కాంగో రిపబ్లిక్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 103:
2009 జూలైలో సాస్యు అధ్యక్ష ఎన్నికలో కూడా విజయం సాధించాడు.<ref>
{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jqfjSxI0cOeNG4TITywUuuQMNTGA | title=17 candidates in Congo presidential race: commission | publisher=AFP | date=13 June 2009 |accessdate=15 June 2009}}</ref> ప్రభుత్వేతర సంస్థ మానవ హక్కుల కాంగో అబ్జర్వేటరీ ఆధారంగా ఈ ఎన్నికలో మోసం, అసమానతలు అతి తక్కువగా ఉన్నాయని గుర్తించింది.<ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20090715-congo-government-expected-release-vote-results-fraud-opposition-poll Vote results expected as opposition alleges fraud] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727141917/http://www.france24.com/en/20090715-congo-government-expected-release-vote-results-fraud-opposition-poll |date=27 July 2009 }}. France24 (16 July 2009).</ref> 2015 మార్చిలో సస్యూ తన పదవిలో మరికొంత కాలం అధికంగా కొనసాగడానికి అక్టోబర్లో ప్రజాభిప్రాయాన్ని అమలు చేయాలని ప్రకటించాడు. అది 2016 అధ్యక్ష ఎన్నికల సమయంలో అతడిని అనుమతించడానికి మార్గం సుగమం చేసింది.
==Economy==
{{main article|Economy of the Republic of the Congo}}
{{see also|Hydrocarbon exploration|List of companies based in the Republic of the Congo}}
[[File:Manihot esculenta - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-090.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Cassava]] is an important food crop in the Republic of the Congo.]]
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on [[petroleum]],<ref name="eia">{{cite web|url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/congo2.html |title=Congo-Brazzaville |publisher=Energy Information Administration, U.S. Government |accessdate=11 June 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080323115110/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/congo2.html |archivedate=23 March 2008 }}</ref> support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted [[forestry]] as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports.<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/CONGOEXTN/0,,menuPK:349223~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:349199,00.html Republic of the Congo] World Bank</ref> The country also has large untapped [[Mining in the Republic of the Congo|mineral]] wealth.
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. 12{{nbsp}}January{{nbsp}}1994 devaluation of [[CFA franc|Franc Zone]] currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.<ref>{{cite web
| URL = http://www.econstats.com/weo/CCOG.htm
| title = Congo, Republic of
| publisher = EconStats
|access-date= 11 June 2009}}</ref>
[[File:Jeunes filles apprenant la couture - Ecole Spéciale de Brazzaville.jpg|thumb|Young women learning to sew, Brazzaville]]
Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the [[World Bank]] and the [[International Monetary Fund]]. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the [[Kimberley Process]] in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/download/getfile/310 |title=Kimberley Process Removes the Republic of Congo from the List of Participants |publisher=[[Kimberley Process]] |date=9 July 2004 |accessdate=11 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510045124/http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/download/getfile/310 |archivedate=10 May 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/download/getfile/678 |title=2007 Kimberley Process Communiqué |publisher=[[Kimberley Process]] |date=8 November 2007 |accessdate=11 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304225023/http://www.kimberleyprocess.com/download/getfile/678 |archivedate=4 March 2008 }}</ref>
The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/af/co/p0005.htm | title=Mining in Congo | publisher=MBendi | accessdate=14 June 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227073149/https://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/af/co/p0005.htm | archive-date=27 December 2016 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The country is a member of the [[Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa]] (OHADA).<ref name="ohada.com">
{{cite web
| title = OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa
| url = http://www.ohada.com/index.php
| accessdate = 22 March 2009}}
</ref> The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to [[South Africa]]n farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.<ref>Goodspeed, Peter (21 October 2009) {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2130070 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20110218183659/http://www.nationalpost.com/news/story.html?id=2130070 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=18 February 2011 |title=South Africa's white farmers prepare to trek to the Congo |access-date=10 September 2016}}. National Post.</ref><ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/congo/6398253/Congo-hands-land-to-South-African-farmers.html Congo hands land to South African farmers]. Telegraph. 21 October 2009.</ref>
The GDP of the Republic of the Congo grew by 6% in 2014 and is expected to have grown by 7.5% in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url = |title = Republic of the Congo GDP Annual Growth Rate|date = |access-date = 1 January 2016|website = Trading Economics|publisher = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.gfmag.com/global-data/country-data/republic-of-the-congo-gdp-country-report|title = Republic of the Congo GDP and Economic Data|date = |access-date = 14 January 2016|website = Global Finance|publisher = }}</ref>
== ప్రభుత్వము,రాజకీయాలు ==
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