వింధ్య పర్వతాలు: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

ట్యాగు: విశేషణాలున్న పాఠ్యం
పంక్తి 45:
== సంస్కృతి ==
[[File:Map of Vedic India.png|thumb|right|The Vindhyas are seen as the southern boundary of [[Aryavarta]] in this map. Note that historically, the term "Vindhyas" covered the Satpura range that lies to the south of Narmada.]]
వింధ్యపర్వతశ్రేణిని ఉత్తర, దక్షిణ భారతదేశం మధ్య భారతీయసాంప్రదాయ భౌగోళిక సరిహద్దుగా భావిస్తారు.<ref>{{cite book |author=Noboru Karashima |author-link=Noboru Karashima |title=A Concise History of South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpdVoAEACAAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |page=xviii }}</ref> భారతదేశంలోని పురాణాలలో భౌగోళికంగానూ రెండింటిలోనూ వింధ్యపర్వతాలు ప్రముఖ స్థానం కలిగి ఉంది.<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" /> ప్రాచీన భారతీయ గ్రంధాలలో వింధ్య ఇండో-ఆర్యన్ భూభాగాల మధ్య ఎవరూ నిర్భయించని సరిహద్దుగా పరిగణిస్తారు.<ref name="Edward1885" /> అత్యంత పురాతన హిందూ మతం రచనలలో ఆర్యావతానికి దక్షిణ సరిహద్దు భావిస్తారు.<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" />వింధ్యపర్వతశ్రేణులలోని అరణ్యాలలో నిషాదులు, ఇతర మ్లేచ్చతెగలు వంటి ఆటవీ తెగలకు చెందిన ప్రజలు నివసించారని మహాభారతంలో పేర్కొనబడింది.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ved Vyasa |others=Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli |title=The Mahabharata (12.58.3211) |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a058.htm |year=1886 |publisher=Bhārata Press }}</ref> తరువాత మరాఠీ, కొంణి వంటి కాలంలో ఇండో-ఆర్యన్ భాషలు వింధ్య దక్షిణాన విస్తరించాయి. వింధ్య ఉత్తర, దక్షిణ భారత దేశాల మధ్య సాంప్రదాయ సరిహద్దులో ఈ భాషల ఉనికిని చూడవచ్చు.<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" /><ref name="MSKohli2002" />
 
The Vindhyas are regarded as the traditional geographical boundary between north Indian and south India,<ref>{{cite book |author=Noboru Karashima |author-link=Noboru Karashima |title=A Concise History of South India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpdVoAEACAAJ |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-809977-2 |page=xviii }}</ref> and have a distinguished status in both mythology and geography of India.<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" /> In the ancient Indian texts, the Vindhyas are seen as the demarcating line between the territories of the [[List of Rigvedic tribes|Indo-Aryans]] and that of the others.<ref name="Edward1885" /> The most ancient Hindu texts consider it as the southern boundary of [[Aryavarta]].<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" /> The [[Mahabharata]] mentions that the [[Nishada Kingdom|Nishadas]] and other [[Mleccha]] tribes reside in the forests of the Vindhyas.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ved Vyasa |others=Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli |title=The Mahabharata (12.58.3211) |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a058.htm |year=1886 |publisher=Bhārata Press }}</ref> Although the Indo-Aryan languages (such as [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Konkani]]) spread to the south of Vindhyas later, the Vindhyas continued to be seen as the traditional boundary between the northern and the southern Indian nations.<ref name="HHW_Meghaduta_1843" /><ref name="MSKohli2002" />
 
Vindhyas appear prominently in the Indian mythological tales. Although the Vindhyas are not very high, historically, they were considered highly inaccessible and dangerous due to dense vegetation and the hostile tribes residing there.<ref name="Stephen1880">{{cite journal | title=Influence of the Aryans upon the Aboriginal speech of India |author=John Avery |journal=The American Antiquarian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E64BAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA122 |volume=3 |year=1880 |publisher=Jameson & Morse |page=122 }}</ref><ref name="Jurgen2012">{{cite book |author=Jürgen Neuß |title=Narmadāparikramā – Circumambulation of the Narmadā River: On the Tradition of a Unique Hindu Pilgrimage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5TYd6pXmdIC&pg=PA20 |year=2012 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-22857-3 |page=20 }}</ref> In the older Sanskrit texts, such as the [[Ramayana]], they are described as the unknown territory infested with [[cannibal]]s and [[demon]]s.<ref name="Brennan2006">{{cite book |author=Stephen Vincent Brennan |title=Classic Legendary Hero Stories: Extraordinary Tales of Honor, Courage, and Valor |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JGqD-t83o8AC&pg=PA5 |date=January 2006 |publisher=Globe Pequot Press |isbn=978-1-59228-872-4 |page=5 }}</ref> The later texts describe the Vindhya range as the residence of fierce form of [[Shakti]] (goddess [[Kali]] or [[Durga]]), who has lived there since slaying the demons. She is described as [[Vindhyavasini]] ("Vindhya dweller"), and a temple dedicated to her is located in the [[Vindhyachal]] town of Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Cynthia1998">{{cite book |chapter=Vindhyavasini: Local Goddess yet Great Goddess |author=Cynthia Ann Humes |editor=John Stratton Hawley |editor2=Donna M. Wulff |title=Devī: Goddesses of India |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CZrV3kOpMt0C&pg=PA49 |year=1998 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1491-2 |page=49 |author-link=Cynthia Ann Humes }}</ref><ref name="Vanamali2008">{{cite book |author=Vanamali |title=Shakti: Realm of the Divine Mother |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5Ju3nWR52UC&pg=PA166 |date=21 July 2008 |publisher=Inner Traditions / Bear & Co |isbn=978-1-59477-785-1 |page=166 }}</ref> The [[Mahabharata]] mentions the Vindhyas as the "eternal abode" of Kali.<ref>{{cite book |author=Ved Vyasa |others=Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli |title=The Mahabharata (4.6.232) |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m04/m04006.htm |year=1886 |publisher=Bhārata Press }}</ref>
"https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/వింధ్య_పర్వతాలు" నుండి వెలికితీశారు