చోళ సామ్రాజ్యం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 51:
 
There is very little written evidence available of the Cholas prior to the 7th century. Historic records exist thereafter, including inscriptions on temples. During the past 150 years, historians have gleaned significant knowledge on the subject from a variety of sources such as ancient Tamil Sangam literature, oral traditions, religious texts, temple and [[Copper-plate grant|copperplate inscriptions]]. The main source for the available information of the early Cholas is the early Tamil literature of the Sangam Period.{{efn|The period covered by the Sangam poetry is likely to extend not longer than five or six generations.{{sfnp|Sastri|1984|p=3|ps=}}}} There are also brief notices on the Chola country and its towns, ports and commerce furnished by the ''[[Periplus of the Erythraean Sea]]'' (''Periplus Maris Erythraei''), and in the slightly later work of the geographer [[Ptolemy]]. ''[[Mahavamsa]]'', a [[Buddhist]] text written down during the 5th century CE, recounts a number of conflicts between the inhabitants of [[Ceylon]] and Cholas in the 1st century BCE.<ref>Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture by John Bowman p.401</ref> Cholas are mentioned in the [[Pillars of Ashoka]] (inscribed 273 BCE–232 BCE) inscriptions, where they are mentioned among the kingdoms which, though not subject to Ashoka, were on friendly terms with him.{{efn|The Ashokan inscriptions speak of the Cholas in plural, implying that, in his time, there were more than one Chola.{{sfnp|Sastri|1984|p=20|ps=}}}}
== చరిత్ర ==
The history of the Cholas falls into four periods: the [[Early Cholas]] of the Sangam literature, the interregnum between the fall of the Sangam Cholas and the rise of the Imperial medieval Cholas under [[Vijayalaya Chola|Vijayalaya]] (c.&nbsp;848), the dynasty of Vijayalaya, and finally the [[Later Chola]] dynasty of Kulothunga Chola&nbsp;I from the third quarter of the 11th century.{{efn|The direct line of Cholas of the Vijayalaya dynasty came to an end with the death of Virarajendra Chola and the assassination of his son [[Athirajendra Chola]]. Kulothunga Chola&nbsp;I, ascended the throne in 1070.{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|pp=170-172|ps=}}}}
 
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