కె.ఆర్. నారాయణన్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 100:
 
'''కార్గిల్ యుద్ధం''', [[భారత దేశము|భారత్]], [[పాకిస్తాన్]] మధ్య మే - జూలై 1999 లో కాశ్మీర్ లోని కార్గిల్ జిల్లాలో మరియు మరికొన్ని సరిహద్దుల వద్ద జరిగింది. ఈ యుద్దానికి కారణం పాకిస్తాన్ సైనికులు మరియు కాశ్మీరీ తీవ్రవాదులు [[నియంత్రణ రేఖ]] దాటి భారతదేశంలోకి చొరబడడం.<ref name="Globalsecurity2">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/kargil-99.htm|title=1999 Kargil Conflict|accessdate=2009-05-20|work=[[GlobalSecurity.org]]|publisher=}}</ref> ఈ సందర్భంలో వాజ్‌పేయి ప్రభుత్వం పార్లమెంటులో విశ్వాస పరీక్షను వీగిపోయింది. ప్రతిపక్షం కూడా ప్రభుత్వం ఏర్పాటుకు విఫలమైంది. లోక్‌సభ రద్దు కాబడినందువల్ల ఆపద్ధర్మ ప్రభుత్వం కొనసాగుతుంది. ఇటువంటి సందర్భంలో ప్రధాన ప్రభుత్వ నిర్ణయాన్ని పార్లమెంటులో చర్చించబడి ఆమోదించబడిన తరువాత అంగీకరిచవలసి ఉన్నందున, సుస్థిర ప్రభుత్వం లేకపోవడం వల్ల ఇది ప్రజాస్వామ్య జవాబుదారీతనంతో ఒక సమస్యకు దారితీసింది. ఈ సంఘర్షణపై చర్చించడానికి సమావేశం జరపాలని అనేక ప్రతిపక్ష పార్టీల డిమాండ్ చేసిన ఫలితంగా రాజ్యసభలో చర్చించమని వాజ్‌పేయిని నారాయణన్ సూచించాడు. అయితే ఆతను రాజ్యసభను అంతరాయం కలిగించే విధంగా ఉన్న రాజ్యసభ సమావేశాన్ని ఏర్పాటు చేయలేదు.<ref>V. Venkatesan: [http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1615/16150230.htm "Political echoes"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629035018/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1615/16150230.htm|date=29 June 2006}}, ''Frontline'' '''16''' (15), 17–30 July 1999. Retrieved 24 February 2006.</ref> అంతేగాక, భారతీయ సైనిక దళాల ముగ్గురు సైన్యాధిపతులతో ఈ సంఘర్షణపై నారాయణన్ వివరించాడు. మరుసటి సంవత్సరం అతని రిపబ్లిక్ డే ప్రసంగం దేశాన్ని కాపాడటానికి మరణించిన సైనికులకు గౌరవించడం ద్వారా మొదలైంది.<ref name="rep" />
 
=== సామాజిక మరియు ఆర్ధిక న్యాయం కోసం ఆందోళన ===
President Narayanan in his speeches consistently sought to remind the nation of its duties and obligations towards the Dalits and [[Adivasi]]s, the minorities, and the poor and downtrodden. He called the nation's attention to various recalcitrant social ills and evils, such as atrocities against women and children, caste discrimination and the ingrained attitudes it nurtured, abuse of the [[Natural environment|environment]] and public utilities, corruption and lack of accountability in the delivery of public services, [[religious fundamentalism]], advertisement-driven consumerism, and flouting of human rights, and lamented the absence of public concern, political debate, and civic action to address them. Drawing from the experiences of his own home state [[Kerala]], he pointed out that education was at the root of human and economic development. He hoped that the establishment would not fear the awakening of the masses through education, and spoke of the need to have faith in the people.<ref name="ram_int" /><ref name="rep" /><ref>K. R. Narayanan: [http://pib.myiris.com/speech/article.php3?fl=010618202022 Speech] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630093052/http://pib.myiris.com/speech/article.php3?fl=010618202022|date=30 June 2006}} while inaugurating the new complex of the Kerala Legislature, 22 May 1998. Retrieved 24 February 2006.</ref>
 
President Narayanan spoke on various occasions on the condition of the Dalits, Adivasis, and other backward sections of society, and the various iniquities they faced (often in defiance of law), such as denial of civic amenities, [[ostracism]], harassment and violence (particularly against women), and displacement by ill-conceived development projects.<ref name="rep" /><ref name="rep_2001" /><ref name="dal_mes">K. R. Narayanan: {{cite web|url=http://alfa.nic.in/rb/dalit98.htm|title=Message|accessdate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000607182210/http://alfa.nic.in/rb/dalit98.htm|archivedate=7 June 2000|deadurl=bot: unknown|df=}} on the first World convention of the Dalit international organisation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 11 October 1998. Archived Jun. 2006.</ref>
 
He felt that the policy of reservations for the backward sections in education and the public sector had remained unfulfilled due to administrative distortions and narrow interpretations, and needed to be implemented with renewed vigour and sincerity; apprehensive of what he described as a counter-revolution among some privileged sections seeking to reverse progressive policies, he reminded the nation that these benefits were not charity, but had been provided by way of human rights and social justice to sections constituting a large portion of the population and contributing to the economy as landless agricultural labourers and industrial workers.<ref name="rep" /> In his 2002 Republic day address,<ref>K. R. Narayanan: [http://meaindia.nic.in/event/2002/01/25event01.htm Address on Republic day], 26 January 2002. Retrieved 24 February 2006. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410132431/http://meaindia.nic.in/event/2002/01/25event01.htm|date=10 April 2009}}</ref> he drew attention to the [[Bhopal Declaration]]{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} on the Dalit and Adivasi agenda for the 21st century and spoke of the necessity of the private sector adopting policies to promote equitable representation of the backward sections in their enterprises. In a governmental note on higher judicial appointments (which leaked to the press;<ref>V. K. Madhavan Kutty: [http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1603/16030240.htm "Behind the leak"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125104559/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1603/16030240.htm|date=25 November 2005}}, ''Frontline'' '''16''' (3), 30 January – 12 February 1999. Retrieved 24 February 2006.</ref> January 1999), he observed that eligible persons from the backward sections were available and that their under-representation or non-representation was not justifiable;<ref>Sukumar Muralidharan: [http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1603/16030220.htm "Wanted intervention, phoney controversy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629035005/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1603/16030220.htm|date=29 June 2006}}, ''Frontline'' '''16''' (3), 30 January – 12 February 1999. Retrieved 24 February 2006.</ref> [[K. G. Balakrishnan]], a Dalit, was elevated to the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme court]] (8 June 2000), the fourth such instance, and the only one since 1989.
 
He felt that Ambedkar's exhortation to "educate, organise, agitate" continued to be relevant; with the Dalits forming a quarter of the population in a democracy with [[Universal suffrage|universal adult franchise]], he felt that the ultimate destiny of the backward sections lay in the hands of the backward sections themselves, organised socially and politically.<ref name="dal_mes" />
 
When the Australian missionary and social worker [[Graham Staines]] and his two minor sons were burned alive (22 January 1999), President Narayanan condemned it as a barbarous crime belonging to the world's inventory of black deeds.<ref>K. R. Narayanan: {{cite web|url=http://alfa.nic.in/rb/pr092.htm|title=Letter|accessdate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991008051634/http://alfa.nic.in/rb/pr092.htm|archivedate=8 October 1999|deadurl=bot: unknown|df=}} on the murder of Graham Staines and his two minor sons, 24 January 1999. Archived Oct. 1999.</ref>
 
Towards the end of his Presidency, [[2002 Gujarat riots|communal riots]] broke out in [[Gujarat]] (February 2002). President Narayanan was deeply pained and anguished, and described it as a grave crisis of the society and the nation; he called it the duty of every Indian to strive to restore peace and thus preserve and strengthen the foundations of the state and the tradition of tolerance. He did not stand the election for a second Presidential term due to the lack of support from the ruling government. After the demission of Presidential office, he lent his support to alternative globalisation movements like the [[World Social Forum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr370.htm|title=President stays away from Holi celebrations|accessdate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020821204337/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr370.htm|archivedate=21 August 2002|deadurl=bot: unknown|df=}}, 28 March 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr381.htm|title=Press release|accessdate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020823091659/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr381.htm|archivedate=23 August 2002|deadurl=bot: unknown|df=}} on the President meeting with victims of Gujarat violence, 27 April 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.</ref><ref>K. R. Narayanan: {{cite web|url=http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr383.htm|title=Message|accessdate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020823092104/http://presidentofindia.nic.in/S/html/press_release/press-new/pr383.htm|archivedate=23 August 2002|deadurl=bot: unknown|df=}} to the nation on Gujarat violence, 29 April 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.</ref> After he had left the Presidency, and after the Vajpayee government had been voted out of power in the [[Indian general elections, 2004|general elections of May 2004]], in an interview on the third anniversary of the riots (in February 2005), he said;<ref name="ptt_int" /><blockquote>There was governmental and administrative support for the communal riots in Gujarat. I gave several letters to Prime Minister Vajpayee in this regard on this issue. I met him personally and talked to him directly. But Vajpayee did not do anything effective.
I requested him to send the army to Gujarat and suppress the riots. The military was sent, but they were not given powers to shoot. If the military was given powers to shoot at the perpetrators of violence, recurrence of tragedies in Gujarat could have been avoided. However, both the state(the [[Narendra Modi]] government) and central government did not do so. I feel there was a conspiracy involving the state and central governments behind the Gujarat riots.
</blockquote>He also stated that constitutional limits on his powers had prevented him from doing anything further.<ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2005030408891100.htm&date=2005/03/04/&prd=th& "Constitution limited my powers: Narayanan"], ''The Hindu'', 3 March 2005. Retrieved March 2006.</ref> Throughout his Presidency, Narayanan adopted the policy of not visiting places of worship or [[Godman (Hindu ascetic)|godmen/godwomen]]; he is the only President to have followed this practice.
 
=== Demission of office ===
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