నైజీరియా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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నైజీరియా 36 రాష్ట్రాలు, ఒక ఫెడరలు కాపిటలు టెరిటరీగా విభజించబడింది. ఇవి 774 స్థానిక ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాంతాలు (ఎల్.జి.ఎ. లు) గా విభజించబడ్డాయి. కొన్ని సందర్భాలలో, రాష్ట్రాలు 6 భౌగోళి ఆధారిత రాజకీయ ప్రాంతాలుగా విభజించబడ్డాయి: నార్తు వెస్టు, నార్తు ఈస్టు, నార్తు సెంట్రలు, సౌత్ ఈస్టు, సౌత్ సౌత్, సౌత్ వెస్టు.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/11/constitution-amendment-what-the-people-want/ |title=Constitution amendment: What the people want |accessdate=14 December 2012 |date=4 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106778:constitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-&catid=203:youth-speak&Itemid=730 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511123924/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=106778%3Aconstitutional-review-nigeria-needs-broader-representation-&catid=203%3Ayouth-speak&Itemid=730 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=11 May 2013 |title=Constitutional review: Nigeria needs broader representation |accessdate=14 December 2012 |date=6 December 2012 |df= }}</ref>
2006 నాటి జనాభా గణాంకాల ఆధారంగా నైజీరియాలో 1 మిలియను ప్రజలు నివసిస్తున్న నగరాలు 8 (అతిపెద్ద నుండి అతిచిన్నవి): లాగోసు, కనో, ఇబాడాను, బెనిను సిటీ, పోర్టు హరుకోర్టు ఉన్నాయి. ఆఫ్రికాలో అతిపెద్ద నగరంగా లాగోసు ఉంది. నగర ప్రాంతాలలో 12 మిలియన్లకు పైగా ప్రజలు నివసిస్తున్నారు.<ref name="felix">{{cite news |url=http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29819278.htm |agency=Reuters |title=Nigeria gives census result, avoids risky details |first=Felix |last=Onuah |date=29 December 2006|accessdate=23 November 2008}}</ref>
==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Nigeria}}
[[File:Areas in abuja.jpg|thumb|left|Skyline of Nigerian capital, Abuja]]
[[File:Abuja, Federal Capital Territory 3.jpg|thumb|[[Abuja#Maitama District|Maitama district]], Abuja]]
[[File:Sleep time.jpg|thumb|left|Skyline of Central Business District, Abuja at night]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| width1 = 272
| width2 = 292
| image1 =
| image2 =
| caption1 = [[Eko Atlantic]] is a [[planned city]] of [[Lagos State]].
| caption2 = [[Centenary City]] is also a planned city, located in the [[Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria|Federal Capital Territory]].
}}Nigeria is classified as a [[mixed economy]] [[emerging markets|emerging market]]. It has reached lower middle income status according to the [[World Bank Group|World Bank]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/CLASS.XLS |title= World Bank list of economies |date= January 2011 |publisher=http: www.worldbank.org |accessdate=27 May 2011}}</ref> with its abundant supply of natural resources, well-developed financial, legal, communications, transport sectors and stock exchange (the [[Nigerian Stock Exchange]]), which is the second largest in Africa.
Nigeria was ranked 21st in the world in terms of [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|GDP (PPP)]] in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=13&sy=2013&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738|title=5. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=[[World Bank]]|date=April 2015|accessdate=21 September 2017}}</ref> Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2836.htm |title=Nigeria (07/08) |publisher=State.gov |accessdate=21 November 2008}}</ref>
The [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2008/CAR021508A.htm |title=IMF Survey: Nigeria Needs Sustained Reforms to Build on Success |publisher=Imf.org |accessdate=21 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Aminu |first=Ayodele |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200804140655.html |title=allAfrica.com: Africa: IMF Forecasts 9 Percent Growth for Nigeria (p. 1 of 1) |publisher=Allafrica.com |date=13 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Godwin |first=Atser |url=http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20080229153046 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511114933/http://www.punchng.com/Articl.aspx?theartic=Art20080229153046 |archivedate=11 May 2011 |title=The Punch: IMF predicts 9% GDP growth rate for Nigeria |publisher=Punchng.com |date=29 February 2008}}</ref> The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Odueme |first=Stella |url=http://independentngonline.com/DailyIndependent/Article.aspx?id=33492 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20110722181942/http://independentngonline.com/DailyIndependent/Article.aspx?id=33492 |archivedate=22 July 2011 |title=RenCap projects 8% growth for Nigeria in 2011 |publisher=Independentngonline.com |date=9 May 2011 |accessdate=28 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
In February 2011, [[Citigroup]] projected that Nigeria would have the highest average GDP growth in the world in 2010–2050. Nigeria is one of two countries from Africa among 11 [[3G (countries)|Global Growth Generators]] countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/willem-buiter-3g-countries-2011-2?slop=1 |title=FORGET THE BRICs: Citi's Willem Buiter Presents The 11 "3G" Countries That Will Win The Future |publisher=businessinsider.com |date=22 February 2011 |accessdate=31 May 2011}}</ref>
Previously, economic development had been hindered by years of [[military dictatorship|military rule]], corruption, and mismanagement. The restoration of democracy and subsequent economic reforms have successfully put Nigeria back on track towards achieving its full economic potential. {{As of|2014}} it is the largest economy in Africa, having overtaken South Africa.
During the [[OPEC|oil boom]] of the 1970s, Nigeria accumulated a significant foreign debt to finance major infrastructural investments. With the fall of oil prices during the [[1980s oil glut]] Nigeria struggled to keep up with its loan payments and eventually defaulted on its principal debt repayments, limiting repayment to the interest portion of the loans. Arrears and penalty interest accumulated on the unpaid principal, which increased the size of the debt. After negotiations by the Nigerian authorities, in October 2005 Nigeria and its [[Paris Club]] creditors reached an agreement under which Nigeria repurchased its debt at a discount of approximately 60%. Nigeria used part of its oil profits to pay the residual 40%, freeing up at least $1.15 billion annually for poverty reduction programmes. Nigeria made history in April 2006 by becoming the first African country to completely pay off its debt (estimated $30 billion) owed to the Paris Club.
Nigeria is trying to reach the first of the [[Sustainable Development Goals]], which is to [[Ending poverty in all its forms everywhere|end poverty]] in all its forms by 2030.
=== Agriculture ===
{{Further|Agriculture in Nigeria}}
[[File:Farm Ploughing, Kwara State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Farm ploughing in [[Kwara State]]]]
{{As of|2010}}, about 30% of Nigerians are employed in agriculture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pages/download/41 |title=Labour Force Statistics, 2010 |publisher=Nigerian Bureau of Statistics |date=2010 |accessdate=22 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424153316/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/pages/download/41 |archivedate=24 April 2015 |df= }}</ref> Agriculture used to be the principal foreign exchange earner of Nigeria.<ref>{{cite book |title=Democracy and Development in Africa |first=Claude |last=Ake |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-8157-0220-7 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=bs5rTH7GClgC&pg=PA48 |accessdate=26 December 2008}}</ref>
Major crops include [[beans]], [[sesame]], [[cashew nuts]], [[cassava]], [[cocoa beans]], [[Bambara groundnut|groundnuts]], [[gum arabic]], kolanut, [[maize]] (corn), [[melon]], [[millet]], [[palm kernel]]s, [[palm oil]], [[Plantain (cooking)|plantains]], [[rice]], [[rubber]], [[sorghum]], [[soybeans]] and [[Yam (vegetable)|yams]].<ref name="Nigeria agriculture">{{cite web|url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Nigeria-AGRICULTURE.html|title=Agriculture – Nigeria – export, growth, area, crops, farming, sector|publisher=|accessdate=17 April 2015}}</ref> [[Cocoa bean|Cocoa]] is the leading non-oil foreign exchange earner.<ref name="Nigeria agriculture"/> [[Rubber]] is the second-largest non-oil foreign exchange earner.<ref name="Nigeria agriculture"/>
Prior to the [[Nigerian civil war]], Nigeria was self-sufficient in food.<ref name="Nigeria agriculture"/> Agriculture has failed to keep pace with Nigeria's rapid population growth, and Nigeria now relies upon food imports to sustain itself.<ref name="Nigeria agriculture"/> The Nigerian government promoted the use of inorganic fertilizers in the 1970s.<ref name="pasquini">{{cite journal|last=Pasquini|first=MW|last2=Alexander|first2=MJ|date=2005|title=Soil fertility management strategies on the Jos Plateau: the need for integrating 'empirical' and 'scientific' knowledge in agricultural development|journal=Geographical Journal|volume=171|issue=2|pages=112–124|doi=10.1111/j.1475-4959.2005.00154.x}}</ref>
=== Oil and natural gas ===
{{Further|Petroleum industry in Nigeria|List of countries by oil exports}}
[[File:OandoHeadOffice.jpg|thumb|left|[[Oando]] head office in [[Victoria Island, Lagos|Victoria Island]], [[Lagos]]]]
Nigeria is the 12th largest producer of petroleum in the world and the 8th largest exporter, and has the 10th largest proven reserves. (The country joined [[OPEC]] in 1971.) [[Petroleum in Nigeria|Petroleum]] plays a large role in the Nigerian economy, accounting for 40% of GDP and 80% of Government earnings. However, agitation for better resource control in the [[Niger Delta]], its main oil-producing region, has led to disruptions in oil production and prevents the country from exporting at 100% capacity.<ref>{{cite book |title=Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide |first=Lizzie |last=Williams |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2008 |isbn=978-1-84162-239-2 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&pg=PA26 |accessdate=26 December 2008}}</ref>
[[File:NNPC1.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of the [[Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation]] (NNPC)]]
[[File:Countries by Natural Gas Proven Reserves (2014).svg|thumb|Countries by [[List of countries by natural gas proven reserves|natural gas proven reserves]] (2014). Nigeria has the largest reserves in Africa.]]
The Niger Delta Nembe Creek [[Oil field]] was discovered in 1973 and produces from middle [[Miocene]] [[River delta|deltaic]] [[sandstone]]-[[shale]] in an [[anticline]] [[structural trap]] at a depth of {{convert|2|to|4|km|abbr=off}}.<ref>Nelson, P.H.H., Role of Reflection Seismic in Development of Nembe Creek Field, Nigeria, 1980, in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968–1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, {{ISBN|0-89181-306-3}}, pp. 565–576</ref> In June 2013, Shell announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested. While many international oil companies have operated there for decades, by 2014 most were making moves to divest their interests, citing a range of issues including oil theft. In August 2014, [[Shell Oil Company]] said it was finalising its interests in four Nigerian oil fields.<ref name="ShellNigeria">{{cite news|title=Stakes in four Nigerian oil fields being sold by Shell|url=http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307|date=27 August 2014|accessdate=28 August 2014|publisher=''Nigeria Sun''}}</ref>
Nigeria has a total of 159 [[oil fields]] and 1,481 [[oil well|wells]] in operation according to the [[Department of Petroleum Resources]].<ref name=NDES>
''Environmental Resources Managers Ltd, Niger Delta Environmental Survey Final Report Phase I; Volume I: Environmental and Socio-Economic Characteristics (Lagos: Niger Delta Environmental Survey, September 1997)''</ref> The most productive region of the nation is the coastal [[Niger Delta Field|Niger Delta Basin]] in the [[Niger Delta]] or "South-south" region which encompasses 78 of the 159 oil fields. Most of Nigeria's oil fields are small and scattered, and as of 1990, these small fields accounted for 62.1% of all Nigerian production. This contrasts with the sixteen largest fields which produced 37.9% of Nigeria's petroleum at that time.<ref name=politicaleconomy>
''Nigeria: The Political Economy of Oil''
{{ISBN|0-19-730014-6}}
(Khan, Ahmad)
</ref>
{{wide image|Oil Factory - panoramio (cropped).jpg|800px|Oil facility at [[Bonny Island]], [[Rivers State]]}}
===Overseas remittances===
Next to petrodollars, the second biggest source of foreign exchange earnings for Nigeria are [[remittances]] sent home by Nigerians living abroad.<ref name="tribune.com.ng">{{cite web|url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/business/tribune-business/item/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy|title=Remittances from diaspora Nigerians as lubricant for the economy|author=Gbola Subair- Abuja|publisher=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|date=8 September 2014|accessdate=17 April 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317150032/http://www.tribune.com.ng/business/tribune-business/item/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy/15469-remittances-from-diaspora-nigerians-as-lubricant-for-the-economy|archivedate=17 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="tribune.com.ng"/>
According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in [[remittances]] sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from US$2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.
=== Services ===
[[File:SahadStores.jpg|thumb|Sahad Stores is a large department store]]
Nigeria has one of the fastest growing telecommunications markets in the world, major emerging market operators (like MTN, 9mobile, Airtel and Globacom) basing their largest and most profitable centres in the country.<ref>{{cite book |title=International Security and the United States: An Encyclopedia |author1=DeRouen, Karl R. |author2=Bellamy, Paul |lastauthoramp=yes |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-275-99253-8 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=tSLeN4U_C6kC&pg=PA546 |page=546 |accessdate=26 December 2008}}</ref> The government has recently begun expanding this infrastructure to [[National Space Research and Development Agency|space based communications]]. Nigeria has a space satellite that is monitored at the Nigerian National Space Research and Development Agency Headquarters in Abuja.
Nigeria has a highly developed financial services sector, with a mix of local and international banks, asset management companies, brokerage houses, insurance companies and brokers, private equity funds and investment banks.<ref>{{cite book |title=Growing Apart: Oil, Politics, and Economic Change in Indonesia and Nigeria |page=168 |first=Peter |last=Lewis |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-472-06980-4 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=T4-rlVeb1n0C&pg=PA168 |accessdate=26 December 2008}}</ref>
=== Nigeria Air ===
{{Main|Nigeria Air}}
On 18 July 2018, the Nigeria government announced a new birth of a National Carrier, the Nigeria Air,<ref>[https://www.nigerianews.net/breaking-news-nigeria-airways-now-nigeria-air-as-new-hope-arises/ Nigeria Launches New National Carrier, Nigeria Air] Nigeria News, Retrieved July 2018</ref> this is after 15 years during which the former carrier was shut down as a result of mismanagement. Nigeria Air is meant to be operated under government/private partnership and the government is expected to fund the initial capital of $300 million within the next 5 years.
The Name, Logo and the government planned was announced the same day it was launched, the Nigeria website and staff have not been planned. Though the issue of the staff is expected to be managed by the private owners.
It is worthy to note that Nigeria Air is different from [[Air Nigeria]], an airline company owned by NICON ground and [[Virgin Atlantic Airways]]
=== Mining ===
{{Further|Mining industry of Nigeria}}
[[File:Topaz-169707.jpg|thumb|left|[[Topaz]] from the [[Jos Plateau]] in [[Plateau State]]]]
Nigeria also has a wide array of underexploited mineral resources which include natural gas, coal, [[bauxite]], [[tantalite]], gold, [[tin]], iron ore, [[limestone]], [[niobium]], lead and [[zinc]].<ref name=Gov>{{cite book |title=The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind |first=The New York Times |author=Safire, William |publisher=Macmillan |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-312-37659-8 |page=1093 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=-BIGv9vIoqcC&pg=PA1093}}</ref> Despite huge deposits of these natural resources, the mining industry in Nigeria is still in its infancy.
=== Manufacturing and technology ===
[[File:Ajaokuta-factory.JPG|thumb|Ajaokuta factory]]
Nigeria has a manufacturing industry that includes leather and textiles (centred on Kano, Abeokuta, Onitsha, and Lagos), Nigeria currently has an indigenous auto manufacturing company; [[Innoson Vehicle Manufacturing]] located in Nnewi. It produces Buses and SUVs.car manufacturing (for the French car manufacturer [[Peugeot]] as well as for the English truck manufacturer [[Bedford Vehicles|Bedford]], now a subsidiary of [[General Motors]]), [[T-shirts]], plastics and [[processed food]].
Nigeria in recent years has been embracing industrialisation. It currently has an indigenous vehicle manufacturing company, Innoson Motors, which manufactures [[Bus rapid transit|Rapid Transit Buses]], trucks and [[SUV]]s with an upcoming introduction of cars.<ref name="AbujaInquirer">{{cite web |url=http://theabujainquirer.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=130:innoson-cars-will-sell-for-n1-million-in-2014-chukwuma&catid=88&Itemid=702 |title=Innoson cars will sell for N1 million in 2014 – Chukwuma |publisher=The Abuja Inquirer |accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref> Nigeria also has few Electronic manufacturers like Zinox, the first Branded Nigerian Computer and Electronic gadgets (like tablet PCs) manufacturers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517/ |title=Zinox Introduces Tablet Range of Computers, Plans Commercial Launch |publisher=This Day Live |work=This Day |date=24 October 2013 |accessdate=14 March 2014 |author=Okonji, Emma |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027075729/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/zinox-introduces-tablet-range-of-computers-plans-commercial-launch/162517 |archivedate=27 October 2013 |df= }}</ref> In 2013, Nigeria introduced a policy regarding import duty on vehicles to encourage local manufacturing companies in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/fg-raises-tariff-on-imported-cars/ |title=FG raises tariff on imported cars |publisher=Punch NG |work=Punch Newspaper |date=4 October 2014 |accessdate=14 March 2014 |author=Onuba, Ifeanyi |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127165800/http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/fg-raises-tariff-on-imported-cars/ |archivedate=27 November 2013 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/will-new-automotive-policy-give-us-affordable-made-nigeria-car/ |title=Will the new automotive policy give us affordable made-in-Nigeria car? |publisher=Vanguard Nigeria |work=Vanguard |date=19 January 2014 |accessdate=14 March 2014 |author=Clement, Udeme}}</ref> In this regard, some foreign vehicle manufacturing companies like ''Nissan'' have made known their plans to have manufacturing plants in Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/01/nissan-role-1st-made-nigeria-cars-april/ |title=Nissan to role out 1st made in Nigeria cars in April |publisher=Vanguard |work=Vanguard, Nigeria |date=24 January 2014 |accessdate=14 March 2014 |author=Agande, Ben}}</ref> [[Ogun State|Ogun]] is considered to be the current Nigeria's industrial hub, as most factories are located in Ogun and more companies are moving there, followed by [[Lagos State|Lagos]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/06/why-more-companies-are-moving-to-ogun/ |title=Industrial hub: Why more companies are moving to Ogun |publisher=Vanguard Nigeria |date=19 June 2013 |accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/05/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20140314202910/http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/05/ogun-states-rising-investment-profile/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=14 March 2014 |title=Ogun State's rising investment profile |publisher=Daily NewsWatch |date=5 May 2013 |accessdate=14 March 2014 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/219914-ogun-state-nigeria%E2%80%99s-new-industrial-hub.html |title=Ogun State: Nigeria's new Industrial hub |publisher=Online Nigeria News |date=27 November 2012 |accessdate=14 March 2014}}</ref>
The city of [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] in south-eastern part of the country are well known for their handicrafts, famously known as "Aba made".
=== Government satellites ===
The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from [[Russia]] on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the worldwide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System.<ref name="nairaland.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nairaland.com/nigeria/topic-192.0.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726152137/http://www.nairaland.com/nigeria/topic-192.0.html |archivedate=26 July 2011 |title=Nigeria has a Satellite in Orbit! (NigeriaSat-1) |publisher=Nairaland |date=9 May 2005}}</ref> The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control [[desertification]] in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in [[demographic]] planning; to establish the relationship between [[malaria]] vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of [[meningitis]] using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders.
NigeriaSat-2, Nigeria's second satellite, was built as a high-resolution earth satellite by Surrey Space Technology Limited, a [[United Kingdom]]-based satellite technology company. It has 2.5-metre resolution panchromatic (very high resolution), 5-metre multispectral (high resolution, NIR red, green and red bands), and 32-metre multispectral (medium resolution, NIR red, green and red bands) antennas, with a ground receiving station in [[Abuja]]. The NigeriaSat-2 spacecraft alone was built at a cost of over £35 million. This satellite was launched into [[orbit]] from a military base in China.<ref name="nairaland.com"/>
[[NigComSat-1]], a Nigerian satellite built in 2004, was Nigeria's third satellite and Africa's first communication satellite. It was launched on 13 May 2007, aboard a Chinese [[Long March 3B]] [[carrier rocket]], from the [[Xichang Satellite Launch Centre]] in [[China]]. The spacecraft was operated by [[NigComSat]] and the Nigerian Space Agency, [[NASRDA]]. On 11 November 2008, NigComSat-1 failed in orbit after running out of power because of an anomaly in its solar array. It was based on the Chinese [[DFH-4]] [[satellite bus]], and carries a variety of [[transponder]]s: 4 [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]]; 14 [[Ku-band]]; 8 [[Ka-band]]; and 2 [[L-band]]. It was designed to provide coverage to many parts of Africa, and the Ka-band transponders would also cover Italy.
On 10 November 2008 (0900 GMT), the satellite was reportedly switched off for analysis and to avoid a possible collision with other satellites. According to Nigerian Communications Satellite Limited, it was put into "emergency mode operation in order to effect mitigation and repairs".<ref>{{cite news|title='Technical problems' shut down Nigerian satellite |agency=AFP |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g4S4e2LVeoER0jCP79S0gw3tjp7A |date=12 November 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104051741/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5g4S4e2LVeoER0jCP79S0gw3tjp7A |archivedate=4 January 2011}}</ref> The satellite eventually failed after losing power on 11 November 2008.
On 24 March 2009, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, NigComSat Ltd. and CGWIC signed another contract for the in-orbit delivery of the NigComSat-1R satellite. NigComSat-1R was also a DFH-4 satellite, and the replacement for the failed NigComSat-1 was successfully launched into orbit by China in Xichang on 19 December 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgwic.com/In-OrbitDelivery/CommunicationsSatellite/Program/NigComSat-1.html|title=Nigcomsat-1 Program – In-Orbit Delivery Program – Communications Satellite – CGWIC|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cgwic.com/In-OrbitDelivery/CommunicationsSatellite/Program/NigComSat-1.html |title=Nigcomsat-1 Program – In-Orbit Delivery Program – Communications Satellite |publisher=CGWIC |accessdate=21 December 2010}}</ref> The satellite, according to then-Nigerian President [[Goodluck Jonathan]], was paid for by the insurance policy on NigComSat-1, which de-orbited in 2009. It was stated the satellite would have a positive impact on national development in various sectors such as communications, internet services, health, agriculture, environmental protection and national security.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://africanspotlight.com/2011/12/nigeria-launches-satellite-in-china/|title=Nigeria Launches Satellite in China|publisher=African Spotlight|accessdate=10 March 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214013850/http://africanspotlight.com/2011/12/nigeria-launches-satellite-in-china/|archivedate=14 February 2012}}</ref>
== సాహితీవేత్తలు ==
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