మదురా ద్వీపం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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సుమేనేప్ రీజెన్సీలో అనేక ద్వీపాలు ఉన్నాయి - ముఖ్యంగా మదురాకు తూర్పున ఉన్న కంగేయన్ దీవులు (487 చకిమీ), మదురా, కంగేయన్ ద్వీపాల మధ్య ఉన్న చిన్న సపుడి ద్వీపాలు, ఉత్తరాన చిన్న మసలేంబు దీవులు (40.85 చకిమీ) (మద్య మదురా, కలిమంతన్). ప్రధాన భూభాగం (అనగా మదుర ద్వీపంలోని ప్రాంతం)లో 17 జిల్లాలను ఉన్నాయి. వీటి వైశాల్యం 11,46.93 చకిమీ (2010 లో వీటిలో నివసించిన నివాసుల సంఖ్య 7,51,833). ద్వీపాల వైశాల్యం 946.53 చకిమీ (2010 లో నివాసుల సంఖ్య 2,90,479) కలిగిన 128 ద్వీపాలలో 9 జిల్లాలను ఉన్నాయి. ఈ ద్వీపాలలో 46 మంది మాత్రమే నివసిస్తున్నారు.<ref>[http://sumenepkab.bps.go.id/index.php/tentang-daerah/keadaan-geografi-kabkota BPS Kabupaten Sumenep<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130107235446/http://sumenepkab.bps.go.id/index.php/tentang-daerah/keadaan-geografi-kabkota |date=2013-01-07 }}</ref> <ref>[http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site?id=35&wilayah=Jawa-Timur 2010 Population Census - Jawa Timur Province<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> 2014 అంచనాలు <ref name="kemenkesehat">http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208021950/http://depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf |date=2014-02-08 }} Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan</ref>
==Economy==
[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Zoutwinning op Madura TMnr 10007410.jpg|thumb|left|[[Salt]] making in Madura in 1948]]
On the whole, Madura is one of the poorest regions of the East Java province.<ref>{{Cite web|last=JawaPos.com|first=|date=2017-07-18|title=4 Kabupaten di Madura Masuk Daerah Termiskin|url=https://radarmadura.jawapos.com/read/2017/07/18/1869/4-kabupaten-di-madura-masuk-daerah-termiskin|website=radarmadura.jawapos.com|publisher=[[Jawa Pos Group]]|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820195008/https://radarmadura.jawapos.com/read/2017/07/18/1869/4-kabupaten-di-madura-masuk-daerah-termiskin|archive-date=2020-08-20|access-date=2020-08-20}}</ref> Unlike [[Java]], the soil is not fertile enough to make it a major agricultural producer. Limited economic opportunities have led to chronic unemployment and poverty. These factors have led to long-term emigration from the island, such that most ethnically Madurese people do not now live on Madura. People from Madura were some of the most numerous participants in government [[transmigration program]]s, moving to other parts of Indonesia.
Subsistence [[agriculture]] is a mainstay of the economy. [[Maize]] is a key subsistence crop, on island's many small landholdings. [[Cattle]]-raising is also a critical part of the agricultural economy, providing extra income to peasant farmer families, in addition to being the basis for Madura's famous bull-racing competitions. Small-scale fishing is also important to the subsistence economy.
Among export industries, [[tobacco]] farming is a major contributor to the island's economy. Madura's soil, while unable to support many food crops, helps make the island an important producer of tobacco and [[clove]]s for the domestic ''[[kretek]]'' (clove cigarette) industry. Since the [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch era]], the island has also been a major producer and exporter of [[salt]].
[[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], on the western end of the island, has [[Industrialisation|industrialized]] substantially since the 1980s. This region is within a short ferry ride of [[Surabaya]], Indonesia's second-largest city, and hence has gained a role as a suburb for commuters to Surabaya, and as a location for industry and services that need to be near the city.
The [[Suramadu Bridge|Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) Bridge]], opened 2009, is expected to further increase the Bangkalan area's interaction with the regional economy.
== మూలాలు ==
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