వాటికన్ నగరం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 302:
2014 ఫిబ్రవై 24 న వాటికన్ ఆర్థిక వ్యవస్థ కోసం ఒక సెక్రటేరియట్ను స్థాపించిందని ప్రకటించింది. కార్డినల్ జార్జ్ పెల్ నేతృత్వంలో హోలీ సీ మరియు వాటికన్ సిటీ రాష్ట్రం ఆర్థిక నిర్వహణ కార్యక్రమాలకు బాధ్యత వహించాలని నిర్ణయించబడింది. ఇది నగదు బదిలీ నేరాలతో ఒక మోన్సిగ్నూర్‌తో సహా ఇద్దరు సీనియర్ మతాధికారుల ఛార్జింగ్ తరువాత జరిగింది. పోప్ ఫ్రాన్సిస్ ఎప్పుడైనా ఏదైనా ఏజెన్సీ యాదృచ్చిక తనిఖీలను నిర్వహించడానికి ఆడిటర్-జనరల్ను నియమించారు. అంతర్జాతీయ ద్రవ్య మార్పిడి విధానాలకు అనుగుణంగా నిర్ధారించడానికి వాటికన్ 19,000 ఖాతాలను సమీక్షించటానికి యు.ఎస్. ఆర్థిక సేవల సంస్థను నియమించారు. అపోస్టోలిక్ సీ పామిమోనియ పరిపాలన ప్రపంచంలోని ఇతర కేంద్ర బ్యాంకుల మాదిరిగానే వాటికన్ కేంద్ర బ్యాంకుగా ఉండాలని పాటిఫ్ కూడా ఆదేశించింది.<ref name="VaticanEconomicSecretariat">{{cite news|title=Vatican financial system restructuring begins with new secretariat|url=http://www.theitalynews.net/index.php/sid/220216280/scat/145bb158ac2f80f2/ht/Vatican-financial-system-restructuring-begins-with-new-secretariat|date=25 February 2014|publisher=The Italy News.Net}}</ref>
== Demographics ==
{{See also|Women in Vatican City}}
===Population and languages===
{{Further information|Languages of Vatican City}}
[[File:Seal of Vatican City.svg|thumb|right|The Seal of Vatican City. Note the use of the Italian language.]]
Almost all of Vatican City's more than 450<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/en/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |title=Vatican City State: Population|date= |year=2017 |website=Vatican City State |publisher=Presidency of the Governorate of Vatican City State |language=English |access-date=7 December 2017}}</ref> citizens either live inside the Vatican's walls or serve in the Holy See's [[List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See|diplomatic service]] in embassies (called "[[Apostolic Nunciature|nunciature]]"; a papal ambassador is a "nuncio") around the world. The Vatican citizenry consists almost entirely of two groups: clergy, most of whom work in the service of the Holy See, and a very few as officials of the state; and the Swiss Guard. Most of the 2,400 lay workers who comprise the majority of the Vatican workforce reside outside the Vatican and are citizens of Italy, while a few are citizens of other nations. As a result, all of the City's actual citizens are Catholic as are all the [[Place of worship|places of worship]].
Vatican City has no formally enacted [[official language]], but, unlike the Holy See which most often uses [[Latin]] for the authoritative version of its official documents, Vatican City uses only Italian in its legislation and official communications.<ref>Vatican City State appendix to the [[Acta Apostolicae Sedis]] is entirely in Italian.</ref> Italian is also the everyday language used by most of those who work in the state. In the [[Swiss Guard]], Swiss German is the language used for giving commands, but the individual guards take their oath of loyalty in their own languages: German, French, [[Romansh language|Romansh]] or Italian. Vatican City's official website languages are Italian, English, French, German, and Spanish. (This site should not be confused with that of the Holy See, which uses all these languages, along with Portuguese, with Latin since 9 May 2008 and Chinese since 18 March 2009.)
=== Citizenship ===
Unlike [[citizenship]] of other states, which is based either on ''[[jus sanguinis]]'' (birth from a citizen, even outside the state's territory) or on ''[[jus soli]]'' (birth within the territory of the state), citizenship of Vatican City is granted ''jus officii'', namely on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See. It usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is extended also to the spouse, parents and descendants of a citizen, provided they are living with the person who is a citizen.<ref>{{cite web |author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,VAT,3ae6b52f10,0.html |title=Law on Citizenship and Residence, 7 June 1992 |publisher=Unhcr.org |date=7 June 1992 |accessdate=15 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717160038/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/category,LEGAL,,LEGISLATION,VAT,3ae6b52f10,0.html |archivedate=17 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/cittadinanza_it.html |title=Cittadinanza vaticana |publisher=Vatican.va |date=31 December 2001 |accessdate=15 October 2010}}</ref> The [[Holy See]], not being a country, issues only diplomatic and service passports, whereas Vatican City issues normal passports for its citizens.
Anyone who loses Vatican citizenship and does not possess other citizenship automatically becomes an [[Italian citizenship|Italian citizen]] as provided in the Lateran Treaty.<ref name="treaty"/>
As of 31 December 2005, there were, apart from the Pope himself, 557 people with Vatican citizenship, while there were 246 residents in the state who did not have its citizenship.
Of the 557 citizens, 74% were clergy:
* 58 [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]], resident in Rome, mostly outside the Vatican;
* 293 clergy, members of the Holy See's diplomatic missions, resident in other countries, and forming well over half the total of the citizens;
* 62 other clergy, working but not necessarily living in the Vatican.
The 101 members of the [[Pontifical Swiss Guard]] constituted 18% of the total, and there were only 55 other lay persons with Vatican citizenship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/sp_ss_scv/informazione_generale/cittadini-vaticani_en.html|title=Vatican citizenship|accessdate=3 December 2006|publisher=Holy See Press Office}}</ref><ref name=LawNowAllows/>
On 22 February 2011, Pope Benedict XVI promulgated a new "Law concerning citizenship, residency and access" to Vatican City, which became effective on 1 March. It replaced the 1929 "Law concerning citizenship and residence".<ref>{{cite web|title=Law on Citizenship, Residency and Access to the Vatican|date=1 March 2011|publisher=VIS – Vatican Information Service|url=http://visnews-en.blogspot.com/2011/03/law-on-citizenship-residency-and-access.html|accessdate=1 March 2011}}</ref> There are 16 articles in the new law, whereas the old law had 33 articles.<ref name=LawNowAllows>{{cite web|title=Law Now Allows for Vatican Residents: 1929 Code Replaced |date=2 March 2011 |work=ZENIT |publisher=Innovative Media, Inc. |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-31900?l=english |accessdate=2 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623221238/http://www.zenit.org/article-31900?l=english |archivedate=23 June 2011 }}</ref> It updated the old law by incorporating changes made after 1929, such as the 1940 granting of Vatican City citizenship, ''[[List of Latin phrases (D)|durante munere]]'', to the members of the Holy See's diplomatic service.<ref>[http://www.toscanaoggi.it/Vita-Chiesa/STATO-CITTA-DEL-VATICANO-NUOVA-LEGGE-SULLA-CITTADINANZA "Stato Città del Vaticano: Nuova legge sulla cittadinanza" in ''Toscana Oggi'', 3 January 2011]</ref> It also created a new category, that of official Vatican "residents", i.e., people living in Vatican City; these are not necessarily Vatican citizens.<ref name=LawNowAllows/>
On 1 March 2011, only 220 of the over 800 people living in Vatican City were citizens. There was a total of 572 Vatican citizens, of whom 352 were not residents, mainly [[apostolic nuncio]]s and diplomatic staff.<ref name=LawNowAllows/>
{{As of|2013}}, there were about 30 female citizens.<ref>Mrowińska, Alina. [http://www.worldcrunch.com/dossier-the-next-pope/behind-the-walls-what-it-039-s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman/c8s11033/ "Behind The Walls: What It's Like To Live Inside The Vatican, For A Woman"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101202339/http://www.worldcrunch.com/dossier-the-next-pope/behind-the-walls-what-it-039-s-like-to-live-inside-the-vatican-for-a-woman/c8s11033/ |date=1 January 2016 }}, ''Gazeta Wyborcza/Worldcrunch'', 26 February 2013.</ref>
{{Panorama
|image = File:View from Stpeters.jpg
|height = 230
|alt = 360-degree view from the dome of [[St. Peter's Basilica]], looking over the Vatican's [[Saint Peter's Square]] (centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions.
|caption = <center>360-degree view from the dome of [[St. Peter's Basilica]], looking over the Vatican's [[Saint Peter's Square]] (centre) and out into Rome, showing Vatican City in all directions.</center>
}}
== ప్రాదేశికత ==
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