars.org/link/064-24/|archivedate=9 June 2014}}</ref>అలాగే [[అమర్త్య సేన్|అమర్త్య సేన్‌]]కు నోబెల్ బహుమతి వచ్చిన తర్వాతనే భారతరత్న ఇవ్వబడింది.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1603/16030300.htm|title=Bharat Ratna for Amartya Sen|journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|publisher=The Hindu|volume=16|issue=3|date=1999|accessdate=18 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519094707/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1603/16030300.htm|archivedate=19 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://forbesindia.com/printcontent/35855|title=Freedom of Expression: Indians are Becoming Increasingly Intolerant|journal=Forbes India Magazine|date=23 August 2013|accessdate=18 May 2014|author=Tripathi, Salil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519094021/http://forbesindia.com/printcontent/35855|archivedate=19 May 2014}}</ref>
 
==Popular demands==
 
Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President,<ref name="scheme"/> there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. In January 2008, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) leader [[L. K. Advani]] wrote to the then Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] recommending Singh's predecessor [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] for the award.<ref name="pm"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080110/jsp/frontpage/story_8765534.jsp|title=Uneasy lies crown that awaits Ratna—Advani proposes Vajpayee's name, method and timing fuel murmurs|newspaper=The Telegraph (Calcutta)|location=Calcutta|date=10 January 2008|accessdate=19 May 2014|author=Chatterjee, Manini|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031231/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080110/jsp/frontpage/story_8765534.jsp|archivedate=21 May 2014}}</ref> This was immediately followed by the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] lobbying for their leader, [[Jyoti Basu]], former Chief Minister of West Bengal.<ref name="cmwb"/> Basu, India's longest-serving chief minister, said that he would decline the honour, even if awarded.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jyoti-basu-can-be-given-bharat-ratna-cpi-m-1144394|title=Jyoti Basu can be given Bharat Ratna: CPI (M)|date=11 January 2008|accessdate=19 May 2014|location=Kolkata|publisher=Daily News and Analysis|agency=Press Trust of India|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521032255/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jyoti-basu-can-be-given-bharat-ratna-cpi-m-1144394|archivedate=21 May 2014}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/13/stories/2008011350130100.htm|title=Jyoti Basu "not in the race"|newspaper=The Hindu|agency=Press Trust of India|date=13 January 2008|accessdate=19 May 2014|location=Kolkata|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331181337/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/13/stories/2008011350130100.htm|archivedate=31 March 2014}}
</ref> Similar demands were made by [[Telugu Desam Party]], [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], and [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] for their respective leaders [[N. T. Rama Rao]], [[Kanshi Ram]], and [[Parkash Singh Badal]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/news/26456-bharat-ratna-losing-its-sanctity.html|title=Bharat Ratna losing its sanctity?|publisher=The Statesman|date=24 November 2013|accessdate=19 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520221105/http://www.thestatesman.net/news/26456-bharat-ratna-losing-its-sanctity.html|archivedate=20 May 2014}}</ref> In September 2015, regional political party [[Shiv Sena]] demanded the award for the independence activist [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar]] stating that he had been "deliberately neglected by previous governments" but his family clarified that they are not making such demand and that the freedom fighter is known for his contribution towards independence movement and did not need an award for recognition.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-09-15/news/66568740_1_bharat-ratna-sena-president-uddhav-thackeray-sena-mp|title=Shiv Sena starts drive to collect 10 lakh signatures to get Bharat Ratna for Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=15 September 2015|accessdate=7 November 2015}}
*{{cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/shiv-sena-demands-bharat-ratna-for-veer-savarkar/16534152|title=Shiv Sena demands Bharat Ratna for Veer Savarkar|newspaper=Mid-Day|agency=Press Trust of India|date=14 September 2015|accessdate=7 November 2015|location=New Delhi|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150926065901/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/shiv-sena-demands-bharat-ratna-for-veer-savarkar/16534152|archivedate=26 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
*{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/savarkar-doesnt-need-an-award-for-recognition-says-grand-nephew/|title=Savarkar doesn’t need an award for recognition, says grand-nephew|newspaper=The Indian Express|accessdate=7 November 2015|location=Mumbai|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019223415/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/savarkar-doesnt-need-an-award-for-recognition-says-grand-nephew/|archivedate=19 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
Per the original statutes, sportspersons were not eligible for the Bharat Ratna; however, a revision of the rules in December 2011 made eligible "any field of human endeavour".<ref name="sports"/> Subsequently, several sportspersons' names were discussed; among the most talked-about of these was field-hockey player [[Dhyan Chand]], who was recommended multiple times for the posthumous honour.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/former-olympians-fans-hold-rally-demanding-bharat-ratna-for-dhyan-chand-hockey/1/335126.html|title=Fans hold rally demanding Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand|publisher=India Today|date=8 January 2014|accessdate=19 May 2014|location=New Delhi|author=Ray, Suman|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009044735/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/former-olympians-fans-hold-rally-demanding-bharat-ratna-for-dhyan-chand-hockey/1/335126.html|archivedate=9 October 2014}}</ref> In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]]. In January 2012, the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]] forwarded his name again, this time along with [[2008 Summer Olympics]] [[Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics&nbsp;– Men's 10 metre air rifle|gold medallist]] shooter [[Abhinav Bindra]] and mountaineer [[Tenzing Norgay]].<ref name="dc1">{{cite news|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/hockey/211058-dhyan-chand-not-sachin-tendulkar-is-sports-ministrys-choice-for-bharat-ratna|title=Dhyan Chand, not Sachin Tendulkar, is Sports Ministry's choice for Bharat Ratna|publisher=NDTV Sports|date=19 July 2013|agency=Press Trust of India|accessdate=19 May 2014|location=New Delhi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722125049/http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/hockey/211058-dhyan-chand-not-sachin-tendulkar-is-sports-ministrys-choice-for-bharat-ratna|archivedate=22 July 2013}}</ref> Bindra had earlier been recommended for the award in May 2013 by the [[National Rifle Association of India]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sports.ndtv.com/othersports/othersports/207727-national-rifle-association-of-india-recommends-abhinav-bindra-for-bharat-ratna|title=National Rifle Association of India recommends Abhinav Bindra for Bharat Ratna|publisher=NDTV Sports|date=13 May 2013|agency=Press Trust of India|accessdate=19 May 2014|location=New Delhi|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020171218/http://sports.ndtv.com/shooting/news/207727-national-rifle-association-of-india-recommends-abhinav-bindra-for-bharat-ratna|archivedate=20 October 2014}}</ref> In July 2013, the ministry again recommended Dhyan Chand.<ref name="dc1"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Sports-ministry-recommended-Dhyan-Chand-for-Bharat-Ratna/articleshow/30352166.cms|title=Sports ministry recommended Dhyan Chand for Bharat Ratna|newspaper=The Times of India|author=Shukla, Neha|date=13 February 2014|accessdate=19 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020172853/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Sports-ministry-recommended-Dhyan-Chand-for-Bharat-Ratna/articleshow/30352166.cms|archivedate=20 October 2014}}</ref> However, in November 2013, cricketer [[Sachin Tendulkar]] became the first sports-person to receive the honour and this garnered much criticism for the government.<ref name="sachin"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/i-have-no-hope-of-bharat-ratna-for-dhyan-chand-now-ashok-kumar/15070023|title=I have no hope of Bharat Ratna for Dhyan Chand now: Ashok Kumar|publisher=Mid Day|date=5 February 2014|accessdate=22 August 2015|location=Mumbai|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912063552/http://www.mid-day.com/articles/i-have-no-hope-of-bharat-ratna-for-dhyan-chand-now-ashok-kumar/15070023|archivedate=12 September 2014|author=Ferro, Ashwin}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/the-govt-should-do-away-with-the-concept-of-bharat-ratna-shivanand-tiwari-manu-shankar/20131119.htm|title='Dhyan Chand deserved Bharat Ratna more than Sachin'|publisher=Rediff.com|accessdate=19 May 2014|date=19 November 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220959/http://www.rediff.com/cricket/report/the-govt-should-do-away-with-the-concept-of-bharat-ratna-shivanand-tiwari-manu-shankar/20131119.htm|archivedate=20 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}
* {{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/sachin%20tendulkar%20retires/bharat-ratna-if-sachin-tendulkar-deserves-it-then-why-not-dhyan-chand_773295.html|title=Bharat Ratna: If Sachin Tendulkar deserves it then why not Dhyan Chand?|publisher=Zee News|accessdate=19 May 2014|date=18 November 2013|author=Nagpal, Deepak|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822124437/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/cricket/sachin%20tendulkar%20retires/bharat-ratna-if-sachin-tendulkar-deserves-it-then-why-not-dhyan-chand_773295.html|archivedate=22 August 2015}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/blogs/just-not-cricket-why-did-sachin-get-bharat-ratna-before-dhyan-chand-1234809.html|title=Just not cricket: Why did Sachin get Bharat Ratna before Dhyan Chand?|publisher=Firstpost|accessdate=19 May 2014|date=17 November 2013|author=Mazoomdaar, Jay|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621025934/http://www.firstpost.com/blogs/just-not-cricket-why-did-sachin-get-bharat-ratna-before-dhyan-chand-1234809.html|archivedate=21 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}
</ref>
 
A PIL was filed in the [[Karnataka High Court]] where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. On 27 January 2014, a counsel appearing for the petitioner noted that after multiple representations from the petitioner, they were provided with the information under [[Right to Information Act, 2005|RTI]] that the recommendations to confer the award on Gandhi have been received multiple times in the past and were forwarded to the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]]. A [[Division bench]] comprising [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justice]] D.H. Waghela and Justice B.V. Nagarathna dismissed the petition stating that the subject is not amenable to any adjudication process and the nominations and conferment process is stated to be informal and in the discretion of the highest authority in the Government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bharat-ratna-for-mahatma-gandhi/article5623953.ece|title=Bharat Ratna for Mahatma Gandhi?|date=28 January 2014|accessdate=7 November 2015|location=Bangalore|newspaper=The Hindu|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516150846/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bharat-ratna-for-mahatma-gandhi/article5623953.ece|archivedate=16 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=MGBR>{{cite web|url=http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/bitstream/123456789/921146/1/WP3149-14-27-01-2014.pdf|title=Union of India Vs. Manjunath|date=27 January 2014|accessdate=7 November 2015|publisher=High Court of Karnataka|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107160359/http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/bitstream/123456789/921146/1/WP3149-14-27-01-2014.pdf|archivedate=7 November 2015}}
* {{cite web|url=http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/handle/123456789/921146?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record|title=High Court of Karnataka: WP 3149/2014|date=27 January 2014|accessdate=7 November 2015|publisher=High Court of Karnataka|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624040914/http://judgmenthck.kar.nic.in/judgments/handle/123456789/921146?mode=full&submit_simple=Show+full+item+record|archivedate=24 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
== భారతరత్న పురస్కారం పొందిన వారి జాబితా<ref name="recp54-15">{{cite web|title=List of recipients of Bharat Ratna (1954–2015)|url=http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/RecipientsBR_140515.pdf|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|accessdate=11 September 2015|format=PDF|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209002846/http://mha.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/RecipientsBR_140515.pdf|archivedate=9 February 2018|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ==
"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/భారతరత్న" నుండి వెలికితీశారు