హరప్పా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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పంక్తి 4:
క్రీ.పూ. 3300 సం.లో ఈ నగరంలో ప్రజలు నివాసాలేర్పరచుకున్నట్టు, మరియు 23,500 ప్రజలు నివసించేవారనీ తెలుస్తోంది. ఆకాలంలో ఇంత జనాభాగల నగరం చరిత్ర<nowiki/>లోనే లేదు, నివసించేవారని తెలుస్తున్నది. హరప్పా సభ్యత నేటి [[పాకిస్తాన్]] కు ఆవలివరకూ వ్యాపించియున్ననూ, సింధ్ మరియు పంజాబ్ కేంద్రముగా కలిగివున్నది.<ref>[[Arthur Llewellyn Basham|Basham, A. L.]] 1968. [http://www.jstor.org/view/0030851x/dm991959/99p1005f/0 Review] of [[A Short History of Pakistan]] by [[Ahmad Hasan Dani|A. H. Dani]] (with an introduction by [[Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi|I. H. Qureshi]]). [[Karachi]]: [[University of Karachi|University of Karachi Press]]. 1967 ''Pacific Affairs'' 41(4) : 641-643.</ref>
 
The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a [[Bronze Age]] [[fortification|fortified]] city, which was part of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] centered in [[Sindh]] and the [[Punjab region|Punjab]], and then the [[Cemetery H culture]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Basham|first1=A. L.|last2=Dani|first2=D. H.|authorlink1=Arthur Llewellyn Basham|title=(Review of) A Short History of Pakistan: Book One: Pre-Muslim Period.|journal=Pacific Affairs|date=Winter 1968–1969|volume=41|issue=4|pages=641–643|doi=10.2307/2754608|jstor=2754608}}</ref> The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied about {{convert|150|ha}} with [[clay]] brick houses at its greatest extent during the [[Periodization of the Indus Valley Civilization|Mature Harappan]] phase (2600 BC – 1900&nbsp;BC), which is considered [[List of largest cities throughout history|large]] for its time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fagan|first=Brian|title=People of the earth: an introduction to world prehistory|year=2003|publisher=Pearson|isbn=978-0-13-111316-9|page=414}}</ref><ref name= unesco /> Per archaeological convention of naming a previously unknown civilization by its first excavated site, the Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Harappan Civilization.
 
The ancient city of Harappa was heavily damaged under British rule, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the construction of the [[History of rail transport in Pakistan|Lahore–Multan Railway]]. In 2005, a controversial [[amusement park]] scheme at the site was abandoned when builders unearthed many archaeological artifacts during the early stages of building work.<ref>Tahir, Zulqernain. 26 May 2005. [http://www.dawn.com/2005/05/26/nat24.htm Probe body on Harappa park], ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]''. Retrieved 13 January 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311094301/http://www.dawn.com/2005/05/26/nat24.htm |date=11 March 2007 }}</ref> A plea from the Pakistani archaeologist Mohit Prem Kumar to the [[Ministry of Culture (Pakistan)|Ministry of Culture]] resulted in a restoration of the site.
 
 
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