రొమేనియా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 320:
==ఆర్ధికరంగం ==
[[File:Dacia Duster Salon de l'Auto.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dacia Duster]] concept at the [[Geneva Motor Show]] (2009).]]
In 2016, Romania had a GDP (PPP) of around $441.601 billion and a [[List of countries by GDP per capita (PPP)|GDP per capita]] ([[purchasing power parity|PPP]]) of $22,348.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=24&pr1.y=9&c=968&s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-04-21 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010095227/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=24&pr1.y=9&c=968&s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |archivedate=10 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}, [[IMF]] World Economic Outlook Database, April 2017</ref> According to the [[World Bank]], Romania is an upper-middle income country economy.<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/?locations=RO-XT World Bank – Data for Romania 2016] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010142627/https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=RO-XT |date=10 October 2017 }}</ref> According to [[Eurostat]], Romania's GDP per capita (PPS) was at 59% of the EU average in 2016, an increase from 41% in 2007 (the year of Romania's accession to the EU), making Romania one of the fastest growing economies in the EU.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/GDP_per_capita,_consumption_per_capita_and_price_level_indices |title=GDP per capita, consumption per capita and price level indices |accessdate=13 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702200346/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/GDP_per_capita,_consumption_per_capita_and_price_level_indices |archivedate=2 July 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
2016 లో రోమానియా జి.డి.పి. $ 441.601 బిలియన్ల (పి.పి.పి) మరియు తలసరి జి.డి.పి. (పి.పి.పి.) $ 22,348.
After 1989 the country experienced a decade of economic instability and decline, led in part by an obsolete industrial base and a lack of structural reform. From 2000 onward, however, the Romanian economy was transformed into one of relative [[macroeconomic]] stability, characterized by high growth, low unemployment and declining inflation. In 2006, according to the [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|Romanian Statistics Office]], GDP growth in real terms was recorded at 7.7%, one of the highest rates in Europe.<ref>{{cite web|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|format=PDF|title=GDP in 2006|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=10 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015144/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, a recession following the [[global financial crisis of 2008–2009]] forced the government to borrow externally, including an [[IMF]] €20bn bailout program.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/business/global/02romecon.html nytimes.com: "Romania to Get Next Installment of Bailout" 1 Nov 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231183017/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/business/global/02romecon.html |date=31 December 2016 }}</ref> GDP has been growing by over 2% each year since.<ref name="Eurostat – Real GDP growth rate">{{cite web|url=http://www.ziare.com/articole/crestere+economica+romania+2014|title=Veste excelenta pentru Romania de la Banca Mondiala (Video)|accessdate=11 June 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618095328/http://www.ziare.com/articole/crestere+economica+romania+2014|archivedate=18 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to [[The World Bank]], the GDP per capita [[purchasing power parity]] grew from $13,442 in 2007 to an estimated $22,124 in 2015.<ref name="INSSE Jan 2017">{{cite press release |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/somaj_bim_ian17e.pdf |format=PDF |title=In January 2017, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was estimated at 5.4% |language= |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|National Institute of Statistics]] |date=31 January 2017 |accessdate=9 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114812/http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/somaj_bim_ian17e.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Romania still has one of the lowest net average monthly wage in the EU of €540 in 2016,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cs12e16.pdf |title=Average gross earnings in Romania |date=16 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113855/http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cs12e16.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and an inflation of −1.1% in 2016.<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|title=Eurostat, HICP – monthly data (12-month average rate of change)|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=5 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114746/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|archivedate=5 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Unemployment in Romania is at 5.4% in 2017, which is very low compared to other EU countries.<ref name="INSSE Jan 2017" />
<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=24&pr1.y=9&c=968&s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-04-21 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010095227/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2022&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=24&pr1.y=9&c=968&s=PPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |archivedate=10 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}, [[IMF]] World Economic Outlook Database, April 2017</ref> ప్రపంచ బ్యాంకు ప్రకారం రొమేనియా అనేది ఎగువ మధ్యతరగతి ఆదాయం కలిగిన దేశ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థగా వర్గీకరించబడింది.
<ref>[http://data.worldbank.org/?locations=RO-XT World Bank – Data for Romania 2016] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010142627/https://data.worldbank.org/?locations=RO-XT |date=10 October 2017 }}</ref> యూరోస్టాట్ ప్రకారం, రోమానియా తలసరి జి.డి.పి. (పీఎస్పీ) 2016 లో యు.యూ సగటు 59% ఉంది. 2007 లో 41% (రోమానియాయు.యూ కి చేరిన సంవత్సరం) నుండి పెరిగింది. యు.యూలో రోమానియాలో అత్యంత వేగంగా అభివృద్ధి చెందుతున్న ఆర్థికవ్యవస్థలలో ఒకటి.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/GDP_per_capita,_consumption_per_capita_and_price_level_indices |title=GDP per capita, consumption per capita and price level indices |accessdate=13 June 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702200346/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/GDP_per_capita,_consumption_per_capita_and_price_level_indices |archivedate=2 July 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
[[File:EU Single Market.svg|thumb|Romania is part of the [[European Single Market|EU single market]].]]
 
ఇది పారిశ్రామిక స్థావరం లోటు మరియు నిర్మాణాత్మక సంస్కరణలు లేని కారణంగా 1989 తరువాత దేశంలో ఒక దశాబ్దం ఆర్థిక అస్థిరత మరియు క్షీణత చోటుచేసుకుంది. అయితే 2000 నుండి రోమేనియన్ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థ స్థూల ఆర్థిక స్థిరత్వాన్ని మార్చింది. ఇది అధిక వృద్ధి, నిరుద్యోగం తక్కువ చేయడం మరియు ద్రవ్యోల్బణం తరుగుదలకు దారితీసింది. 2006 లో రోమేనియన్ స్టాటిస్టిక్స్ ఆఫీస్ ప్రకారం వాస్తవంగా జి.డి.పి. పెరుగుదల 7.7% వద్ద నమోదైంది. ఇది ఐరోపాలో అత్యధిక స్థాయిలో ఒకటి.<ref>{{cite web|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|format=PDF|title=GDP in 2006|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=10 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015144/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Industrial output growth reached 6.5% year-on-year in February 2013, the highest in the EU-27.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130417223746/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/4-12042013-AP/EN/4-12042013-AP-EN.PDF Industrial production up by 0.4% in euro area and EU27|Eurostat]. Eurostat (12 April 2013). Retrieved on 13 May 2013.</ref> The largest local companies include car maker [[Automobile Dacia]], [[Petrom]], [[Rompetrol]], [[Ford Romania]], [[Electrica]], [[Romgaz]], [[RCS & RDS]] and [[Banca Transilvania]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Chirileasa |first=Andrei |url=http://www.romania-insider.com/top-20-companies-in-romania-by-turnover/124291/ |title=Top 20 companies in Romania by turnover |publisher=Romania-Insider.com |date=9 June 2014 |accessdate=15 August 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612001600/http://www.romania-insider.com/top-20-companies-in-romania-by-turnover/124291/ |archivedate=12 June 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Exports have increased substantially in the past few years, with a 13% annual rise in exports in 2010. Romania's main exports are cars, software, clothing and textiles, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic products, raw materials, military equipment, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers). Trade is mostly centered on the member states of the European Union, with Germany and Italy being the country's single largest trading partners. The account balance in 2012 was estimated to be −4.52% of the GDP.<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=77&pr1.y=1&c=968&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR&grp=0&a=|title=IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011 – Central and Eastern Europe|date=April 2011|publisher=IMF|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015040029/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=77&pr1.y=1&c=968&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR&grp=0&a=|archivedate=15 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
After ఏదేమైనా 19892008-2009 theప్రపంచ countryఆర్థిక experiencedసంక్షోభం aనేపథ్యంలో decadeమాంద్యం of economic instability and decline, led in part by an obsolete industrial base and a lack of structuralప్రభుత్వం reform. From 2000 onward, however, the Romanian economy was transformed into one of relative [[macroeconomic]] stability, characterized by high growth, low unemployment and declining inflationఎం. In 2006, according to the [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|Romanian Statistics Office]], GDP growth in real terms was recorded at 7ఎఫ్.7%, oneబెయిల్ ofఔట్ the highest20 ratesబిలియన్లు in Europe.<ref>{{citeబాహ్యంగా web|language=Romanian|url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|format=PDF|title=GDP in 2006|publisher=Romanian National Institute of Statistics|accessdate=10 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216015144/http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/pib/pibr06.pdf|archivedate=16 February 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> However, a recession following the [[global financial crisis of 2008–2009]] forced the government to borrow externally, including an [[IMF]]ఋణం €20bnతీసుకొనేలా bailoutవత్తిడి programచేసింది.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/business/global/02romecon.html nytimes.com: "Romania to Get Next Installment of Bailout" 1 Nov 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231183017/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/business/global/02romecon.html |date=31 December 2016 }}</ref> GDPప్రతి hasసంవత్సరం beenనుండి growing by overజి.డి.పి. 2% each yearపైగా sinceపెరుగుతోంది.<ref name="Eurostat – Real GDP growth rate">{{cite web|url=http://www.ziare.com/articole/crestere+economica+romania+2014|title=Veste excelenta pentru Romania de la Banca Mondiala (Video)|accessdate=11 June 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618095328/http://www.ziare.com/articole/crestere+economica+romania+2014|archivedate=18 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Accordingప్రపంచ toబ్యాంకు [[The World Bank]]ప్రకారం, theతలసరి GDPకొనుగోలు perశక్తి capitaజి.డి.పి. [[purchasing2007 powerలో parity]]$ grew from $13,442 inనుండి 20072015 toలో an$ estimated $22,124 inగా 2015అంచనా వేయబడింది.<ref name="INSSE Jan 2017">{{cite press release |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/somaj_bim_ian17e.pdf |format=PDF |title=In January 2017, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was estimated at 5.4% |language= |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|National Institute of Statistics]] |date=31 January 2017 |accessdate=9 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114812/http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/somaj_bim_ian17e.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Romania2016 stillలో hasయూరోపియన్ oneయూనియన్లో ofరోమానియా theఅత్యల్ప lowestసగటు netనెలకు averageసగటు monthlyవేతనంగా wage in540 theపరిస్థితి EUఇప్పటికీ of €540 in 2016,ఉంది.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cs12e16.pdf |title=Average gross earnings in Romania |date=16 March 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305113855/http://www.insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cs12e16.pdf |archivedate=5 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> and an inflation of −1.1% in 2016.<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|title=Eurostat, HICP – monthly data (12-month average rate of change)|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=5 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114746/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|archivedate=5 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Unemployment in Romania is at 5.4% in 2017, which is very low compared to other EU countries.<ref name="INSSE Jan 2017" />
మరియు 2016 లో -1.1% ద్రవ్యోల్బణం.<ref name="Eurostat">{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|title=Eurostat, HICP – monthly data (12-month average rate of change)|publisher=Eurostat|accessdate=5 March 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305114746/http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=1&pcode=tec00118&language=en|archivedate=5 March 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> రోమానియాలో నిరుద్యోగం 2017 లో 5.4% వద్ద ఉంది. ఇది ఇతర యు.యూ దేశాలతో పోలిస్తే చాలా తక్కువగా ఉంది.<ref name="INSSE Jan 2017" />
 
[[File:EU Single Market.svg|thumb|రోమానియా అనేది EU సింగిల్ మార్కెట్లో భాగం]]
After a series of privatizations and reforms in the late 1990s and 2000s, government intervention in the Romanian economy is somewhat lower than in other European economies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Romania |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105155414/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Romania |dead-url=yes |archive-date= 5 January 2005 |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Romania |publisher=heritage.org |accessdate=31 August 2008 |df= }}</ref> In 2005, the government replaced Romania's [[progressive tax]] system with a [[flat tax]] of 16% for both personal income and corporate profit, among the lowest rates in the European Union.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628064604/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 June 2007|format=PDF|title=Taxation trends in the EU|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|date=26 June 2007|accessdate=31 August 2008}}</ref> The economy is predominantly based on services, which account for 51% of GDP, even though industry and agriculture also have significant contributions, making up 36% and 13% of GDP, respectively. Additionally, 30% of the Romanian population was employed in 2006 in agriculture and primary production, one of the highest rates in Europe.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|title=Romania|publisher=CIA World Factbook|year=2010|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501072844/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|archivedate=1 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
ఫిబ్రవరిలో పారిశ్రామిక ఉత్పత్తి వృద్ధిరేటు 6.5% చేరుకుంది, యు.యూ 27 లో ఇది అత్యధికం.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130417223746/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/4-12042013-AP/EN/4-12042013-AP-EN.PDF Industrial production up by 0.4% in euro area and EU27|Eurostat]. Eurostat (12 April 2013). Retrieved on 13 May 2013.</ref> అతిపెద్ద స్థానిక కంపెనీలు కార్ల తయారీలో ఆటోమొబైల్ డేసియా, పెట్రోమ్, రోమ్పెట్రోల్, ఫోర్డ్ రోమానియా, ఎలక్ట్రిటా, రోమ్గజ్, ఆర్.సి.ఎస్.& ఆర్.డి.ఎస్ మరియు బాంకా ట్రాన్స్నివానియా ఉన్నాయి.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chirileasa |first=Andrei |url=http://www.romania-insider.com/top-20-companies-in-romania-by-turnover/124291/ |title=Top 20 companies in Romania by turnover |publisher=Romania-Insider.com |date=9 June 2014 |accessdate=15 August 2014 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612001600/http://www.romania-insider.com/top-20-companies-in-romania-by-turnover/124291/ |archivedate=12 June 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> ఎగుమతులు గత కొన్ని సంవత్సరాల్లో గణనీయంగా పెరిగాయి. 2010 లో ఎగుమతులు 13% పెరిగాయి. రోమానియా ప్రధాన ఎగుమతులు కార్లు, సాఫ్ట్వేర్, దుస్తులు మరియు వస్త్రాలు, పారిశ్రామిక యంత్రాలు, విద్యుత్ మరియు ఎలక్ట్రానిక్ పరికరాలు, లోహశోధన ఉత్పత్తులు, ముడి పదార్థాలు, సైనిక పరికరాలు, ఫార్మాస్యూటికల్స్, ఫైన్ కెమికల్స్, మరియు వ్యవసాయ ఉత్పత్తులు (పండ్లు, కూరగాయలు, పువ్వులు)ప్రాధాన్యత వహిస్తున్నాయి. వాణిజ్యం ఎక్కువగా యూరోపియన్ యూనియన్ సభ్య దేశాలపై కేంద్రీకృతమై ఉంది. [[జర్మనీ]] మరియు [[ఇటలీ]] దేశం అతి పెద్ద వ్యాపార భాగస్వాములుగా ఉన్నాయి. 2012 లో ఖాతా సంతులనం జి.డి.పి.లో -4.52% గా అంచనా వేయబడింది.
Since 2000, Romania has attracted increasing amounts of foreign investment, becoming the single largest investment destination in Southeastern and Central Europe. [[Foreign direct investment]] was valued at €8.3&nbsp;billion in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalino.it/nuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20346 |title=Romania: FDI reached over EUR 8.3 bn |accessdate=31 August 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928125042/http://www.portalino.it/nuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20346 |archivedate=28 September 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> According to a 2011 [[World Bank]] report, Romania currently ranks 72nd out of 175 economies in the ease of doing business, scoring lower than other countries in the region such as the [[Czech Republic]].<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/EconomyRankings/|title=Economy Ranking|work=Doing Business|year=2007|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=31 August 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915084658/http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/|archivedate=15 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Additionally, a study in 2006 judged it to be the world's second-fastest economic reformer (after [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]).<ref>{{cite report|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21041782~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308173737/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21041782~pagePK%3A64257043~piPK%3A437376~theSitePK%3A4607%2C00.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date= 8 March 2007 |title=Doing Business 2007 Report |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=31 August 2008 |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="imf.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=77&pr1.y=1&c=968&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR&grp=0&a=|title=IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011 – Central and Eastern Europe|date=April 2011|publisher=IMF|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015040029/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=77&pr1.y=1&c=968&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPCPIPCH%2CLUR&grp=0&a=|archivedate=15 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
1990 ల మరియు 2000 ల చివరిలో ప్రైవేటీకరణ మరియు సంస్కరణల పరంపర తరువాత, రోమేనియన్ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థలో ప్రభుత్వ జోక్యం ఇతర ఐరోపా ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థల కంటే కొంత తక్కువగా ఉంది.
After a series of privatizations and reforms in the late 1990s and 2000s, government intervention in the Romanian economy is somewhat lower than in other European economies.
 
Since 1867 the official currency has been the [[Romanian leu|Romanian ''leu'']] ("lion") and following a denomination in 2005, it has been valued at €0.2–0.3. After joining the EU in 2007, Romania is expected to adopt the [[Euro]] sometime around 2020.<ref name=EUROENTRY>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0434en01.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071025023219/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0434en01.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 October 2007 |format=PDF |title=Fifth Report on the Practical Preparations for the Future Enlargement of the Euro Area |date=16 July 2007 |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |accessdate=31 May 2013 |df= }}</ref>
 
After a series of privatizations and reforms in the late 1990s and 2000s, government intervention in the Romanian economy is somewhat lower than in other European economies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Romania |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050105155414/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Romania |dead-url=yes |archive-date= 5 January 2005 |title=Index of Economic Freedom: Romania |publisher=heritage.org |accessdate=31 August 2008 |df= }}</ref> In 2005, theలో governmentరోమేనియన్ replacedప్రగతిశీల Romania'sపన్ను [[progressiveవ్యవస్థను tax]]వ్యక్తిగత systemఆదాయం withమరియు aకార్పొరేట్ [[flatలాభం tax]]రెండింటి ofకొరకు ఫ్లాట్ టాక్స్ 16% forయూరోపియన్ bothయూనియన్‌లో personalఅత్యల్పం incomeభావించబడింది. and corporate profit, among the lowest rates in the European Union.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628064604/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PGP_PRD_CAT_PREREL/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007/PGE_CAT_PREREL_YEAR_2007_MONTH_06/2-26062007-EN-AP.PDF|dead-url=yes|archive-date=28 June 2007|format=PDF|title=Taxation trends in the EU|publisher=[[Eurostat]]|date=26 June 2007|accessdate=31 August 2008}}</ref> Theపరిశ్రమలు economyమరియు isవ్యవసాయాలలో predominantlyగణనీయమైన basedఅభివృద్ధి onసాధించింది. services,జి.డి.పి whichవరుసగా account36% forమరియు 5113% ofఉండగా. GDP,ఆర్ధికంగా evenప్రధానంగా thoughసేవల industryమీద andఆధారపడి agricultureఉంటుంది. alsoఇది haveజి.డి.పి.లో significant contributions, making up 3651%. andఅదనంగా 13%2006 ofలో GDP, respectively.రొమేనియన్ Additionally,జనాభాలో 30% ofమంది theవ్యవసాయం Romanianమరియు populationప్రాధమిక wasఉత్పత్తిలో employedపనిచేశారు. inఐరోపాలో 2006ఇది inఅత్యధిక agriculture and primary production, one of the highest rates inస్థాయిలో Europeఒకటి.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|title=Romania|publisher=CIA World Factbook|year=2010|accessdate=27 April 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501072844/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ro.html|archivedate=1 May 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
At 1 July 2015, Romanian's external debt was €90.59 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title = Banca Națională a României|url = http://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=10616|website = bnr.ro|accessdate = 29 September 2015|deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930005458/http://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=10616|archivedate = 30 September 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
 
Since 2000, Romaniaనుండి hasరొమేనియా attractedవిదేశీ increasingపెట్టుబడులను amountsఅధిక ofసంఖ్యలో foreignఆకర్షించింది. investment,తూర్పు becomingమరియు theమధ్య singleఐరోపాలో largestఒకే investmentఅతిపెద్ద destinationపెట్టుబడుల inకేంద్రంగా Southeasternఉంది. and2006 Centralలో Europe.విదేశీ [[Foreignప్రత్యక్ష directపెట్టుబడుల investment]]విలువ was valued at €88.3&nbsp;billion inబిలియన్లు 2006ఉంది.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalino.it/nuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20346 |title=Romania: FDI reached over EUR 8.3 bn |accessdate=31 August 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928125042/http://www.portalino.it/nuke/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=20346 |archivedate=28 September 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref> According to aఒక 2011 [[Worldప్రపంచ Bank]]బ్యాంకు report,నివేదిక Romaniaప్రకారం currentlyరోమానియా ranksప్రస్తుతం 72nd out ofజర్మనీలో 175 economiesదేశాలలో in72 the easeస్థానంలో of doing business, scoring lower thanఉంది. otherచెక్ countriesరిపబ్లిక్ inవంటి theప్రాంతంలోని regionఇతర suchదేశాల asకంటే theఇది [[Czechతక్కువగా Republic]]ఉంది.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/EconomyRankings/|title=Economy Ranking|work=Doing Business|year=2007|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=31 August 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915084658/http://www.doingbusiness.org/economyrankings/|archivedate=15 September 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Additionally, a study inఅంతేకాకుండా 2006 judgedలో itఒక toఅధ్యయనం beదీనిని theప్రపంచంలో world'sరెండో second-fastestవేగవంతమైన economicఆర్థిక reformerసంస్కర్త (afterజార్జియా [[Georgiaతర్వాత) (country)|Georgia]])గా నిర్ణయించింది.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21041782~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308173737/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21041782~pagePK%3A64257043~piPK%3A437376~theSitePK%3A4607%2C00.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date= 8 March 2007 |title=Doing Business 2007 Report |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=31 August 2008 |df= }}</ref>
 
Since 1867 theనుండి officialఅధికారిక currencyద్రవ్యం hasరోమేనియన్ been the [[Romanian leu|Romanian ''leu'']]లియు ("lionసింహం") andమరియు following2005 aలో denominationఒక inవర్గీకరణ 2005, it has beenతరువాత valuedఅది at €00.2–02-0.3. Afterవిలువతో joiningఉంది. the2007 EUలో inయు.యూ 2007,లో Romaniaచేరిన isతరువాత expectedరోమానియా to2020 adoptనాటికి theయురోను [[Euro]]దత్తత sometimeతీసుకుంటుంది. around 2020.<ref name=EUROENTRY>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0434en01.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20071025023219/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/site/en/com/2007/com2007_0434en01.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 October 2007 |format=PDF |title=Fifth Report on the Practical Preparations for the Future Enlargement of the Euro Area |date=16 July 2007 |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |accessdate=31 May 2013 |df= }}</ref>
 
Atజులై 1 July, 2015, Romanian'sజూలై 1 నాటికి రోమేనియన్ externalవిదేశీ debtరుణం was €9090.59 billionబిలియన్లు.<ref>{{cite web|title = Banca Națională a României|url = http://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=10616|website = bnr.ro|accessdate = 29 September 2015|deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150930005458/http://bnr.ro/page.aspx?prid=10616|archivedate = 30 September 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref>
 
===మౌలికనిర్మాణాలు ===
"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/రొమేనియా" నుండి వెలికితీశారు