కెన్యా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

 

కెన్యాలో (ప్రత్యేకంగా మాసైలో) "బిగ్ ఫైవ్" అనే వేటమృగాలు సింహం, చిరుత, గేదె, ఖడ్గమృగం, ఆఫ్రికా ఏనుగు అధికంగా కనిపిస్తాయి. ఆట జంతువులు కెన్యా మరియు ప్రత్యేకంగా మాసాయి మారా లో చూడవచ్చు. దేశంలో జాతీయ ఉద్యానవనాలు, గేమ్ రిజర్వులలో ఇతర అడవి జంతువులలో సరీసృపాలు, పక్షులు గణనీయమైన సంఖ్యలో ఉంటాయి. జూన్ - సెప్టెంబరు మధ్య వార్షిక జంతువుల వలసలు మిలియన్ల సంఖ్యలో జంతువులతో పాల్గొనడం విలువైన విదేశీ పర్యాటకులను ఆకర్షిస్తున్నాయి. ఈ వలసలు పొరుగున ఉన్న టాంజానియాలోని సెరెంగెటి నుండి కెన్యాలోని మాసై మరాకు వరకు 2 మిలియన్ల జంతువులతో దాదాపు 2,900 కి.మీ దూరం సాగుతుంది.<ref>{{cite web|title=Masai Mara|url=http://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari.html}}</ref> 2,900 కి.మీ (1,802 మై) దూరం రెండు మిలియన్ల జంతువులు ప్రయాణిస్తూ ఆహారం, నీటి సరఫరా కోసం వెతుకుతూ నిరంతరం సవ్యదిశలో ప్రయాణిస్తాయి. ఈ సెరెంగెటి వలసలు ఆఫ్రికా ఏడు ప్రకృతి అద్భుతాల జాబితాలో ఒకటిగా ఉంది.

[[File:Kenya Export Treemap.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|A proportional representation of Kenya's exports.]]

Kenya's [[Macroeconomics|macroeconomic]] outlook has steadily posted robust growth over the past few decades. However, much of this growth comes from cash flows diverted from ordinary Kenyans at the [[Microeconomics|microeconomic]] level resulting in diminished incomes in ordinary low and middle-income homes and small businesses leading to widespread hardship and discontent across the country which frequently manifests as strikes and [[picketing]] especially in the [[public service]]. In 2014, the country's [[GDP]] was adjusted upwards causing it to be re-classified as a low-middle-income country.

Kenya is East and Central Africa's hub for financial services. The [[Nairobi Securities Exchange]] (NSE) is ranked 4th in Africa in terms of market capitalisation. The Kenyan banking system is supervised by the [[Central Bank of Kenya]] (CBK). As of late July 2004, the system consisted of 43 commercial banks (down from 48 in 2001), several [[non-bank financial institution]]s, including mortgage companies, four savings and loan associations, and several core foreign-exchange bureaus.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov"/>

 

[[File:Elephants at Amboseli national park against Mount Kilimanjaro.jpg|thumb|[[Amboseli National Park]]]]

[[File:Tsavo east panorama.jpg|thumb|[[Tsavo East National Park]]]]

The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the [[List of national parks of Kenya|60 national parks]] and game reserves. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the [[Masaai Mara]] which is considered the 7th wonder of the world, historical mosques and colonial-era forts at [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], and [[Lamu]]; the renowned vast scenery like the snow white capped [[Mount Kenya]], the [[Great Rift Valley, Kenya|Great Rift Valley]]; the tea plantations at [[Kericho]]; the coffee plantations at [[Thika]]; a splendid view of [[Mt. Kilimanjaro]] across the border into [[Tanzania]];<ref name=ne>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Kenya-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html|title=Tourism, travel, and recreation - Kenya - area|author=|date=|work=NationsEncyclopedia.com|access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref> and the beaches along the [[Swahili Coast]], in the [[Indian Ocean]]. Tourists, the largest number being from [[Germany]] and the [[United Kingdom]], are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the [[game reserve]]s, notably, the expansive [[Tsavo East National Park|East]] and [[Tsavo West National Park]] {{convert|20808|km2|abbr=out}} in the southeast.

 

[[File:Kenya-Tealand-Near-Kericho-2012.JPG|thumb|A Tea farm near [[Kericho]], [[Kericho County]].]]

 

Kenya is the world's 3rd largest exporter of [[cut flowers]].<ref name=kenya-flower-industry>{{cite web|last=Veselinovic |first=Milena |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |title=Got roses this Valentine's Day? They probably came from Kenya |publisher=Edition.cnn.com |date=16 March 2015 |accessdate=17 July 2016}}</ref> Roughly half of Kenya's 127 flower farms are concentrated around [[Lake Naivasha]], 90 kilometers northwest of Nairobi.<ref name=kenya-flower-industry/> To speed their export, Nairobi airport has a terminal dedicated to the transport of flowers and vegetables.<ref name=kenya-flower-industry/>

 

[[File:Orrling of Nairobi.jpg|thumb|300px|The [[Kenya Commercial Bank]] headquarters at [[KENCOM House]] (right) in Nairobi.]]

Although Kenya is the most industrially developed country in the [[African Great Lakes]] region, manufacturing still accounts for only 14% of the GDP. Industrial activity, concentrated around the three largest urban centres, [[Nairobi]], [[Mombasa]] and [[Kisumu]], is dominated by food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing, and the fabrication of consumer goods, e.g., vehicles from kits.

Kenya's inclusion among the beneficiaries of the US Government's African Growth and Opportunity Act ([[AGOA]]) has given a boost to manufacturing in recent years. Since AGOA took effect in 2000, Kenya's clothing sales to the United States increased from US$44&nbsp;million to US$270&nbsp;million (2006).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry|title=Industry|last=Kamau|first=Pithon|website=Brand Kenya Board|access-date=13 May 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604180631/http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry|archivedate=4 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Other initiatives to strengthen manufacturing have been the new government's favourable tax measures, including the removal of duty on capital equipment and other raw materials.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 | title=Kenya | accessdate=10 June 2016}}</ref>

 

The country has an extensive network of paved and unpaved roads. Kenya's railway system links the nation's ports and major cities, connecting it with neighbouring Uganda. There are 15 airports which have paved runways.

 

The largest share of Kenya's electricity supply comes from geothermal energy<ref>[https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat Electricity in Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133300/https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat |date=11 August 2018 }}. IEA 2014</ref> followed by hydroelectric stations at dams along the upper [[Tana River (Kenya)|Tana River]], as well as the [[Turkwel Gorge Dam]] in the west. A petroleum-fired plant on the coast, [[Geothermal power in Kenya|geothermal facilities]] at [[Olkaria]] (near Nairobi), and electricity imported from [[Uganda]] make up the rest of the supply. Kenya's installed capacity stood at 1,142 [[megawatts]] between 2001 and 2003. The state-owned [[Kenya Electricity Generating Company|Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen)]], established in 1997 under the name of Kenya Power Company, handles the generation of electricity, while Kenya Power handles the electricity transmission and distribution system in the country. Shortfalls of electricity occur periodically, when drought reduces water flow. To become energy sufficient, Kenya aims to build a nuclear power plant by 2017.<ref>McGregor, Sarah (20 September 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017]. Bloomberg L.P.</ref>

 

Kenya has proven deposits of oil in [[Turkana County|Turkana]] and the commercial viability was just discovered. [[Tullow Oil]] estimates Kenya's oil reserves to be around 10 billion barrels.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy]. Bloomberg L.P..</ref> Exploration is still continuing to determine if there are more reserves. Kenya currently imports all crude petroleum requirements. Kenya, east Africa's largest economy, has no strategic reserves and relies solely on oil marketers' 21-day oil reserves required under industry regulations. Petroleum accounts for 20% to 25% of the national import bill.<ref>[https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE74J0F220110520?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 Kenya plans strategic oil reserve]. Reuters (10 November 2011).</ref>

 

Published comments on Kenya's [[98.4 Capital FM|Capital FM]] website by Liu Guangyuan, [[Chinese Ambassador to Kenya|China's ambassador to Kenya]], at the time of President Kenyatta's 2013 trip to Beijing, said, "Chinese investment in Kenya&nbsp;... reached $474 million, representing Kenya's largest source of foreign direct investment, and&nbsp;... bilateral trade&nbsp;... reached $2.84 billion" in 2012. Kenyatta was "[a]ccompanied by 60 Kenyan business people [and hoped to]&nbsp;... gain support from China for a planned $2.5 billion railway from the southern Kenyan port of Mombasa to neighboring [[Uganda]], as well as a nearly $1.8 billion dam", according to a statement from the president's office also at the time of the trip.<ref name=wp01/>

 

Base Titanium, a subsidiary of Base resources of Australia, shipped its first major consignment of minerals to China. About 25,000 tonnes of [[ilmenite]] was flagged off the Kenyan coastal town of Kilifi. The first shipment was expected to earn Kenya about Kshs15{{en dash}}20 billion in earnings.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port|title=Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port|author1=Jackson Okoth |author2=Philip Mwakio |date=14 February 2014|work=Standard Digital News|accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref> Recently the Chinese contracted railway project from Nairobi to Mombasa was suspended due to dispute over compensation for land acquisition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html|title=Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended|author=Shem Oirere|accessdate=15 February 2015}}</ref>

 

[[File:Vision2030 logo.svg|thumb|The official logo of [[Kenya Vision 2030|Vision 2030]].]]

 

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[[File:Kenya Aerial 2009-08-27 14-26-44.JPG|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Lake Turkana]] borders Turkana County]]

 

The deal allowed for China's state-controlled offshore oil and gas company, [[China National Offshore Oil Corporation|CNOOC]], to prospect for oil in Kenya, which is just beginning to drill its first exploratory wells on the borders of Sudan and the disputed area of [[North Eastern Province, Kenya|North Eastern Province]] of the border with [[Somalia]] and in coastal waters. There are formal estimates of the possible reserves of oil discovered.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya |last=Barber |first=Lionel |author2=England, Andrew |date=10 August 2006|work=Financial Times |accessdate=27 June 2008}}</ref>

 

[[File:Enfants Masai - Kenya décembre 1990.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Maasai people]]. The Maasai live in both Kenya and Tanzania.]]

 

[[File:African Kids working in the family farm.jpg|thumb|Child labour in Kenya]]

 

24 institutions offer business loans on a large scale, specific agriculture loans, education loans, and for any other purpose loans. Additionally there are:

*emergency loans, which are more expensive in respect to interest rates, but are quickly available