ప్రసాదం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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JVRKPRASAD (చర్చ | రచనలు) దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు |
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'''ప్రసాదం''' దేవునికి [[నైవేద్యం]] పెట్టిన తర్వాత భక్తులకు పంచే ఆహార పదార్ధము.
{{italic title}}
{{short description|Religious food offered in Hinduism and Sikhism temples}}
{{Redirect|Prasad|other uses|Prasad (disambiguation)}}
[[File:Khichdi Prasadam in Donna (Iskcon Bangalore).jpg|thumb|220px| ''[[Khichdi]]'' '''prasāda''' in ecofriendly [[Areca]]-leaf traditional Indian [[Bowl|Donna]] at [[ISKCON Temple Bangalore]].]]
'''''Prasāda''''' ({{IPA-sa|pɽɐsaːdɐ}}, [[Sanskrit]]: प्रसाद)<!--Do not remove, WP:INDICSCRIPT doesn't apply to WikiProject Hinduism-->, variantly spelled as ''Prasadam'', ''Prasad'' and ''Prasada'', is a material substance of vegetarian food that is a religious offering in both [[Hinduism]] and [[Sikhism]]. It is normally consumed by worshippers after worship. '''Mahaprasada''' (also called '''Bhandara''') in Hinduism, similar to the [[Langar_(Sikhism)|langar]] in Sikhism,<ref name=maha5>Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech, 2014, [https://books.google.com/books?id=CzYeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT530&dq=mahaprasad+similar+to+langar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO9qGZxbDfAhVLtI8KHZ18Cw8Q6AEINTAC The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies]</ref> is the consecrated food offered to the deity in the temple which is then shared and eaten by the masses without discrimination.<ref name=maha3>Chitrita Banerji, 2010, [https://books.google.com/books?id=c9lJnCpfEDoC&pg=PT65&dq=mahaprasad+similar+to+langar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO9qGZxbDfAhVLtI8KHZ18Cw8Q6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=mahaprasad%20similar%20to%20langar&f=false Eating India: Exploring the Food and Culture of the Land of Spices].</ref><ref name=maha1>Subhakanta Behera, 2002, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hbVjAAAAMAAJ&q=mahaprasad&dq=mahaprasad&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizqNepw7DfAhXFfX0KHbtcA9AQ6AEISjAG Construction of an identity discourse: Oriya literature and the Jagannath cult (1866-1936)], p140-177.</ref><ref name=maha2>Susan Pattinson, 2011, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Nma9UJgFXpcC&pg=PA220&dq=mahaprasad&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwizqNepw7DfAhXFfX0KHbtcA9AQ6AEIUzAI#v=onepage&q=mahaprasad&f=false The Final Journey: Complete Hospice Care for the Departing Vaishnavas], pp.220.</ref> Sometimes this vegetarian offering will exclude the prohibited items such as garlic, onion, roots, etc.<ref name=maha3/>
==Etymology==
[[File:Prasadam on banana leaves.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Prasadam offered on banana leaves after [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]] ceremony at a home in [[Guntur]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]]]
''Prasāda'' is derived from the same verb सद् (to sit, dwell) prefixed with प्र. (before, afore, in front) and used as finite verb प्रसीदति — dwells, presides, pleases or favours etc. 'Prasada' literally means a gracious [[gift]]. It denotes anything, typically an edible food, that is first offered to a [[Hinduism#Concept of God|deity]], saint, [[Perfect Master (Meher Baba)|Perfect Master]] or an [[avatar]], and then distributed in His or Her name to their followers or others as a good sign.<ref name=baba1>Natu, Bal, ''Glimpses of the God-Man, Meher Baba'', Sheriar Press, 1987</ref>
==Various meanings==
[[image:Thaal.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Thaal]] offered to [[Nar Narayan]] at a [[Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad|Swaminarayan temple in Ahmedabad]]]]
As a spiritual state ''prasāda'' has a rich history of meanings in the [[Sanskrit]] tradition from [[Vedas|Vedic literature]] onwards. In this textual tradition, prasada is a mental state experienced by gods, sages, and other powerful beings and is marked by spontaneous generosity and the bestowing of boons. In the earliest literature ([[Rig Veda]]) onwards Prasāda is understood in this sense of a mental state, not as an aspect of ritual practice. In later texts such as the [[Shiva Purana]], references to prasada as a material substance begins to appear alongside this older meaning.{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}}. Prasada is also the companion emotion to samvega (the emotion Siddartha felt on his first encounter with aging, illness, and death). Prasada is the emotion Siddartha felt on encountering the forest sramana: "a clear sense of serene confidence that one has found the way out" (Robinson, p. 7, 2005). Samvega stirs up the mind whereas prasada makes it calm. The two emotions provide a proper balance of each other: "samvega keeps prasada grounded in reality; prasada keeps samvega from turning into hopelessness" (ibid.)
In its material sense, prasada is created by a process of giving and receiving between a human [[Hindu devotional movements|devotee]] and the divine god. For example, a devotee makes an offering of a material substance such as flowers, fruits, or [[Indian sweets|sweets]] — which is called ''[[naivedya]]''. The deity then 'enjoys' or tastes a bit of the offering, which is then temporarily known as ''[[bhog]]ya''. This now-divinely invested substance is called ''prasāda'' and is received by the devotee to be ingested, worn, etc. It may be the same material that was originally offered or material offered by others and then re-distributed to other devotees. In many temples, several kinds of prasada (e.g., nuts, sweets) are distributed to the devotees.
==Practices==
Some strict [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaishnavas]], most commonly initiated [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|ISKCON]] devotees, will eat only ''prasadam'', i.e., everything they eat is first offered to [[Krishna]], not simply a few items as with most other Hindus. In addition, the cooking of ''prasadam'' is done without tasting, because it is not for the believer's own consumption, but to offer to Krishna — they will receive the remnants of Krishna's food, which they consider to be NON-different to Krishna. [[ISKCON]] temples are known for providing free ''prasada'' meals to all who come, as they believe that this is not only feeding the [[Poverty|poor]] but providing them with Krishna's [[mercy]] as well.<ref>[http://www.bhagavad-gita.org/Gita/verse-03-13.html Bhagavad-Gita 3:13]</ref><ref>[http://www.bhagavad-gita.org/Gita/verse-09-27.html Bhagavad-Gita 9:27]</ref>
One way that prasadam is commonly prepared is to place the food in offering before an image or deity of the spiritual figure to be honored, sometimes on a plate or serving vessel reserved only for spiritual purposes; and only then, after some time is allowed to pass, does the food become holy prasadam for further distribution.
==See also==
* [[Bhog#In_Hinduism|Bhog]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Worship in Hinduism}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasada}}
[[Category:Objects used in Hindu worship]]
[[Category:Puja (Hinduism)]]
[[Category:Sikh practices]]
[[Category:Religious food and drink]]
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