డెన్మార్క్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 364:
[[నార్వే]] మరియు స్వీడన్లతో డెన్మార్క్ స్కాండినేవియన్ ఎయిర్ లైన్స్ ఫ్లాగ్ క్యారియర్లో భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తుంది. కోపెన్హాగన్ విమానాశ్రయం స్కాండినేవియా అత్యంత రద్దీగల ప్రయాణీకుల విమానాశ్రయాలుగా ఉన్నాయి. ఇది 2014 లో 25 మిలియన్ ప్రయాణీకులను నిర్వహించింది.
<ref name="cph">{{cite web|title=Group Annual Report 2014|url=https://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616072050/http://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 June 2015|website=cph.dk|publisher=Copenhagen Airports A/S|accessdate=19 August 2015|format=PDF|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ఇతర ముఖ్యమైన విమానాశ్రయములలో బిల్యుండ్ ఎయిర్ పోర్ట్, ఆల్బోర్గ్ ఎయిర్పోర్ట్ మరియు ఆర్ఫస్ ఎయిర్పోర్ట్ ప్రాధాన్యత వహిస్తున్నాయి.
== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Denmark}}
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Population by ancestry (Q1 2016)<ref name="pop1" />
|label1 = People of Danish origin
|value1= 88.67
|color1= DarkBlue
|label2 = Immigrant
|value2 = 9.47
|color2 = DarkGray
|label3 = Descendant of an immigrant
|value3 = 2.86
|color3 = MediumBlue
}}
 
The population of Denmark, as defined by [[Statistics Denmark]], was estimated in {{As of|2017|01|01|alt=January 2017}} to be 5,748,769.<ref name="pop1" /> The [[median]] age is 41.4 years, with 0.97 males per female. The [[total fertility rate]] is 1.73 children born per woman; despite the low birth rate, the population is still growing at an average annual rate of 0.22%.<ref name="factbook" /> The [[World Happiness Report]] frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.<ref name="happiness">{{cite web|editor1-last=Helliwell |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Layard |editor2-first=Richard |editor3-last=Sachs |editor3-first=Jeffrey |editor3-link=Jeffrey Sachs |title=World Happiness Report 2016 |url=http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |publisher=Sustainable Development Solutions Network |accessdate=17 March 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318091325/http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |archivedate=18 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name=Earth_Institute_2013>Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey [http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf World Happiness Report]. ''[[The Earth Institute]]'' at [[Columbia University]], p. 8. See also: [http://unsdsn.org/files/2013/09/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf World Happiness Report 2013], p. 23.; [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/22/denmark-happiest-country_n_4070761.html?ncid=txtlnkushpmg00000029&ir=Business Denmark Is Considered The Happiest Country. You'll Never Guess Why.] ''[[Huffington Post]].'' 22 October 2013.</ref><ref name="BruceStokes">Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). [https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/the-happiest-countries-in-the-world/240103/ The Happiest Countries in the World]. ''[[The Atlantic]].'' Retrieved 20 September 2013</ref> This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and [[Health care in Denmark|health care]] systems,<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |title=Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1 August 2006 |accessdate=5 May 2009 |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309234926/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |archivedate=9 March 2009 }}</ref> and its low level of [[income inequality]].<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref>
 
Denmark is an historically [[Homogeneity (statistics)|homogeneous]] nation. However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of [[net migration|net emigration]], up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, [[immigration to Denmark]] consists particularly of [[asylum seeker]]s and persons who arrive as family dependants.<ref name=migrants>{{cite web|title=Denmark: Integrating Immigrants into a Homogeneous Welfare State|url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/denmark-integrating-immigrants-homogeneous-welfare-state|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=24 August 2015}}</ref> In addition, Denmark annually receives a number of citizens from [[Western world|Western countries]], notably Nordic countries, the EU, and North America, who seek residency to work or study for a definite period of time. Recently, substantial numbers of workers—several tens of thousands—from the [[2004 enlargement of the European Union|new EU accession countries]], especially Poland and the Baltic nations, have arrived to perform menial labour in construction, agriculture, consumer industries, and cleaning.<ref name=migrants /> Overall, the net migration rate in 2015 was 2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population, comparable to the United Kingdom and well below other [[Northern Europe|North European]] countries, except the Baltic states.<ref name="factbook" /><ref>For comparisons and developments see: {{cite journal|url=http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|title=Denmark – Migration Profiles|publisher=UNICEF|date=2013|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See {{cite journal|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|title=Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective |publisher=OECD |pages=119–120 |date=21 October 2005|accessdate=5 January 2016}} for example.</ref>
 
There are no official statistics on [[ethnic group]]s, but according to 2016 figures from Statistics Denmark, approximately 86.9% of the population was of [[Danes|Danish]] descent, defined as having at least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship.<ref name="pop1">{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/FOLK1|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|accessdate=13 February 2017|quote=January 2017}}</ref><ref group=N name="denonly group=N">This data is for Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]] only. For data relevant to [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] see their respective articles.</ref> The remaining 13.1% were of a foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were [[Poles|Poland]], [[Demographics of Turkey|Turkey]], [[Germans|Germany]], [[Iraqis|Iraq]], [[Romanians|Romania]], [[Syrians|Syria]], [[Somalis|Somalia]], [[Demographics of Iran|Iran]], [[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], and [[Balkans|Balkan]] states.<ref name="pop1" />
 
{{Largest cities of Denmark}}
{{clear}}
 
=== Languages ===
{{Main|Languages of Denmark}}
[[Danish language|Danish]] is the ''de facto'' [[national language]] of Denmark.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |year=2009 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International. |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn= 978-1-55671-216-6 |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref> [[German language|German]] is a recognised [[minority language]] in the area of the former [[South Jutland County]] (now part of the [[Region of Southern Denmark]]), which was part of the German Empire prior to the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Danish and Faroese belong to the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] (Nordic) branch of the [[Indo-European languages]], along with [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="language">{{cite web|title=Language|url=http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|publisher=The Nordic Council|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref> There is a limited degree of [[North Germanic languages#Mutual intelligibility|mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish]]. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the [[Eskimo–Aleut languages]]; it is closely related to the [[Inuit languages]] in Canada, such as [[Inuktitut]], and entirely unrelated to Danish.<ref name="language" />
 
A large majority (86%) of Danes speak [[English language|English]] as a second language,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|work=[[Eurobarometer]]|publisher=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=22 May 2014|date=February 2006}}</ref> generally with a high level of [[language proficiency|proficiency]]. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Denmark had 25,900 [[first language|native speakers]] of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<ref name="Ethnologue" />
 
=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Denmark}}
[[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2017, 75.9%<ref name="church stats" /> of the population of Denmark were members of the [[Church of Denmark]] ({{lang|da|Den Danske Folkekirke}}), the [[state religion|officially established]] church, which is [[Protestant]] in classification and [[Lutheran]] in orientation.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</ref><ref group="N">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] became an independent body in 2007.</ref> This is down 1.0% compared to the year earlier and 1.9% down compared to two years earlier. Despite the high membership figures, only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<ref name="report 2009">{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm |title=Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |year=2009 |work=International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx |title=Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews |last=Manchin |first= Robert |date=21 September 2004 |work=Gallup Poll |publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<ref name="gallup-religiosity-poor-nations">{{cite web|last1=Crabtree|first1=Steve|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|publisher=Gallup|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref>
 
{| class="wikitable infobox" style="width: 250px; margin-right: 0; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Church of Denmark'''
|-
! year !! population !! members !! percentage
|-
| 1990 || 5,135,409 || 4,584,450 || 89.3%
|-
| 2000 || 5,330,500 || 4,536,422 || 85.1%
|-
| 2005 || 5,413,600 || 4,498,703 || 83.3%
|-
| 2010 || 5,534,738 || 4,479,214 || 80.9%
|-
| 2015 || 5,659,715 || 4,400,754 || 77.8%
|-
| 2016 || 5,707,251 || 4,387,571 || 76.9%
|-
| 2017 || 5,748,769 || 4,361,518 || 75.9%
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;" | <small>Statistical data: 1984,<ref>[http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/Nyt/2002/NR226.pdf Church membership 1984] Danmarks statistik {{da icon}}</ref> 1990–2017,<ref name="church stats">{{cite web|url=http://www.km.dk/folkekirken/kirkestatistik/folkekirkens-medlemstal/|title=Folkekirkens medlemstal|website=www.km.dk}}</ref> Source: Kirkeministeriet</small>
|}
 
[[File:Roskilde Cathedral aerial.jpg|thumb|left|[[Roskilde Cathedral]] has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a [[World Heritage Site]].]]
The [[Constitution of Denmark|Constitution]] states that a member of the [[Danish Royal Family|Royal Family]] must be a member of the Church of Denmark, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] – Part II – Section 6 .</ref><ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."</ref><ref name=FoR>[http://www.km.dk/fileadmin/share/Trossamfund/Freedom_of_religion.pdf Freedom of religion and religious communities in Denmark] – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006</ref> In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: [[Roman Catholicism in Denmark|Roman Catholicism]], [[Reformed Synod of Denmark|the Reformed Church]] and [[History of the Jews in Denmark|Judaism]],<ref name=FoR /> although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by [[royal decree]]. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.<ref name=FoR /> [[Islam in Denmark|Denmark's Muslims]] make up approximately 3.7% of the population and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.<ref name="report 2009" /><ref name="muslimpopulation">[http://www.muslimpopulation.com/pdf/Denmark_Countryprofile_Euro_Islam.pdf Denmark country profile]- ''[Euro-Islam.info]'' and ''Muslimpopulation.com'' – Retrieved 8 June 2012.</ref> The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |title=Religion in Denmark |accessdate=8 February 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208030036/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |archivedate=8 February 2006 |df=dmy }} – From the [[Danish Foreign Ministry]]. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.</ref>
 
According to a 2010 [[Eurobarometer]] Poll,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204 |others=Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archivedate=15 December 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> 28% of Danish citizens polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe [[Jesus]] is the [[son of God]], and 18% believe he is the [[Redeemer (Christianity)|saviour]] of the world.<ref>Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, [http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus ''Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225060504/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus |date=25 December 2009 }} (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 {{da icon}}</ref>
 
{{clear left}}
 
=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Denmark}}
[[File:Københavns universitet lektionskatalog 1537.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the [[University of Copenhagen]]]]
[[File:The Black Diamond (Royal Library), Copenhagen.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Royal Danish Library]] in Copenhagen]]
 
All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the [[Education Minister of Denmark|Ministry of Education]] and administered by local municipalities. ''[[Danish Folkeskole Education|Folkeskole]]'' covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing [[primary school|primary]] and lower [[secondary school|secondary education]].<ref name="edu">{{cite web|title=Overview of the Danish Education System|url=http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111062215/http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|dead-url=yes|archive-date=11 January 2012|publisher=Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality|accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref> Most children attend ''folkeskole'' for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to go to a test when finishing [[ninth grade]] (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Pupils can alternatively attend an [[independent school]] ({{lang|da|friskole}}), or a private school ({{lang|da|privatskole}}), such as [[Christian school]]s or [[Waldorf education|Waldorf schools]].
 
Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the [[Gymnasium (Denmark)|Gymnasium (STX)]] attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, [[Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX)]] focuses on scientific subjects and the [[Higher Commercial Examination Programme]] emphasises on subjects in economics. [[Higher Preparatory Examination (HF)]] is similar to ''Gymnasium (STX)'', but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is [[Vocational secondary education in Denmark|vocational education]], training young people for work in specific [[trade (occupation)|trades]] by a combination of teaching and [[apprenticeship]].
 
The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and [[tertiary education|tertiary]] enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education Policy Outlook: Denmark|url=https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|publisher=OECD|accessdate=27 April 2016|page=4}}</ref> All [[university]] and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as ''[[Student loans in Denmark|Statens Uddannelsesstøtte]] (SU)'', which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<ref>Rick Noack (4 February 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ Why Danish students are paid to go to college]. ''[[The Washington Post]].'' Retrieved 5 February 2015.</ref> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the [[English language]], the academic [[lingua franca]], in [[bachelor's degree]]s, [[master's degree]]s, [[doctorate]]s and [[student exchange program]]mes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://studyindenmark.dk/ |title=Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark}}</ref>
 
=== Health ===
{{See also|Health care in Denmark}}
 
{{As of|2015}}, Denmark has a [[life expectancy]] of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=20 August 2017|date=6 July 2016}}</ref> This [[List of countries by life expectancy|ranks it]] 27th among 193 nations, behind the other [[Nordic countries]]. The ''National Institute of Public Health'' of the [[University of Southern Denmark]] has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, [[drug abuse]] and [[Sedentary lifestyle|physical inactivity]].<ref name="health report">{{cite book|last=Brønnum-Hansen|first=Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik|title=Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report|date=2007|publisher=National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark|location=København|isbn=978-87-7899-123-2|url=http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> Although the [[Obesity by country|obesity rate]] is lower than in North America and most other European countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |title=Obesity – Adult prevalence |publisher=CIA Factbook |accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> the large number of Danes becoming [[overweight]] is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 1,625 million.<ref name="health report" /> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest [[List of OECD countries by cancer rate|cancer rate]] of all countries listed by the [[World Cancer Research Fund International]]; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy [[List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita|alcohol consumption]], [[Prevalence of tobacco consumption|smoking]] and physical inactivity.<ref>{{cite news|title = Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|work = The Daily Telegraph |location = London |accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Data for cancer frequency by country |url = http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|publisher=WCRF |date=2012|accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref>
 
Denmark has a [[universal health care|universal]] [[health care system]], characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. ''One'' of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}'') (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.<ref name=taxation1 /> Another source comes from the municipalities that had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most [[health care provider|health care provision]] is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary [[health insurance|private insurance]] to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as [[physiotherapy]].<ref name=commonwealth /> {{As of|2012}}, Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).<ref name=commonwealth>{{cite web|title=International Profiles of Health Care Systems |url=http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |publisher=The Commonwealth Fund |accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> This places Denmark above the [[OECD]] average and above the other Nordic countries.<ref name=commonwealth /><ref>{{cite web|title=Country Comparison :: Life Expectancy at Birth|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref>
 
==నైసర్గిక స్వరూపం==
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