టాంజానియా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

టాంజానియా అత్యధిక జీవవైవిధ్యం కలిగివుంది. ఇక్కడ అనేక రకాల జంతువుల ఆవాసాలు ఉన్నాయి.<ref>{{cite book | author1=S. N. Stuart | author2=Martin Jenkins | title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGyrXpCbTX4C&pg=PA204 | date=1990 | publisher=IUCN | isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 | page=204}}</ref>

టాంజానియాలో సెరెంగెటి సాదా, తెల్లటి గడ్డం గల క్రూరమైన (కోనోకోటెసు టౌరినసు మేర్ర్డి), ఇతర బోవిడ్లు, జీబ్రా <ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |accessdate=20 March 2019}}</ref> ఒక భారీ స్థాయి వార్షిక వలసలో పాల్గొంటాయి. టాంజానియాలో సుమారు 130 ఉభయచరాలు, 275 సరీసృపాలు ఉన్నాయి. వీటిలో అనేకం అంతరించిపోతున్న జాబితాలో ఉన్నాయి.<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"], ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref>

[[File:Bank of Tanzania golden hour.jpg|thumb|right|[[Bank of Tanzania|Bank of Tanzania Twin Towers]]]]

{{As of|2018}}, according to the IMF, Tanzania's [[gross domestic product]] (GDP) was an estimated $56.7 billion (nominal), or $176.5 billion on a [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP) basis. GDP per capita (PPP) was $3,457.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/index.aspx|title=World Economic Outlook Database April 2018|website=www.imf.org}}</ref>

There are very few resources for Tanzanians in terms of credit services, infrastructure or availability to improved agricultural technologies, which further exacerbates hunger and poverty in the country according to the UNDP.<ref name="Tanzania"/> Tanzania ranks 159 out of 187 countries in poverty according to the United Nation's Human Development Index (2014).<ref name="Tanzania"/>

 

[[File:Tea fields, Tukuyu, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|Tea fields in Tukuyu]]

 

According to the 2002 National Irrigation Master Plan, 29.4 million hectares in Tanzania are suitable for irrigation farming; however, only 310,745 hectares were actually being irrigated in June 2011.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=36093 | title=Irrigation will give us more food by 2015&nbsp;– govt | date=5 December 2011 | accessdate=19 February 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022040833/http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=36093 | archivedate=22 October 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

 

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The Ruvuma and Nyuna regions of Tanzania have been explored mostly by the discovery company that holds a 75 percent interest, Aminex, and has shown to hold in excess of 3.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. A pipeline connecting offshore natural gas fields to Tanzania's commercial capital Dar es Salaam was completed at the end of April 2015.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.energyglobal.com/pipelines/project-news/01042015/Tanzania-gas-pipe-finished-but-not-in-service/ | title=Tanzania gas pipe: finished but not in service | accessdate=9 April 2015| date=April 2015 }}</ref>

 

[[File:Uhuru Peak Mt. Kilimanjaro 1.JPG|thumb|The snowcapped [[Uhuru Peak]]]]

 

Travel and tourism contributed 17.5 percent of Tanzania's gross domestic product in 2016<ref name=":1">{{Cite news | url=https://www.tanzaniainvest.com/tourism/tourist-arrivals-reach-2016 | title=Tanzania Tourist Arrivals Increase by 12.9% in 2016 to Reach 1,28 M – TanzaniaInvest | date=26 May 2017 | work=TanzaniaInvest | accessdate=12 August 2017 | language=en-US}}</ref> and employed 11.0 percent of the country's labour force (1,189,300 jobs) in 2013.<ref name="Knoema">[http://knoema.com/WTTC2013/world-travel-and-tourism-council-data-2013 "World Travel and Tourism Council Data, 2013"]. ''Knoema''.</ref> Overall receipts rose from US$1.74 billion in 2004 to US$4.48 billion in 2013,<ref name="Knoema"/> and receipts from international tourists rose from US$1.255 billion in 2010 to US$2 billion in 2016.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights14_en_hr_0.pdf | title=''UNWTO Tourism Highlights: 2014 Edition'', United Nations World Tourism Organization, page 11, accessed 17 November 2014 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208040125/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights14_en_hr_0.pdf | archivedate=8 February 2015 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2016, 1,284,279 tourists arrived at Tanzania's borders compared to 590,000 in 2005.<ref name="UND">{{Cite web|url=https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tza/|title=OEC - Tanzania (TZA) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners|website=atlas.media.mit.edu|language=en|access-date=2019-04-09}}</ref> The vast majority of tourists visit Zanzibar or a "northern circuit" of [[Serengeti National Park]], the [[Ngorongoro Conservation Area]], [[Tarangire National Park]], [[Lake Manyara National Park]], and [[Mount Kilimanjaro]].<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1252}} In 2013, the most visited national park was Serengeti (452,485 tourists), followed by Manyara (187,773) and Tarangire (165,949).<ref name="Abstract"/>{{rp|page xx}}

 

The [[Bank of Tanzania]] is the [[central bank]] of Tanzania and is primarily responsible for maintaining price stability, with a subsidiary responsibility for issuing [[Tanzanian shilling]] notes and coins.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bot-tz.org/AboutBOT/BOTFunction.asp | title=About the Bank&nbsp;— Primary Objective and Function of the Bank | publisher=Bank of Tanzania | accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref> At the end of 2013, the total assets of the Tanzanian banking industry were 19.5 trillion Tanzanian shillings, a 15 percent increase over 2012.<ref>[https://www.bot-tz.org/BankingSupervision/Reports/DBS%2520ANNUAL%2520REPORT%25202013.pdf Annual Report 2013] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005083304/http://www.bot-tz.org/BankingSupervision/Reports/DBS%20ANNUAL%20REPORT%202013.pdf |date=5 October 2014 }}. Directorate of Banking Supervision, Bank of Tanzania, p. 5</ref>

 

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Tanzania has four international airports, along with over 100 small airports or landing strips. Airport infrastructure tends to be in poor condition.<ref name="frame" />{{rp|page 1253}} Airlines in Tanzania include [[Air Tanzania]], [[Precision Air]], [[Fastjet]], [[Coastal Aviation]], and [[ZanAir]].<ref name="frame" />{{rp|page 1253}}

 

In 2013, the communications sector was the fastest growing in Tanzania, expanding 22.8 percent; however, the sector accounted for only 2.4 percent of gross domestic product that year.<ref name="BudEx"/>{{rp|page 2}}

 

As of 2011, Tanzania had 56 mobile telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants, a rate slightly above the sub-Saharan average.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1253}} Very few Tanzanians have fixed-line telephones.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1253}} Approximately 12 percent of Tanzanians used the internet {{As of|2011|lc=y}}, though this number is growing rapidly.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1253}} The country has a fibre-optic cable network that replaced unreliable satellite service, but internet bandwidth remains very low.<ref name="frame"/>{{rp|page 1253}}

 

[[File:Gross domestic expenditure on Research and Development GDP ratio in Southern Africa, 2012 or closest year.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gross_domestic_expenditure_on_Research_and_Development_GDP_ratio_in_Southern_Africa,_2012_or_closest_year.svg|thumb|Domestic expenditure on research in Southern Africa as a percentage of GDP, 2012 or closest year. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), Figure 20.3]]