మలావి: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 126:
 
2014 లో జోయిస్ బండా ఎన్నికలలో ఓడిపోయాడు. మాజీ ప్రెసిడెంట్ ముతరిక సోదరుడు ఆర్థర్ పీటర్ ముతరికా స్థానంలో ఎన్నికయ్యాడు. .<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27646181|title = Malawi election: Jamie Tillen wins presidential vote|date = 30 May 2015|accessdate = 14 September 2015|website = [[BBC]]|publisher = }}</ref>
 
==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Malawi}}
{{See also|List of cities in Malawi}}
[[File:Livingstoniamountainsmalawi.jpg|thumb|Mountains in Northern Malawi during rainy season]]
[[File:Lake Malawi, Malawi (2499203308).jpg|thumb|Sunset over Lake Malawi]]
Malawi is a landlocked country in southeastern Africa, bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast and Mozambique to the south, southwest and southeast. It lies between latitudes [[9th parallel south|9°]] and [[18th parallel south|18°S]], and longitudes [[32nd meridian east|32°]] and [[36th meridian east|36°E]].
 
The [[East African Rift|Great Rift Valley]] runs through the country from north to south, and to the east of the valley lies [[Lake Malawi]] (also called Lake [[Nyasa (lake)|Nyasa]]), making up over three-quarters of Malawi's eastern boundary.<ref name="Cutter142" /> Lake Malawi is sometimes called the Calendar Lake as it is about {{convert|365|mi|km|order=flip}} long and {{convert|52|mi|km|order=flip}} wide.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.travelafricamag.com/content/view/231/56/ |title=Malawi: The Lake of Stars |magazine=Travel Africa |issue=4 |date=Summer 1998 |author=Douglas, John |accessdate=22 August 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114161419/http://www.travelafricamag.com/content/view/231/56/ |archivedate=14 January 2009 |df= }}</ref> The [[Shire River]] flows from the south end of the lake and joins the Zambezi River {{convert|250|mi|km|order=flip}} farther south in [[Mozambique]]. The surface of Lake Malawi is located at {{convert|1500|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level, with a maximum depth of {{convert|2300|ft|m|0|order=flip}}, which means the lake bottom is over {{convert|700|ft|m|0|order=flip}} below sea level at some points.
 
[[File:Monoxylon beach Lake Malawi 1557.jpg|thumb|alt=Two small dugout canoes on the shore of a lake|Lake Malawi]]
In the mountainous sections of Malawi surrounding the Rift Valley, plateaus rise generally {{convert|3000|to|4000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level, although some rise as high as {{convert|8000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} in the north. To the south of Lake Malawi lie the [[Shire Highlands]], gently rolling land at approximately {{convert|3000|ft|m|0|order=flip}} above sea level. In this area, the Zomba and [[Mulanje Massif|Mulanje]] mountain peaks rise to respective heights of {{convert|7000|and|10000|ft|m|0|order=flip}}.<ref name="Cutter142" />
 
Malawi's capital is Lilongwe, and its commercial centre is [[Blantyre]] with a population of over 500,000&nbsp;people.<ref name="Cutter142" /> Malawi has two sites listed on the [[UNESCO World Heritage List]]. [[Lake Malawi National Park]] was first listed in 1984 and the [[Chongoni Rock Art Area]] was listed in 2006.<ref name="Turner24">Turner, ''The Statesman's Yearbook'', p. 824</ref>
 
[[Climate of Malawi|Malawi's climate]] is hot in the low-lying areas in the south of the country and temperate in the northern highlands. The altitude moderates what would otherwise be an equatorial climate. Between November and April the temperature is warm with equatorial rains and thunderstorms, with the storms reaching their peak severity in late March. After March, the rainfall rapidly diminishes and from May to September wet mists float from the highlands into the plateaus, with almost no rainfall during these months.<ref name="Cutter142" />
 
===Flora and fauna===
[[File:Brachystegia boehmii.jpg|200px|left|thumb|''[[Brachystegia]]'' aka [[miombo]].]]
{{Main|Wildlife of Malawi}}
{{See also|Flora Zambesiaca}}
Animal life indigenous to Malawi includes [[List of mammals of Malawi|mammals]] such as elephants, hippos, big cats, monkeys, and bats; a great variety of [[List of birds of Malawi|birds]] including birds of prey, parrots and falcons, waterfowl and large waders, owls and songbirds. Lake Malawi has been described as having ''one of the richest lake fish faunas in the world'', being the home for some 200 mammal, 650 bird, 30+ mollusc, and 5,500+ plant species.<ref name="feow">{{cite web|last1=Ribbink|first1=Anthony.J.|title=Lake Malawi|url=http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/lake_malawi|website=Freshwater Ecoregions Of the World|publisher=[[The Nature Conservancy]]|accessdate=9 December 2016}}</ref>
 
The [[ecoregions]] include tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands of the [[miombo woodland]], dominated by [[Brachystegia|miombo]] trees; and the [[Zambezian and mopane woodlands]], characterized by the [[Colophospermum mopane|mopane tree]]; and also [[Zambezian flooded grasslands|flooded grassland]] providing grassland and swamp vegetation.
 
There are five [[:Category:National parks of Malawi|national parks]], four [[:Category:Protected areas of Malawi|wildlife and game reserves]] and two other [[:Category:Protected areas of Malawi|protected areas]] in Malawi.
 
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