ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
Content deleted Content added
Arjunaraoc (చర్చ | రచనలు) |
Arjunaraoc (చర్చ | రచనలు) చి →విద్యారంగము: ఇంకా రవాణా రంగం అనువదించాలి, అచేతనం చేయబడినది. |
||
పంక్తి 198:
విశాఖపట్నం జిల్లాలో ఏటి కొప్పాక అను గ్రామంలో ఇప్పటికీ చెక్క బొమ్మలు తయారగుచున్నవి. కృష్ణాజిల్లాలో కొండపల్లి అను గ్రామంలో కొండపల్లి బొమ్మలు తయారగుచున్నవి.
==రవాణా రంగం==
రహదారి మరియు రైలు మార్గాలద్వారా ఇతర రాష్ట్రాలకు కలపబడివుంది. విమానయాన, మరియు సముద్రయాన మార్గాలు కూడా వున్నాయి. బంగాళఖాత తీరంలో, సముద్ర వ్యాపారానికి అనువుగా సముద్ర ఓడరేవులున్నాయి. విజయవాడ లో అతి పెద్దదైన రైలు కూడలి, విశాఖపట్నంలో అతి పెద్ద ఓడరేవు వుంది.
<!--
=== Roads ===
[[File:Rps20160709 141628.jpg|thumb|[[Vijayawada]]-[[Guntur]] Expressway section of NH-16]]
The state has a total road network of {{Convert|53403|km|mi|abbr=on}}, of which {{Convert|6401|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[National Highway (India)|National highways]], {{Convert|14722|km|mi|abbr=on}} of [[state highways]] and {{convert|32280|km|mi|abbr=on}} of district roads.<ref>{{cite news |title=4000-km Andhra Pradesh highways to be maintained by private companies |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/may/06/4000-km-andhra-pradesh-highways-to-be-maintained-by-private-companies-1810888.html |accessdate=26 April 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 May 2018 |location=Vijayawada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426141054/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2018/may/06/4000-km-andhra-pradesh-highways-to-be-maintained-by-private-companies-1810888.html |archive-date=26 April 2019 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref> [[National Highway 5 (India)(old numbering)|NH 16]], with a highway network of around {{convert|1000|km|mi|abbr=on}} in the state, is a part of [[Golden Quadrilateral Project]] undertaken by [[National Highways Development Project]]. It also forms part of [[Asian Highway|AH 45]] which comes under the [[Asian Highway Network]].
The state government owned [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]] (APSRTC) is the major public bus transport, which runs thousands of buses connecting different parts of the state. [[Pandit Nehru Bus Station]] (PNBS) in [[Vijayawada]] is one of the largest bus terminals in [[Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Contact%20Us/Grievances/Citi-Chart.htm |title=citi-Charter |publisher=Apsrtc.gov.in |accessdate=19 August 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917143549/http://apsrtc.gov.in/Contact%20Us/Grievances/Citi-Chart.htm |archivedate=17 September 2010 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> From 30 January 2019, all the vehicles in the state are registered as [[List of RTO districts in India|AP–39]], followed by an alphabet and four digits.<ref>{{cite news |title=New ‘AP 39’ code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |accessdate=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada}}</ref>
=== Railways ===
{{See also|South Coast Railway zone}}
[[File:VijayawadaRailwayStation.jpg|thumb|[[Vijayawada railway station]]]]Andhra Pradesh <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/politics/ap-budget-2018-19-highlights-1050949|title=AP Budget 2018–19 Highlights – Sakshi|publisher=|accessdate=28 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308092618/https://www.sakshi.com/news/politics/ap-budget-2018-19-highlights-1050949|archive-date=8 March 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> has a total [[broad gauge]] railway route of 3703.25 km and has no [[Metre gauge railway|metre gauge]] railway.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155019|title=Statewise Length of Railway Lines and Survey For New Railway Lines|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011404/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155019|archive-date=5 January 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The rail density of the state is 16.59 per {{Convert|1000|km|abbr=on}}, compared to an all India average of 20.<ref name="apedb">{{cite web|url=http://apedb.gov.in/infrastrctr.html|title=Infrastructure – Connectivity – Rail|publisher=Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board|website=apedb.gov.in|access-date=30 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629144351/http://apedb.gov.in/infrastrctr.html|archive-date=29 June 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The [[Howrah–Chennai main line]] which runs through the state is proposed to be upgraded into a high-speed rail corridor through the [[Diamond Quadrilateral]] project of the Indian Railways.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/need-for-speed-rly-board-looks-at-2-more-bullet-train-corridors/articleshow/59746546.cms|title=Bullet Train Corridors|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916145129/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/need-for-speed-rly-board-looks-at-2-more-bullet-train-corridors/articleshow/59746546.cms|archive-date=16 September 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148794|title=Diamond Quadrilateral|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612224549/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148794|archive-date=12 June 2017|dead-url=yes|access-date=}}</ref>
The railway network spans two [[Zones and divisions of Indian Railways|zones]], further subdivided into divisions – [[Vijayawada railway division|Vijayawada]], [[Guntur railway division|Guntur]] and [[Guntakal railway division]]s of [[South Central Railway zone]].,<ref name="scr">{{cite web|url=http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206015535/http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1|dead-url=yes|archive-date=6 February 2011|title=State-wise Route Kilometerage|website=South Central Railway|accessdate=23 April 2017}}</ref> and [[Waltair railway division]] of [[East Coast Railway zone]].<ref>{{cite web|title=ECoR – WALTAIR DIVISION|url=http://eastcoastrailwaywaltairdivision.blogspot.in/|website=eastcoastrailwaywaltairdivision.blogspot.in|accessdate=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420105937/http://eastcoastrailwaywaltairdivision.blogspot.in/|archive-date=20 April 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There is a demand for creating a unified zone for the state based out of [[Visakhapatnam]].
There are three A1 and twenty three A-category railway stations in the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing category-wise No.of stations|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf|website=South Central Railway|accessdate=23 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf|archive-date=28 January 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Visakhapatnam railway station]] has been declared the cleanest railway station in the country.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-billed-the-cleanest-rail-station/article18478254.ece|title=Vizag billed the cleanest rail station|date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|access-date=4 January 2018|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104133007/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-billed-the-cleanest-rail-station/article18478254.ece|archive-date=4 January 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The railway station of [[Shimiliguda]] was the first highest [[broad gauge]] railway station in the country.<ref>{{cite news|last1=BHATTACHARJEE|first1=SUMIT|title=Hidden 100 – 58 tunnels. 84 bridges. Welcome to Araku Valley|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/hidden-100-58-tunnels-84-bridges-welcome-to-araku-valley/article2594651.ece|accessdate=23 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609115011/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/hidden-100-58-tunnels-84-bridges-welcome-to-araku-valley/article2594651.ece|archive-date=9 June 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
=== Airports ===
{{See also|List of airports in Andhra Pradesh}}
[[File:Map of Airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh.png|thumb|Map of airports and airstrips of Andhra Pradesh|alt=|left]]
[[Visakhapatnam Airport]], is the only airport in the state with operating international flights while [[Vijayawada Airport]] at Gannavaram has launched an international flight to [[Singapore]], recently.<ref>{{cite news|title=Vijayawada airport to go International|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vijayawada-airport-goes-international-after-centres-nod/articleshow/62132535.cms|accessdate=10 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111113316/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/vijayawada-airport-goes-international-after-centres-nod/articleshow/62132535.cms|archive-date=11 January 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The state has four other [[domestic airports]], [[Rajamahendravaram Airport]] at Madhurapudi, [[Cuddapah Airport]], a privately owned, public use airport at [[Sri Sathya Sai Airport|Puttaparthi]], and [[Tirupati Airport]] located in the city of [[Tirupati]]. There are also 16 small air strips located in the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airports|url=http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/Economic%20Survey/economic6.pdf|publisher=AP State Portal|accessdate=23 June 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172904/http://www.aponline.gov.in/quick%20links/Economic%20Survey/economic6.pdf|archivedate=23 September 2015}}</ref>[[File:Seaports Map of Andhra Pradesh.png|thumb|Map of seaports in Andhra Pradesh<br /> (click on the image for maximum view)]]
=== Sea ports ===
{{See also|Ports and harbours of Andhra Pradesh}}Andhra Pradesh has one of the country's largest port at [[Visakhapatnam Port|Visakhapatnam]] in terms of cargo handling.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vizag port info|url=http://www.vizagport.com/AboutUs/History.aspx|publisher=vizagport|accessdate=9 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111025637/http://www.vizagport.com/AboutUs/History.aspx|archive-date=11 November 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The other famous ports are [[Krishnapatnam Port]] ([[Nellore district|Nellore]]), [[Gangavaram Port]] and [[Kakinada Port]]. [[Gangavaram Port]] is a deep seaport which can accommodate ocean liners up to 200,000–250,000 [[Deadweight tonnage|DWT]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Capacity of port|url=http://www.gangavaram.com/about-port.htm|publisher=gangavaram port|accessdate=9 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221121500/http://gangavaram.com/about-port.htm|archive-date=21 February 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> There are 14 notified non-major ports at Bheemunipatnam, S.Yanam, Machilipatnam, Nizampatnam, and Vadarevu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.andhraports.com/index.htm |title=Andhra Pradesh: Opening up ports |publisher=Andhra Pradesh Department of Ports |accessdate=2 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929021120/http://www.andhraports.com/index.htm |archive-date=29 September 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://inc42.com/buzz/andhra-pradesh-hyperloop/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910221610/https://inc42.com/buzz/andhra-pradesh-hyperloop/ |archive-date=10 September 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
-->
== విద్యారంగము ==
ప్రధాన వ్యాసం: [[ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ లో విద్య]]<br />
| |||