ఘనా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
Content deleted Content added
పంక్తి 542:
{{As of|2012}}, the [[HIV/AIDS]] prevalence was estimated at 1.40% among adults aged 15–49.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html|title=Library publications|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221190412/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html|archive-date=21 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{{clear right}}
==Culture==
{{Main|Culture of Ghana}}
[[File:FB 20151104 19 47 22 Saved Picture(1).jpg|thumb|[[Hogbetsotso festival]] in the [[Volta region]]]]
Ghanaian culture is a diverse mixture of the practices and beliefs of many different [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian]] ethnic groups. The 2010 census reported that the largest ethnic groups are the Akan (47.3 percent), the Mole-Dagbani (16.6 percent), the Ewe (13.9 percent), the Ga-Dangme (7.4 percent), the Gurma (5.7) and the Guan (3.7 percent).<ref name="statsghana.gov.gh">{{cite web |title=2010 Population & Housing Census: National Analytical Report |publisher=Ghana Statistical Service |date=May 2013 |url=http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712212518/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/National_Analytical_Report.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2018 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Akan make up a majority of the population in the Central (81.7 percent), Western (78.2 percent), Ashanti (74.2 percent), Brong Ahafo (58.9 percent) and Eastern (51.1 percent) regions.<ref name="statsghana.gov.gh"/>
===Food and drink===
{{Main|Ghanaian cuisine}}
[[Ghanaian cuisine]] and [[gastronomy]] is diverse, and includes an assortment of [[soup]]s and [[stew]]s with varied seafoods and most Ghanaian soups are prepared with vegetables, meat, poultry or fish.<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/> Fish is important in the Ghanaian [[Diet (nutrition)|diet]] with [[tilapia]], roasted and fried [[whitebait]], [[smoked fish]] and [[crayfish]] all being common components of Ghanaian dishes.<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/>
[[Banku]] (Akple) is a common Ghanaian [[starch]]y food made from ground corn (maize),<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/> and cornmeal based staples, dokonu ([[kenkey]]) and banku (akple) are usually accompanied by some form of [[fried fish]] (chinam) or grilled tilapia and a very spicy condiment made from raw red and green [[Chili pepper|chillies]], onions and tomatoes ([[pepper sauce]]).<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/> Banku and tilapia is a combo served in most Ghanaian restaurants.<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup">{{cite web|url=http://www.kadirecipes.com/2011/10/22/banku-and-okra-soup/|title=Ghanaian cuisine, dokonu, banku, okra and soup|publisher=kadirecipes.com|author=Oumoupoo Bah|date=22 October 2011|accessdate=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121174204/http://www.kadirecipes.com/2011/10/22/banku-and-okra-soup/|archive-date=21 January 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Fufu]] is the most common exported Ghanaian dish in that it is a delicacy across the [[African diaspora]].<ref name="Ghanaian cuisine, banku, okra and soup"/>
===Literature===
The Ghanaian national literature radio programme and accompanying publication ''[[Voices of Ghana]]'' was one of the earliest on the African continent. The most prominent Ghanaian authors are novelists; [[J. E. Casely Hayford]], [[Ayi Kwei Armah]] and [[Nii Ayikwei Parkes]], who gained international acclaim with the books, ''Ethiopia Unbound'' (1911), ''[[The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born]]'' (1968) and ''Tail of the Blue Bird'' (2009), respectively.<ref name="LIT">{{cite web |work= Amadeus |url= http://www.amadeus.net/home/destinations/es/guides/gh/cul.htm |title= Ghana |language= Spanish |accessdate= 1 August 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150223225901/https://www.amadeus.net/home/destinations/es/guides/gh/cul.htm |archive-date= 23 February 2015 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}</ref> In addition to novels, other literature arts such as Ghanaian theatre and poetry have also had a very good development and support at the national level with prominent Ghanaian playwrights and poets [[Joe de Graft]] and [[Efua Sutherland]].<ref name="LIT"/>
===Adinkra===
{{Main|Adinkra symbols}}
[[File:Adinkra motifs Rattray 1927.jpg|thumb|[[Adinkra symbols]] by [[Robert Sutherland Rattray]]]]
During the 13th century, Ghanaians developed their unique art of ''[[Adinkra symbols|adinkra]]'' printing. Hand-printed and hand-[[Embroidery|embroidered]] adinkra clothes were made and used exclusively by the then Ghanaian royalty for devotional ceremonies. Each of the [[Motif (visual arts)|motifs]] that make up the [[Text corpus|corpus]] of adinkra symbolism has a name and meaning derived from a proverb, a historical event, human attitude, [[ethology]], [[plant life-form]], or [[shape]]s of [[inanimate]] and man-made objects. These are graphically rendered in stylised geometric shapes. The meanings of the motifs may be categorised into [[aesthetics]], ethics, [[Interpersonal relationship|human relations]], and concepts.<ref name="LIT"/>
The Adinkra symbols have a decorative function as [[tattoo]]s but also represent objects that encapsulate evocative messages that convey traditional wisdom, aspects of life or the environment. There are many different symbols with distinct meanings, often linked with [[proverb]]s. In the words of [[Anthony Appiah]], they were one of the means in a pre-literate society for "supporting the transmission of a complex and nuanced body of practice and belief".<ref>{{cite book|last=Appiah|first=Kwame Anthony|title=In my father's house : Africa in the philosophy of culture|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0-19-506852-8|edition=1.paperbackedition 1993.|authorlink=Anthony Appiah}}</ref>
===Traditional clothing===
{{Main|Kente cloth}}
Along with the ''Adinkra cloth'' Ghanaians use many different cloth fabrics for their traditional attire.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> The different ethnic groups have their own individual cloth. The most well known is the [[Kente]] cloth.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> Kente is a very important Ghanaian [[national costume]] and clothing and these cloths are used to make traditional and modern Ghanaian Kente [[attire]].<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth">{{cite web |url=http://www.kentecloth.net/ghanaian-kente-cloth/ |title=Ghanaian Kente Cloth |publisher=kentecloth.net |accessdate=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607002652/http://www.kentecloth.net/ghanaian-kente-cloth/ |archive-date=7 June 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Different symbols and different colours mean different things.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> [[Kente cloth|Kente]] is the most famous of all the Ghanaian cloths.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> Kente is a ceremonial cloth hand-woven on a horizontal [[Loom|treadle loom]] and strips measuring about 4 inches wide are sewn together into larger pieces of cloths.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> Cloths come in various colours, sizes and designs and are worn during very important social and religious occasions.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/>
In a cultural context, kente is more important than just a cloth and it is a visual representation of history and also a form of written language through weaving.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> The term kente has its roots in the Akan word ''kɛntɛn'' which means a basket and the first kente weavers used raffia fibres to weave cloths that looked like kenten (a basket); and thus were referred to as ''kenten ntoma''; meaning basket cloth.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/> The original Akan name of the cloth was ''nsaduaso'' or ''nwontoma'', meaning "a cloth hand-woven on a loom"; however, "kente" is the most frequently used term today.<ref name="Ghanaian Kente Cloth"/>
{{clear left}}
===Modern clothing===
{{multiple image
| align = left
| width1 = 150
| width2 = 150
| image1 = Comtemporary Ghanaian men fashion.jpg
| image2 = Comtemporary Ghanaian womenswear.jpg
| caption1 = Contemporary Ghanaian men's fashion with Kente and other traditional styles
| caption2 = Contemporary Ghanaian women's fashion with African print/Ankara and other fabrics
}}
Contemporary Ghanaian fashion includes traditional and modern styles and fabrics and has made its way into the African and global fashion scene. The cloth known as [[African waxprints|African print fabric]] was created out of Dutch wax textiles, it is believed that in the late 1800s, Dutch ships on their way to Asia stocked with machine-made textiles that mimicked Indonesian Batik stopped at many West African ports on the way. The fabrics did not do well in Asia. However, in West Africa – mainly Ghana where there was an already established market for cloths and textiles – the client base grew and it was changed to include local and traditional designs, colours and patterns to cater to the taste of the new consumers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrendesign.com/the-story-behind-african-wax-print-cloth/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925182125/http://thewrendesign.com/the-story-behind-african-wax-print-cloth/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=25 September 2010|title=The Story Behind African Wax Print Cloth|publisher=Thewrendesign.com|date=10 July 2008|accessdate=24 January 2015}}</ref>
Today outside of Africa it is called "Ankara" and it has a client base well beyond Ghana and Africa as a whole. It is very popular among Caribbean peoples and African Americans; celebrities such as [[Solange Knowles]] and her sister [[Beyoncé]] have been seen wearing African print attire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fashionmagazine.com/scene/red-carpet-society/2013/04/05/beyonce-vs-solange-prints//|author=Erin Wilson|title=Beyonce vs. Solange: Which Sister Wears Bold Prints Best|publisher=Fashionmagazine.com|date=5 April 2013|accessdate=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216230934/http://www.fashionmagazine.com/scene/red-carpet-society/2013/04/05/beyonce-vs-solange-prints/|archive-date=16 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Many designers from countries in North America and Europe are now using African prints and it has gained a global interest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://munaluchibridal.com/african-inspired-spring-2012-collections-takes-over-lfw-nyfw/|title=African-Inspired Spring 2012 Collections Takes Over LFW & NYFW|author=ChiomaChinweoke|publisher=munaluchibridal.com|date=21 September 2011|accessdate=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216214432/http://munaluchibridal.com/african-inspired-spring-2012-collections-takes-over-lfw-nyfw/|archive-date=16 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> British luxury fashion house [[Burberry]] created a collection around Ghanaian styles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/african-style-finds-global-following-but-little-support-from-african-leaders/|title=African Style Goes Global, Despite Little Tangible Support From African Leaders|author=Frankie Edozien|work=The New York Times|date=26 May 2012|accessdate=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910140503/http://rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/african-style-finds-global-following-but-little-support-from-african-leaders/|archive-date=10 September 2015|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> American musician [[Gwen Stefani]] has repeatedly incorporated African prints into her clothing line and can often be seen wearing it.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/news/design-gwen-stefanis-l-a-m-b-spring-2011-collection/ |title=Design: Gwen Stefani's L.A.M.B Spring 2011 Collection |publisher=Okayafrica.com |date=3 August 2011 |accessdate=24 January 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216220100/http://www.okayafrica.com/news/design-gwen-stefanis-l-a-m-b-spring-2011-collection/ |archivedate=16 December 2014 }}</ref> Internationally acclaimed Ghanaian-British designer [[Ozwald Boateng]] introduced African print suits in his 2012 collection.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.africanprintinfashion.com/2012/09/african-icons-show-at-nyfw-ozwald.html|title=African Icons Show at NYFW: Ozwald Boateng|publisher=Africanprintinfashion.com|date=10 September 2012|accessdate=24 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216215105/http://www.africanprintinfashion.com/2012/09/african-icons-show-at-nyfw-ozwald.html|archive-date=16 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
===Music and dance===
{{Main|Music of Ghana|Azonto|Kpanlogo}}
[[File:Traditional Adowa dance form and music performance.ogv|thumb|Traditional [[Adowa dance]] form and music performance.]]
The [[music of Ghana]] is diverse and varies between different ethnic groups and regions. Ghanaian music incorporates several distinct types of musical instruments such as the talking drum ensembles, [[Akan Drum]], [[goje]] fiddle and <!--No Wikipedia article for [[koloko]]-->koloko lute, court music, including the Akan [[Seperewa]], the Akan atumpan, the Ga kpanlogo styles, and log [[xylophone]]s used in asonko music.<ref name="Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife"/> The most well known genres to have come from Ghana are African jazz, which was created by Ghanaian artist [[Guy Warren|Kofi Ghanaba]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200902120888.html|title=Ghana: Kofi Ghanaba – Influential Drummer Who Emphasised the African Origins of Jazz|date=12 February 2009|publisher=Ghanaian Chronicle|accessdate=30 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008182524/http://allafrica.com/stories/200902120888.html|archive-date=8 October 2012|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and its earliest form of secular music, called [[highlife]].<ref name="Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldmusic.net/guide/ghana-from-highlife-to-hiplife/|title=Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife|publisher=worldmusic.net|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607004721/http://www.worldmusic.net/guide/ghana-from-highlife-to-hiplife/|archive-date=7 June 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Highlife originated in the late 19th century and early 20th century and spread throughout West Africa.<ref name="Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife"/> In the 1990s a new genre of music was created by the youth incorporating the influences of highlife, Afro-reggae, [[dancehall]] and [[hiphop]].<ref name="Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife"/> This hybrid was called [[hiplife]].<ref name="Ghana: From Highlife to Hiplife"/> Ghanaian artists such as "Afro Roots" singer, activist and songwriter [[Rocky Dawuni]], R&B and soul singer [[Rhian Benson]] and [[Sarkodie (rapper)|Sarkodie]] have had international success.<ref name="Rhian Benson's global soul sound">{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/01/ghana.rhian.benson/|title=Rhian Benson's global soul sound|publisher=CNN|date=1 March 2011|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606204320/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/03/01/ghana.rhian.benson/|archive-date=6 June 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Sarkodie">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/sarkodie/|title=Sarkodie|publisher=ghanacelebrities.com|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520121459/http://www.ghanacelebrities.com/sarkodie/|archive-date=20 May 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In December 2015, Rocky Dawuni became the first Ghanaian musician to be nominated for a Grammy award in the [[Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album]] category for his 6th studio album titled ''Branches of The Same Tree''<ref>{{cite web|title=Branches of the Same Tree album|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/branches-of-the-same-tree/id963525098|publisher=iTunes|accessdate=16 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307063130/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/branches-of-the-same-tree/id963525098|archive-date=7 March 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> released 31 March 2015.
Ghanaian dance is as diverse as its music, and there are traditional dances and different dances for different occasions.<ref name="Dance, Ghana">{{cite web|work=Temple|url=http://www.temple.edu/studyabroad/students/fulbright/documents/mfa_dance_ghana.pdf|title=Dance, Ghana|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226065738/http://www.temple.edu/studyabroad/students/fulbright/documents/mfa_dance_ghana.pdf|archive-date=26 December 2011|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The most known Ghanaian dances are those for celebrations. These dances include the [[Adowa dance|Adowa]], [[Kpanlogo]], [[Azonto]], Klama, and Bamaya.<ref name="Dance, Ghana"/>
===Film===
{{multiple image
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| width =
| footer = <center>Popular [[List of Ghanaian actors|actor of Ghanaian ancestry]], [[Van Vicker]], and international actors [[Boris Kodjoe]] and [[Idris Elba]]</center>
| image1 = Van Vicker (Cropped).jpg
| width1 = 99
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Boris Kodjoe 2010 c.jpg
| width2 = 108
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| image3 = Idris Elba 2014.jpg
| width3 = 100
| alt3 =
| caption3 =
}}
Ghana has a budding and thriving film industry. Ghana's film industry dates as far back as 1948 when the Gold Coast Film Unit was set up in the Information Services Department.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gold Coast Film Unit|url=http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/production-company/gold-coast-film-unit|publisher=Colonialfilm.org.uk|accessdate=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117123221/http://colonialfilm.org.uk/production-company/gold-coast-film-unit|archive-date=17 November 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Some internationally recognised films have come from Ghana. In 1970, ''I Told You So'' was one of the first Ghanaian films to receive international acknowledgement and received great reviews from ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref>{{IMDb title|65873|I Told You So}}</ref> It was followed by the 1973 Ghanaian and Italian production ''The African Deal'' also known as "''Contratto carnale''" featuring [[Bahamian American]] actor [[Calvin Lockhart]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The African Deal (1973)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069917/|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226173418/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069917/|archive-date=26 February 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> 1983's ''Kukurantumi: the Road to Accra'', a Ghanaian and German production directed by King Ampaw, was written about by famous American film critic [[Vincent Canby]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Kukurantumi The Road To Accra (1983)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9804EFDE1F39F932A35757C0A962948260|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 April 1984|accessdate=2 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410144701/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9804EFDE1F39F932A35757C0A962948260|archive-date=10 April 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1987, ''[[Cobra Verde]]'', another Ghanaian and German production directed by Werner Herzog, received international acclamation and in 1988, ''Heritage Africa'' won more than 12 film awards.
In recent times there have been collaborations between Ghanaian and Nigerian crew and cast and a number of productions turned out. Many Ghanaian films are co-produced with [[Cinema of Nigeria|Nollywood]], the Nigerian film industry, and some are distributed by Nigerian marketers. Also, Nigerian filmmakers often feature Ghanaian actors and actresses in their movies and Ghanaian filmmakers feature Nigerian actors and actresses in theirs. [[Nadia Buari]], [[Yvonne Nelson]], [[Lydia Forson]] and [[Jackie Appiah]] all popular Ghanaian actresses and [[Van Vicker]] and [[Majid Michel]] both popular Ghanaian actors, have starred in many Nigerian movies. As a result of these collaborations, Western viewers often confuse Ghanaian movies with Nollywood and count their sales as one; however, they are two independent industries that sometimes share ''Nollywood''. In 2009, [[Unesco]] described Nollywood as the second-biggest film industry in the world after [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article7086248.ece |title=Nollywood success puts Nigeria's film industry in regional spotlight |work=The Times|first=Jonathan|last=Clayton|date=3 April 2010|accessdate=3 April 2010}}</ref>
===Media===
{{Main|Media of Ghana}}
[[File:Ghana Trustworthiness of Media.jpg|thumb|Ghana mass media, [[news]] and information provided by television.]]
The [[media of Ghana]] are amongst the most free in Africa. Chapter 12 of the 1992 [[Constitution of Ghana]] guarantees [[freedom of the press]] and independence of the media, while Chapter 2 prohibits censorship.<ref name=gov>{{cite web|url=http://ghana.gov.gh/ghana/constitution_republic_ghana.jsp |title=Constitution of Ghana |accessdate=18 May 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324233340/http://ghana.gov.gh/ghana/constitution_republic_ghana.jsp |archivedate=24 March 2008 }}, ''Government of Ghana''.</ref> Post-independence, the government and media often had a tense relationship, with private outlets closed during the military governments and strict media laws that prevented criticism of government.<ref name=Anokwa>Anokwa, K. (1997). In ''Press Freedom and Communication in Africa.'' Erbio, F. & Jong-Ebot, W. (Eds.) Africa World Press. {{ISBN|978-0-86543-551-3}}.</ref>
Press freedoms were restored in 1992, and after the election in 2000 of [[John Kufuor|John Agyekum Kufuor]] the tensions between the private media and government decreased. Kufuor supported press freedom and repealed a [[Defamation|libel]] law, but maintained that the media had to act responsibly.<ref name=pr>[http://www.pressreference.com/Fa-Gu/Ghana.html Basic Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116031932/http://www.pressreference.com/Fa-Gu/Ghana.html |date=16 January 2009 }}. pressreference.com</ref> The Ghanaian media has been described as "one of the most unfettered" in Africa, operating with little restriction. The private press often carries criticism of government policy.<ref name=bbc>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1023355.stm#media BBC Country Profile: Ghana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615131247/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1023355.stm#media |date=15 June 2006 }}, [[BBC News]].</ref>
===Sports===
{{Main|Sports in Ghana}}
{{See also|Ghana at the 2010 Winter Olympics|l1=Ghana at the Winter Olympics|Ghana at the Olympics}}
[[File:20150331 Mali vs Ghana 042.jpg|thumb|left|Black Stars, the [[Ghana national football team]].]]
Association football (or soccer) is the most spectated [[Sports in Ghana|sport in Ghana]] and the [[Ghana national football team|national men's football team]] is known as the Black Stars, with the [[Ghana national under-20 football team|under-20 team]] known as the Black Satellites.<ref name="Ghana thrilled by historic title"/> Ghana has won the [[African Cup of Nations]] four times, the [[FIFA U-20 World Cup]] once, and has participated in three consecutive [[FIFA World Cup]]s dating back to 2006.<ref name="Ghana thrilled by historic title">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/8311948.stm |title=Ghana thrilled by historic title |publisher=BBC |date=17 October 2009 |accessdate=6 June 2014}}</ref> In the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]], Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter-final stage of the World Cup after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_50 |title=USA 1–2 Ghana (aet) |publisher=BBC |date=26 June 2009 |accessdate=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617074443/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_50 |archive-date=17 June 2010 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Ghana national U-20 football team, known as the ''Black Satellites'', is considered to be the feeder team for the [[Ghana national football team]]. Ghana is the first and only country on the [[African continent|Africa continent]] to be crowned [[2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup|FIFA U-20 World Cup Champions]],<ref name="Ghana thrilled by historic title"/> and two-time runners up in [[1993 FIFA World Youth Championship|1993]] and [[2001 FIFA World Youth Championship|2001]]. The Ghana national U-17 football team known as the Black Starlets are two-time [[FIFA U-17 World Cup]] champions in [[1991 FIFA U-17 World Championship|1991]] and [[1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship|1995]], two-time runners up in [[1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship|1993]] and [[1997 FIFA World Youth Championship|1997]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesw/wyc16hist.html |title=World Championship for U-16/U-17 Teams |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation |accessdate=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826132748/http://www.rsssf.com/tablesw/wyc16hist.html |archive-date=26 August 2005 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
[[File:Black Stars Goal Celebration (Ghana national football team).jpg|thumb|Black Stars [[goal celebration]].]]
Ghanaian [[football team]]s Asante Kotoko SC and Accra Hearts of Oak SC are the 5th and 9th best [[football team]]s on the [[African continent|Africa continent]] and have won a total of five Africa continental association football and [[Confederation of African Football]] trophies; Ghanaian football club [[Asante Kotoko SC]] has been crowned two-time [[CAF Champions League]] winners in [[1970 African Cup of Champions Clubs|1970]], [[1983 African Cup of Champions Clubs|1983]] and five-time CAF Champions League runners up, and Ghanaian football club [[Accra Hearts of Oak SC]] has been crowned [[2000 CAF Champions League]] winner and two-time CAF Champions League runners up, 2001 [[CAF Super Cup]] champions and [[2004 CAF Confederation Cup]] champions.<ref name="Africa's club of the Century"/> The [[International Federation of Football History and Statistics]] crowned Asante Kotoko SC as the [[International Federation of Football History & Statistics#Continental Clubs of the 20th Century|African club of the 20th century]].<ref name="Africa's club of the Century">{{cite web|url=http://www.iffhs.de/?c813f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01f05fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883dcfc5ff0b|title=Africa's club of the Century|work=IFFHS official website|accessdate=21 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921110231/http://www.iffhs.de/?c813f0e03790c443e0f40390b41be8b01f05fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeedb883dcfc5ff0b|archive-date=21 September 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There are several club football teams in Ghana that play in the [[Ghana Premier League]] and [[Ghana Football Leagues|Division One League]], both administered by the [[Ghana Football Association]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/|title=Premier League|publisher=ghanafa.org|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531130339/http://www.ghanafa.org/pages/premierleague/|archive-date=31 May 2014|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
[[File:2010 Opening Ceremony - Ghana entering.jpg|thumb|left|Ghanaian [[winter sport]]s Olympic team at the [[opening ceremony]] of the 2010 [[Winter Olympics]]]]
Ghana competed in the Winter Olympics in 2010 for the first time. Ghana qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics, scoring 137.5 [[International Ski Federation]] points, within the qualifying range of 120–140 points.<ref name="0-21">{{cite web|url=http://www.0-21.co.uk/index.php/200903133581/News/Rider/Base-Camp-Sponsored-Ghanaian-skier-Kwame-NkrumahAcheampong-has-qualified-for-2010-Olympics.html|title=Base Camp Sponsored Ghanaian skier Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong has qualified for 2010 Olympics|publisher=0–21 Snowboarding|date=13 March 2009|accessdate=26 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002102230/http://www.0-21.co.uk/index.php/200903133581/News/Rider/Base-Camp-Sponsored-Ghanaian-skier-Kwame-NkrumahAcheampong-has-qualified-for-2010-Olympics.html|archive-date=2 October 2013|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ghanaian [[Skiing|skier]], [[Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong]], nicknamed "The [[snow leopard]]", became the first [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian]] to take part in the [[Winter Olympics]], at the [[2010 Winter Olympics]] held in [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, Canada,<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|last=Dutta|first=Kunal|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/forget-eric-the-eel-meet-the-snow-leopard-1806888.html|title=Forget Eric the Eel... meet the Snow Leopard|work=[[The Independent]]|date=22 October 2009|accessdate=26 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104181112/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/olympics/forget-eric-the-eel-meet-the-snow-leopard-1806888.html|archive-date=4 November 2012|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> taking part in the [[slalom skiing]].<ref name="Vancouver 2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/kwame-nkrumah-acheampong_ath1076551ZG.html |title=Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong, Alpine Skiing |publisher=Vancouver, 2010 |accessdate=26 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219204633/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/kwame-nkrumah-acheampong_ath1076551ZG.html |archivedate=19 February 2010 }}</ref>
Ghana finished 47th out of 102 participating nations, of whom 54 finished in the [[Alpine skiing at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men's slalom|Alpine skiing slalom]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/schedule-and-results/mens-slalom-2nd-run_asm020102kP.html |title=Men's Slalom – Run 2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408202557/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/schedule-and-results/mens-slalom-2nd-run_asm020102kP.html |archive-date=8 April 2010 |website=Vancouver 2010 Olympic Games official website |access-date=26 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Results">{{cite web|url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/schedule-and-results/mens-slalom-1st-run_asm020101Je.html |title=Men's Slalom |publisher=Vancouver, 2010 |accessdate=26 June 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100408234256/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/schedule-and-results/mens-slalom-1st-run_asm020101Je.html |archivedate=8 April 2010 }}</ref> [[Kwame Nkrumah-Acheampong]] broke on the international [[skiing]] circuit, being the second [[Black people|black African]] skier to do so.<ref name="Ghana's first winter Olympian">{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/ghanas-first-winter-olympian-gears-199086|title=Ghana's first winter Olympian gears up for Vancouver Games|author=Chris Wilson|work=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=3 February 2010|accessdate=26 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525193326/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/ghanas-first-winter-olympian-gears-199086|archive-date=25 May 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ghanaian athletes have won a total of four Olympics medals in thirteen appearances at the [[Summer Olympics]], three in [[boxing]], and a [[bronze medal]] in association football, and thus became the first country on the [[African continent|Africa continent]] to win a [[medal]] at association football.<ref name="Ghana Olympic">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/9451954.stm|title=Ghana clinging to Olympic dream|work=BBC News|date=8 April 2011|accessdate=26 June 2013}}</ref>
The country has also produced a number of world class boxers, including [[Azumah Nelson]] a three-time world champion and considered as Africa's greatest [[boxer]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/07/sport/azumah-nelson-boxing-ghana/|title=Is Azumah Nelson Africa's greatest boxer?|author=[[Errol Barnett]]|publisher=CNN|date=10 August 2012|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606213758/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/07/sport/azumah-nelson-boxing-ghana/|archive-date=6 June 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Top 5 Ghanaian Boxers"/> [[Nana Konadu|Nana Yaw Konadu]] also a three-time world champion,<ref name="Top 5 Ghanaian Boxers"/> [[Ike Quartey]],<ref name="Top 5 Ghanaian Boxers"/> and [[Joshua Clottey]].<ref name="Top 5 Ghanaian Boxers">{{cite news|url=http://www.proboxing-fans.com/boxing-101/best-of-a-nation/top-5-ghanaian-boxers/|title=Top 5 Ghanaian Boxers|publisher=proboxing-fans.com|accessdate=6 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606222940/http://www.proboxing-fans.com/boxing-101/best-of-a-nation/top-5-ghanaian-boxers/|archive-date=6 June 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ghana's women's football team won bronze at the [[Africa Women Cup of Nations]] 2016 edition in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The team beat South Africa 1–0.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2016/12/02/Banyana-go-down-to-Ghana-in-womens-Afcon-bronze-medal-match|title=Banyana go down to Ghana in women's Afcon bronze-medal match|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205151234/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2016/12/02/Banyana-go-down-to-Ghana-in-womens-Afcon-bronze-medal-match|archive-date=5 December 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Ghana will host the [[2023 African Games]] in [[Accra]].{{clear}}
===Cultural heritage and architecture===
{{See also|Ghana's material cultural heritage|List of museums in Ghana|l2=Ghanaian museums}}
[[File:Ghanés Arquitectura Postmoderna y Arquitectura Futurista (Ghanaian Postmodern Architecture and Futurist Architecture).JPG|thumb|Ghanaian [[postmodern architecture]]]]
[[File:Accra Skyline.jpg|alt=Accra, 2019|thumb|Accra, 2019]]
There are two types of Ghanaian traditional construction: the series of adjacent buildings in an enclosure around a common are common and the traditional round huts with grass roof.<ref name="ARC">{{cite web |work = Countriesquest |url = http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/ghana/culture/art_and_architecture.htm |title = Culture, Art and Architecture: Ghana |accessdate = 10 May 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150304203925/http://www.countriesquest.com/africa/ghana/culture/art_and_architecture.htm |archive-date = 4 March 2015 |dead-url = no |df = dmy-all }}</ref> The round huts with grass roof architecture are situated in the northern regions of Ghana ([[Northern Region (Ghana)|Northern]], [[Upper East Region|Upper East]] and [[Upper West Region|Upper West]] regions), while the series of adjacent buildings are in the southern regions of Ghana ([[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]], [[Brong-Ahafo Region|Brong-Ahafo]], [[Central Region (Ghana)|Central]], [[Eastern Region (Ghana)|Eastern]], [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]] and [[Western Region (Ghana)|Western]] regions).<ref name="ARC"/>
Ghanaian [[postmodern architecture]] and [[high-tech architecture]] buildings are predominant in the Ghanaian southern regions, while the Ghanaian [[heritage site]]s are most evident by the more than thirty [[fort]]s and [[castle]]s built in Ghana. Some of these forts are [[Fort William (fort)|Fort William]] and [[Fort Amsterdam (Ghana)|Fort Amsterdam]]. Ghana has museums that are situated inside castles, and two are situated inside a fort.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/> The [[Armed Forces Museum (Ghana)|Military Museum]] and the [[National Museum of Ghana|National Museum]] organise temporary exhibitions.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board">{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanamuseums.org/index.php |title=Ghana Museums and Monuments Board |accessdate=10 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130235605/http://www.ghanamuseums.org/index.php |archive-date=30 January 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Ghana has museums that show a in-depth look at specific [[Regions of Ghana|Ghanaian regions]], there are a number of museums that provide insight into the traditions and history of their own geographical area in Ghana.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/> The [[Cape Coast Castle]] Museum and St. Georges Castle ([[Elmina Castle]]) Museum offer [[guided tour]]s. The [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Museum of Science and Technology]] provides its visitors with a look into the domain of Ghanaian [[Science|scientific]] development, through exhibits of objects of scientific and [[Technology|technological]] interest.<ref name="Museums and Monuments Board"/>
== వెలుపలి లింకులు ==
| |||