శాతవాహనులు: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 228:
 
The Satavahanas controlled the Indian sea coast, and as a result, they dominated the growing Indian trade with the Roman Empire. The ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' mentions two important Satavahana trade centres: Pratishthana and Tagara. Other important urban centres included Kondapur, Banavasi and Madhavpur. [[Nanaghat]] was the site of an important pass that linked the Satavahana capital Pratishthana to the sea.{{sfn|Charles Higham|2009|p=299}}
== Religion ==
 
[[File:Statuetta indiana di Lakshmi, avorio, da pompei, 1-50 dc ca., 149425, 02.JPG|thumb|200px|The [[Pompeii Lakshmi]] ivory statuette was found in the ruin of [[Pompeii]] (destroyed in an eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in 79 CE). It is thought to have come from [[Bhokardan]] in the Satavahana realm in the first half of the 1st century CE. It testifies to [[Indo-Roman trade relations]] in the beginning of our era.]]
The Satavahanas were [[Hindus]] and claimed [[Brahmanism|Brahmanical]] status,{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=172}} although they also made generous donations to Buddhist monasteries.{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=176}} The lay people in the Satavahana period generally did not exclusively support a particular religious group .{{sfn|R.C.C. Fynes|1995|p=43}}
 
The [[Naneghat]] inscription of Nayanika, recorded on the walls of a Buddhist monastic cave, mentions that her husband Satakarni I performed several [[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] sacrifices, including ''[[ashvamedha]]'' (horse sacrifice), ''[[rajasuya]]'' (royal consecration), and ''agnyadheya'' (fire ceremony).{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=175}} The inscription also records subsantial fees paid to Brahmin priests and attendees for these sacrifices. For example, 10,001 cows were granted for the ''Bhagala-Dasaratra'' sacrifice; and 24,400 coins were granted for another sacrifice, whose name is not clear.{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|pp=175-176}}
 
In the Nashik inscription of Gautami Balashri, her son Gautamiputra Satakarni is called "ekabamhana", which is interpreted by some as "unrivaled Brahmana", thus indicating a [[Brahmin]] origin. However, [[R. G. Bhandarkar]] interprets this word as "the only protector of the Brahmins".{{sfn|Sen|1999|pp=173–174}}
 
A number of Buddhist monastic sites emerged in the Deccan region during the Satavahana period. However, the exact relations between these monasteries and the Satavahana government is not clear.{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=171}} The [[Pandavleni Caves]] inscription issued during the reign of Kanha states that the cave was excavated by ''maha-matra'' (officer-in-charge) of the [[shramana]]s (non-[[Historical Vedic religion|Vedic]] ascetics). Based on this, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya concludes that Kanha favoured [[Buddhism]], and had an administrative department dedicated to the welfare of Buddhist monks.{{sfn|Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya|1974|pp=17-56}}
 
However, Carla M. Sinopoli notes that although there are some records of donations to the Buddhist monasteries by the Satavahana royals, the vast majority of the donations were made by the non-royals. The most common among these donors were merchants, and many of the monasteries were located along the important trade routes.{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=171}} The merchants probably donated to the monasteries, because these sites facilitated trade by serving as rest houses, and possibly by directly participating in the trade.{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=172}} The monasteries appear to have been an important venue for displaying charitable donations, including the donations made to non-Buddhists (especially Brahmins).{{sfn|Carla M. Sinopoli|2001|p=176}}
 
==శకులు, యవనులు మరియు పహ్లవులతో ఘర్షణలు==
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