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'''శ్యామ చరణ్ లాహిరి''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: শ্যামাচরণ লাহিড়ী ''Shêmā Chôron Lahiṛi'') (1828 సెప్టెంబరు 30 - 1895 సెప్టెంబరు 26) "లాహిరి మహాశయుడు"గా ప్రసిద్ధుడు. ఈయన భారత యోగీశ్వరులు మరియు [[బాబాజీ|మహావతార్ బాబాజీ]]కి శిష్యులు. ఆయన "యోగిరాజ్" మరియు "కాశీ బాబా"గా సుపరిచితుడు. ఈయన 1861 లో మహావతార్ బాబాజీ నుండి యోగంలో ఒక భాగమైన [[క్రియా యోగ]]ను నేర్చుకున్నారు. ఈయన [[యుక్తేశ్వర్ గిరి]] అనే యోగికి గురువు.
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''Mahasaya'' is a [[Sanskrit]], spiritual title translated as 'large-minded'.<ref>Yogananda, Paramahansa (1997). ''Autobiography of a Yogi'', 1997 Anniversary Edition. Self-Realization Fellowship (Founded by Yogananda) http://www.yogananda-srf.org/. ISBN 0-87612-086-9.</ref>
He was unusual among Indian holy men in that he was a [[householder]] — marrying, raising a family, and working as an accountant for the Military Engineering Department of the British Indian government. Lahiri lived with his family in [[Varanasi]] rather than in a temple or monastery. He achieved a substantial reputation among 19th century [[Hindu]] religionists.
He became well known in the west through [[Paramahansa Yogananda]], a disciple of Yukteswar Giri, and through Yogananda's ''[[Autobiography of a Yogi]]''. Yogananda wrote that Lahiri was chosen by Mahavatar Babaji to reintroduce the lost practice of Kriya Yoga to the world. Lahiri's disciples included both of Yogananda's parents as well as Yogananda's own guru. Lahiri Mahasaya prophesied that the infant Yogananda would become a [[yoga|yogi]], and "As a spiritual engine, he
will carry many souls to God's kingdom.'"<ref name=yogananda/>
==Biography==
===Early life===
Lahiri was born into a Brahmin family in the Ghurni village (presently a neighbourhood of [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]] town) in [[Nadia district]] of Bengal Province. He was the youngest son of Muktakashi, wife of Gaur Mohan Lahiri. His mother died when he was a child — there is very little known about her, except that she was a devotee of [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]]. At the age of three or four, he was often seen sitting in meditation, with his body buried in the sand up to his neck. When Lahiri was five, the family's ancestral home was lost in a flood, so the family moved to [[Varanasi]], where he would spend most of his life.<ref name=yogananda/>
As a child, he studied Urdu and Hindi, gradually moving on to Bengali, Sanskrit, Persian, French and English at the Government Sanskrit College, along with study of the Vedas. Reciting the Vedas, bathing in the Ganges, and worship were part of his daily routine.<ref name=satyananda/>
In 1846, he was married to Srimati Kashi Moni. They had two sons, Tincouri and Ducouri, and three daughters, Harimoti, Harikamini and Harimohini. His work as an accountant in the Military Engineering Department of the English government took him all over India. After the death of his father, he took on the role of supporting the entire family in Varanasi.<ref name=yogananda/>
===Teacher of Kriya Yoga===
[[File:Sriyukteswar.jpg|140px|right|thumb|Yukteswar Giri<br>disciple of Lahiri Mahasaya]]
In 1861, Lahiri was transferred to [[Ranikhet]], in the foothills of the Himalayas. One day, while walking in the hills, he heard a voice calling to him. After climbing further, he met his Guru [[Mahavatar Babaji]], who initiated him into the techniques of [[Kriya Yoga]]. Babaji told Lahiri that the rest of his life was to be given to spreading the Kriya message.<ref name=yogananda/>
Soon after, Lahiri Mahasaya returned to Varanasi, where he began initiating sincere seekers into the path of Kriya Yoga. Over time, more and more people flocked to receive the teachings of Kriya from Lahiri. He organized many study groups and gave regular discourses on the Bhagavad Gita at his "Gita Assemblies." He freely gave Kriya initiation to those of every faith, including Hindus, Muslims, and Christians, at a time when caste bigotry was very strong. He encouraged his students to adhere to the tenets of their own faith, adding the Kriya techniques to what they already were practicing.<ref name=yogananda/>
He continued his dual role of accountant and supporter to his family, and a teacher of Kriya Yoga, until 1886, when he was able to retire on a pension. More and more visitors came to see him at this time. He seldom left his sitting room, available to all who sought his ''[[Darśana|darshan]]''. He often exhibited the breathless state of superconscious ''[[samādhi]]''.
Over the years he gave initiation to gardeners, postmen, kings, maharajas, sannyasis, householders, people considered to be lower caste, Christians, and Muslims.<ref name=satyananda/> At that time, it was unusual for a strict Brahmin to associate so closely with people from all castes.
Some of his notable disciples included [[Panchanon Bhattacharya]], [[Yukteswar Giri]], Pranabananda, Keshabananda, Bhupendranath Sanyal, and the parents of Paramahansa Yogananda. Others who received initiation into Kriya Yoga from Lahiri included Vhaskarananda Saraswati of Benares, Balananda Brahmachari of Deogarh, Maharaja Iswari Narayan Sinha Bahadur of Benares and his son.<ref name=yogananda/><ref name=purana/> Biographer and Yogacharya Dr. Ashoke Kumar Chatterjee, in his book "Purana Purusha" depicts that Lahiri initiated [[Sai Baba of Shirdi]] into Kriya Yoga, based on a passage in Lahiri's 26 secret diary.<ref>Lahiri's diary referred to a "Saidasbaba" who he initiated into Kriya Yoga. The author of the biography says that "during Lahiri Mahasaya's lifetime, Saidasbaba of Shirdi's name finds mention, and not any other Saibaba." Chatterjee, Ashoke Kumar, ''Purana Purusha: Yogiraj Sri Shama Churn Lahiri''. Yogiraj Publications, 2004. ISBN 81-87563-01-X.</ref>
[[File:Keshav Ashram, Haridwar.jpg|right|thumb|Entrance to the [[Samādhi|Samadhi]] of ''Lahiri Mahasaya'' at Keshav Ashram, [[Haridwar]].]]He gave permission to one disciple, Panchanon Bhattacharya, to start an institution in [[Kolkata]] to spread the teachings of Kriya Yoga. The Arya Mission Institution published commentaries by Lahiri on the Bhagavad Gita, along with other spiritual books, including a Bengali translation of the Gita. Lahiri himself had printed thousands of small books with excerpted passages from the Gita, in Bengali and Hindi, and distributed them for free, an unusual idea at that time.<ref name=satyananda/>
In 1895 he began gathering his disciples, letting some of them know that he would soon be leaving the body. Moments before his passing, he said simply, "I am going home. Be comforted; I shall rise again." He then turned his body around three times, faced north, and consciously left his body, entering ''[[mahasamadhi]]''. Lahiri Mahasaya died on September 26, 1895.<ref name=yogananda/>
==Teachings==
===Kriya Yoga===
The central spiritual practice which he taught to his disciples was [[Kriya Yoga]], a series of inner [[pranayama]] practices that quickly hasten the spiritual growth of the practitioner. He taught this technique to all sincere seekers, regardless of their religious background. In response to many types of problems that disciples would bring him, his advice would be the same — to practice more Kriya Yoga.<ref name=yogananda/>
Regarding Kriya Yoga, he said:
<blockquote>Always remember that you belong to no one, and no one belongs to you. Reflect that some day you will suddenly have to leave everything in this world–so make the acquaintanceship of God now. Prepare yourself for the coming astral journey of death by daily riding in the balloon of God-perception. Through delusion you are perceiving yourself as a bundle of flesh and bones, which at best is a nest of troubles. Meditate unceasingly, that you may quickly behold yourself as the Infinite Essence, free from every form of misery. Cease being a prisoner of the body; using the secret key of Kriya, learn to escape into Spirit.<ref name=yogananda>Yogananda, Paramhansa, ''Autobiography of a Yogi'', 2005. ISBN 978-1-56589-212-5.</ref></blockquote>
He taught that Kriya practice would give the yogi direct experience of truth, unlike mere theoretical discussion of the scriptures, and to:
<blockquote>Solve all your problems through meditation. Exchange unprofitable religious speculations for actual God-contact. Clear your mind of dogmatic theological debris; let in the fresh, healing waters of direct perception. Attune yourself to the active inner Guidance; the Divine Voice has the answer to every dilemma of life. Though man’s ingenuity for getting himself into trouble appears to be endless, the Infinite Succor is no less resourceful.<ref name=yogananda/></blockquote>
===Guru-disciple relationship===
Lahiri often spoke of the [[Guru-shishya tradition|Guru-disciple relationship]] in the context of [[Kriya Yoga]]. He always gave the Kriya technique as an initiation,<ref name=yogananda/> and taught that the technique was only properly learned as part of the Guru-disciple relationship.<ref name=yogananda/><ref name=purana/> Frequently he referred to the realization that comes through practicing Kriya as taught by the Guru, and the grace that comes through the 'transmission' of the Guru.<ref name=gita>Mahasaya, Yogiraj Sri Sri Shyamacharan Lahiri, ''Srimad Bhagavad Gita: Sacred Essential and Spiritual Commentary''. Yoganiketan 2004</ref> He also taught that the grace of the Guru comes automatically if his instructions are followed.<ref name=purana/> He suggested contacting the Guru during meditation, counseling that it wasn't always necessary to see his physical form.<ref name=purana/>
Regarding the necessity of the help of a Guru to deep yoga practice, he said:
<blockquote>It is absolutely necessary for all devotees to totally surrender to their Guru. The more one can surrender to the Guru, the more he can ascertain the subtlest of the subtle techniques of yoga from his Guru. Without surrender, nothing can be derived from the Guru.<ref name=purana/></blockquote>
The relationship Lahiri Mahasaya had with his own disciples was very individual. He even taught the Kriya Yoga practice slightly differently to each, depending on the spiritual needs of the individual disciple.<ref name=garland>Mahasaya, Yogiraj Sri Sri Shyamacharan Lahiri, ''Garland of Letters: Correspondence Between Yogiraj Sri Sri Shyamacharan Lahiri Mahasaya and His Disciples''. Yoganiketan, 2005.</ref>
===Other teachings===
Lahiri taught that if one is earning an honest living and practicing honesty, then there was no need to alter one's external life in any significant way in order to become aware of God's presence. If a student neglected his worldy duties, he would correct him.<ref name=yogananda/> It was extremely rare for him to advise ''sannyas'', or complete worldly renunciation by becoming a swami. Instead, he advised marriage for most of his disciples along with [[Kriya Yoga]] practice.<ref name=purana>Chatterjee, Ashoke Kumar, ''Purana Purusha: Yogiraj Sri Shama Churn Lahiri''. Yogiraj Publications, 2004. ISBN 81-87563-01-X.</ref>
He generally eschewed organized religion. However, this wasn't a strict dogma for him, as he allowed at least one of his advanced disciples, Panchanon Bhattacharya, to open the “Arya Mission Institution” in [[Kolkata]] to spread the Kriya teachings.<ref name=yogananda/><ref name=satyananda/> Other disciples of Lahiri also started organizations to spread the Kriya Yoga message, including Sriyukteswar Giri with his ''Satsanga Sabha.''<ref name=satyananda>[[Satyananda Giri]], ''Yogiraj Shyama Charan Lahiri Mahasay'', from ''A Collection of Biographies of 4 Kriya Yoga Gurus'', iUniverse Inc. 2006. ISBN 978-0-595-38675-8.</ref> Generally, he preferred Kriya to spread naturally.<ref name=purana/>
Lahiri frequently taught the wisdom of the [[Bhagavad Gita]]. His regular Gita assemblies, called ''Gita Sabha'', attracted many disciples.<ref name=satyananda/> He asked several of his close disciples to write interpretations of the Gita by tuning in to his own realization.<ref name=yogananda/> Lahiri taught that the battle of Kurukshetra was really an inner psychological battle, and that the different characters in the battle were actually psychological traits within the struggling yogi.<ref name=yogananda/> This understanding would later become the foundation of Paramahansa Yogananda's commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita.<ref>Yogananda, Paramahansa: ''God Talks with Arjuna, The Bhagavad Gita, Royal Science of God-Realization,'' Self-Realization Fellowship 2001, ISBN 0-87612-031-1 (paperback) ISBN 0-87612-030-3 (hardcover) Introduction.</ref> He also taught that the epic story of the [[Mahabharata]] showed the soul's descent into matter, and its challenges in retracing its way back to spirit.<ref>Yogananda, Paramahansa: ''God Talks with Arjuna, The Bhagavad Gita, Royal Science of God-Realization,'' Self-Realization Fellowship 2001, ISBN 0-87612-031-1 (paperback) ISBN 0-87612-030-3 (hardcover).</ref>
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==మూలాలు==
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==బాహ్య లంకెలు==
==యితర లింకులు==
{{Commonscat|Lahiri Mahasaya}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130807085613/http://inkaura.com/product/purana-purusha-yogiraj-sri-shama-churn-lahiree/ Official biography] The official biography of Lahiri Mahasaya based on the 26 confidential spiritual diaries and written at the behest of his grand son, Shri Satya Churn Lahiri.
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