చోళ సామ్రాజ్యం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

పంక్తి 58:
The Sangam literature also records legends about mythical Chola kings.{{sfnp|Tripathi|1967|p=457|ps=}} These myths speak of the Chola king Kantaman, a supposed contemporary of the sage [[Agastya]], whose devotion brought the river Kaveri into existence.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Two names are prominent among those Chola kings known to have existed who feature in Sangam literature: [[Karikala Chola]] and [[Kocengannan]].{{sfnp|Majumdar|1987|p=137|ps=}}{{sfnp|Kulke|Rothermund|2001|p=104|ps=}}{{sfnp|Tripathi|1967|p=458|ps=}}{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|p=116|ps=}} There are no sure means of settling the order of succession, of fixing their relations with one another and with many other princelings of around the same period.{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|pp=105-106|ps=}}{{efn|The only evidence for the approximate period of these early kings is the Sangam literature and the synchronisation with the [[history of Sri Lanka]] as given in the ''[[Mahavamsa]]''. [[Gajabahu&nbsp;I]] who is said to be the contemporary of the Chera [[Senguttuvan]], belonged to the 2nd century and this means the poems mentioning Senguttuvan and his contemporaries date to that period.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}}} [[Urayur]] (now a part of [[Thiruchirapalli]]) was their oldest capital.{{sfnp|Tripathi|1967|p=457|ps=}} [[Kaveripattinam]] also served as an early Chola capital.{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|p=113|ps=}} The ''[[Mahavamsa]]'' mentions that an ethnic Tamil adventurer, a Chola prince known as [[Ellalan]], invaded the island Sri Lanka and conquered it around 235 BCE with the help of a [[Mysore]] army.{{sfnp|Tripathi|1967|p=457|ps=}}<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhXRDSgBuL0C|title=History of the Kannada Language|last=R|first=Narasimhacharya|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1942|isbn=9788120605596|location=|pages=48|via=}}</ref>
 
===Interregnumసంగకాలం===
[[File:South India in BC 300.jpg|left|thumb|South India in BC 300, showing the Chera, Pandya and Chola Kingdoms]]
There is not much information about the transition period of around three centuries from the end of the Sangam age (c.&nbsp;300) to that in which the Pandyas and [[Pallava dynasty|Pallavas]] dominated the Tamil country. An obscure dynasty, the [[Kalabhras]] invaded Tamil country, displaced the existing kingdoms and ruled during that time.{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|pp=130, 135, 137|ps=}}{{sfnp|Majumdar|1987|p=139|ps=}}{{sfnp|Thapar|1995|p=268|ps=}} They were displaced by the Pallava dynasty and the Pandyan dynasty in the 6th century.{{sfnp|Kulke|Rothermund|2001|p=104|ps=}}{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|p=135|ps=}} Little is known of the fate of the Cholas during the succeeding three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the 9th century.{{sfnp|Sastri|2002|pp=130, 133|ps= Quote:"The Cholas disappeared from the Tamil land almost completely in this debacle, though a branch of them can be traced towards the close of the period in [[Rayalaseema]]&nbsp;– the [[Telugu Cholas|Telugu-Chodas]], whose kingdom is mentioned by [[Xuanzang|Yuan Chwang]] in the seventh century A.D."}}As per inscriptions found in and around Thanjavur, the kingdom was ruled by [[Muthuraja|Mutharaiyars]] for three centuries. Their reign was ended by Vijayalaya chola who captured Thanjavur from [[Ilango Mutharaiyar]] between 848-851 CE.
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