స్పానిష్ ఫ్లూ: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 53:
హెచ్ 1 ఎన్ 1 ఇన్ఫ్లుఎంజా ఎ వైరస్ వల్ల కలిగే మూడు ఫ్లూ మహమ్మారిలో 1918 సంభవించిన స్పానిష్ ఫ్లూ మొదటిది; ఇటీవలిది 2009 స్వైన్ ఫ్లూ మహమ్మారి.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt |title=La Grippe Espagnole de 1918 |format=Powerpoint |language=fr |publisher=[[Institut Pasteur]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020243/http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt |archive-date=17 November 2015}} (also [https://www.powershow.com/view/2a8245-ODY3M/Grippe_espagnole_de_1918_consquences_dmographiques_long_terme_powerpoint_ppt_presentation# here], requires Flash player)</ref> 1977 రష్యన్ ఫ్లూ కూడా హెచ్ 1 ఎన్ 1 వైరస్ వల్ల సంభవించింది. ఇది కూడా అధికంగా యువ జనాభాను ప్రభావితం చేసింది.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|date=April 1999|title=Influenza Pandemic Plan. The Role of WHO and Guidelines for National and Regional Planning|url=https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/whocdscsredc991.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203084733/https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/influenza/whocdscsredc991.pdf|archive-date=2020-12-03|website=[[World Health Organization]]|pages=38, 41}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{cite journal|vauthors=Mermel LA|date=June 2009|title=Swine-origin influenza virus in young age groups|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(09)61145-4/abstract|journal=Lancet|volume=373|issue=9681|pages=2108–9|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61145-4|pmid=19541030|s2cid=27656702}}</ref>
== పేరువెనుక చరిత్ర ==
Although its geographic origin is unknown (see [[Spanish flu#Potential origins|below]]), the disease was called Spanish flu as early as the first wave of the pandemic.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trilla A, Trilla G, Daer C | title = The 1918 "Spanish flu" in Spain | journal = Clinical Infectious Diseases | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 668–73 | date = September 2008 | pmid = 18652556 | doi = 10.1086/590567 }}</ref>{{sfn|Porras-Gallo|Davis|2014|p=51}}{{sfn|Galvin|2007}} Spain was not involved in the war, having remained neutral, and had not imposed wartime [[censorship]].<ref>{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127100727/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/world/spanish%20flu%20facts/111285 |archive-date=27 January 2010 |url=http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/world/spanish%20flu%20facts/111285 |website=Channel 4 News |title=Spanish flu facts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Anderson S |title=Analysis of Spanish flu cases in 1918–1920 suggests transfusions might help in bird flu pandemic |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-08/acop-aos082806.php |publisher=[[American College of Physicians]] |access-date=2 October 2011 |date=29 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125222223/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-08/acop-aos082806.php |archive-date=25 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Newspapers were therefore [[freedom of the press|free]] to report the epidemic's effects, such as the grave illness of King [[Alfonso XIII]], and these widely-spread stories created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit.{{sfn|Barry|2004|p=171}}
Alternative names were also used at the time of the pandemic. Similar to the name of Spanish flu, many of these also alluded to the purported origins of the disease. In Senegal it was named 'the Brazilian flu', and in Brazil 'the German flu', while in Poland it was known as 'the Bolshevik disease'.{{sfn|Spinney|2018|p=58}} In Spain itself, the nickname for the flu, the "Naples Soldier", was adopted from a 1916 operetta, ''The Song of Forgetting'' (''La canción del olvido'') after one of the librettists quipped that the play's most popular musical number, ''Naples Soldier'', was as catchy as the flu.{{sfn|Davis|2013|pp=103–36}} Today, however, 'Spanish flu' (Gripe Española) is the most widely used name for the pandemic in Spain.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Landgrebe P |title=100 Years After: The Name of Death |url=https://historycampus.org/2018/spanish-flu-100-years-after-name-of-the-death/ |publisher=History Campus |access-date=16 August 2020 |date=29 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816202544/https://historycampus.org/2018/spanish-flu-100-years-after-name-of-the-death/ |archive-date=16 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Other terms for this virus include the "1918 influenza pandemic," the "1918 flu pandemic", or variations of these.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/influenza/pandemic-influenza-an-evolving-challenge/en/ |title=Pandemic influenza: an evolving challenge |date=22 May 2018 |website=World Health Organization |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220124/https://www.who.int/influenza/pandemic-influenza-an-evolving-challenge/en/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.britannica.com/event/influenza-pandemic-of-1918-1919 |title=Influenza pandemic of 1918–19 |date=4 March 2020 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200320220920/https://www.britannica.com/event/influenza-pandemic-of-1918-1919 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | vauthors = Chodosh S |url= https://www.popsci.com/story/health/coronavirus-1918-flu-pandemic/ |title=What the 1918 flu pandemic can teach us about COVID-19, in four charts |date=18 March 2020 |work=PopSci |access-date=20 March 2020}}</ref>
== మూలాలు ==
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