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[[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] [[theory of evolution]] (published in 1859) spurred scientific interest in chimpanzees, as in much of [[life science]], leading eventually to numerous studies of the animals in the wild and captivity. The observers of chimpanzees at the time were mainly interested in [[behaviour]] as it related to that of humans. This was less strictly and disinterestedly scientific than it might sound, with much attention being focused on whether or not the animals had traits that could be considered 'good'; the intelligence of chimpanzees was often significantly exaggerated.{{Fact|date=December 2007}} At one point there was even a scheme drawn up to [[domestication|domesticate]] chimpanzees in order to have them perform various menial tasks (i.e. factory work){{Fact|date=February 2007}}. By the end of the 1800s chimpanzees remained very much a mystery to humans, with very little factual scientific information available.
1859లో [[ఛార్లెస్ డార్విన్]](''[[:en:Charles Darwin|Charles Darwin]]'') ప్రచురించిన [[డార్విన్ పరిణామ సిద్ధాంతము]] (''[[:en:theory of evolution]]) శాస్త్రీయ వర్గాలలో చింపాజీల అధ్యయనం పట్ల ఆసక్తిని ఒక్కసారిగా పెంపొందించింది. అయితే ఈ కాలంలోజరిగిన అధ్యయనాలలో చింపాంజీల మానవ తరహా ప్రవర్తన పట్ల అధికంగా దృష్టి సారించారు. ప్రచురణలలో చింపాంజీల ప్రవర్తన గురించి అతిశయోక్తులు తరచు వ్రాశారు. కనుక వాటి గురించి శాస్త్రీయ అవగాహన నిజానికి అభివృద్ధి కాలేదు.
[[Image:Lightmatter chimp.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Chimpanzee at the [[Los Angeles Zoo]]]]
The 20th century saw a new age of scientific research into chimpanzee behaviour. Before 1960, almost nothing was known about chimpanzee behaviour in their natural habitat. In July of that year, [[Jane Goodall]] set out to [[Tanzania]]'s [[Gombe Stream National Park|Gombe]] forest to live among the chimpanzees. Her discovery that chimpanzees made and used tools was groundbreaking, as humans were previously believed to be the only species to do so. The most progressive early studies on chimpanzees were spearheaded primarily by Wolfgang Köhler and Robert Yerkes, both of whom were renowned psychologists. Both men and their colleagues established laboratory studies of chimpanzees focused specifically on learning about the intellectual abilities of chimpanzees, particularly [[problem-solving]]. This typically involved basic, practical tests on laboratory chimpanzees, which required a fairly high intellectual capacity (such as how to solve the problem of acquiring an out-of-reach banana). Notably, Yerkes also made extensive observations of chimpanzees in the wild which added tremendously to the scientific understanding of chimpanzees and their behaviour. Yerkes studied chimpanzees until [[World War II]], while Köhler concluded five years of study and published his famous ''Mentality of Apes'' in 1925 (which is coincidentally when Yerkes ''began'' his analyses), eventually concluding that "chimpanzees manifest intelligent behaviour of the general kind familiar in human beings ... a type of behaviour which counts as specifically human" (1925).<ref name=goodall>{{cite book | last = Goodall | first = Jane | authorlink = Jane Goodall | year = 1986 | title = The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior | id = ISBN 0-674-11649-6}}</ref>
Common Chimpanzees have been known to attack humans on occasion.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pulsejournal.com/featr/content/shared/news/stories/CHIMP_ATTACK_0427_COX.html | title = Texas man saves friend during fatal chimp attack | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | author = Claire Osborn | [[2006-04-27]] | work = [http://www.pulsejournal.com/ The Pulse Journal]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chimp attack kills cabbie and injures tourists | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1760554,00.html | publisher = [http://www.guardian.co.uk The Guardian] | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2006-04-25]]}}</ref> There have been many attacks in Uganda by chimpanzees against human children; the results are sometimes fatal for the children. Some of these attacks are presumed to be due to chimpanzees being intoxicated (from alcohol obtained from rural brewing operations) and mistaking human children<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.primates.com/chimps/drunk-n-disorderly.html | title = 'Drunk and Disorderly' Chimps Attacking Ugandan Children | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2004-02-09]]}}</ref> for the [[Western Red Colobus]], one of their favourite meals.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://virus.stanford.edu/filo/eboci.html | title =Ebola Cote D'Ivoire Outbreaks | publisher = [[Stanford University]] | year = 1999 | author = Tara Waterman | accessdate = 2008-03-24}}</ref> The dangers of careless human interactions with chimpanzees are only aggravated by the fact that many chimpanzees perceive humans as potential rivals,<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7087194/ | title = Chimp attack doesn’t surprise experts | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2005-03-05]] | work = [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/ MSNBC]}}</ref> and by the fact that the average chimpanzee has over 5 times the upper-body strength of a human male.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=559145 | title = Re: Chimpanzee strength | accessdate = 2008-02-21 | date = [[2005-08-23]] | work = [http://answers.google.com Google Answers]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a1_001b.html | title = Can a 90-lb. chimp clobber a full-grown man? | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[1976-09-10]] | work = [http://www.straightdope.com The Straight Dope]}}</ref> As a result virtually any angered chimpanzee can easily overpower and potentially kill even a fully grown man, as shown by the attack and near death of former [[NASCAR]] driver [[Saint James Davis]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-03-04-chimp-attack_x.htm | title = Birthday party turns bloody when chimps attack | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2005-03-04]] | work = [http://www.usatoday.com/ USATODAY]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = The Animal Within | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/23/AR2005052301819.html | date = [[2005-05-24]] | author = Amy Argetsinger | work = [http://www.washingtonpost.com The Washington Post]}}</ref>
The August, 2008, issue of the ''American Journal of Primatology'' reports results of a year-long study of chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Mahale Mountains National Park which produced evidence that chimpanzees are becoming sick from viral infectious diseases they have likely contracted from humans. Molecular, microscopic and epidemiological investigations demonstrated that the chimpanzees living at Mahale Mountains National Park have been suffering from a respiratory disease that is likely caused by a variant of a human paramyxovirus.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/541407/ Newswise: Researchers Find Human Virus in Chimpanzees] Retrieved on June 5, 2008.</ref>
[[Image:Lightmatter chimp.jpg|thumb|right|300px|లాస్ ఏంజిలెస్ జంతుప్రదర్శన శాలలో చింపాంజీ]]
1960లో [[జేన్ గూడాల్]] (''[[:en:Jane Goodall]]'') అనే శాస్త్రవేత్త [[టాంజానియా]] [[:en:Gombe Stream National Park|గోంబె నేషనల్ పార్క్ అడవులలో]] సాగించిన అధ్యయనాలు చింపాంజీల గురించిన విజ్ఞానానికి ముఖ్యమైనవి. జంతువులలో మనుషులు మాత్రమే పనిముట్లు వాడతారని అంతతకుముందు అభిప్రాయం ఉండేది. చింపాంజీలు పనిముట్లను వాడతాయని ఆమె కనుక్కోవడం ఒక ప్రముఖ పరిశీలనగా భావిస్తారు. తరువాత అడవులలోను, పరిశోధనాగారాలలోను చింపాంజీల గురించి అనేక అధ్యయనాలు జరిగాయి. Wolfgang Köhler మరియు Robert Yerkes అనే శాస్త్రవేత్తలు విస్తృతమైన పరిశోధనలు చేసి, చింపాంజీలు మానవుల వంటి ప్రవర్తననే కలిగి ఉంటాయని 1925లో ప్రచురించారు.("chimpanzees manifest intelligent behaviour of the general kind familiar in human beings ... a type of behaviour which counts as specifically human" -1925).<ref name=goodall>{{cite book | last = Goodall | first = Jane | authorlink = Jane Goodall | year = 1986 | title = The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior | id = ISBN 0-674-11649-6}}</ref>
సాధారణ చింపాంజీలు మనుషులపై దాడి చేయడం గురించి తరచు రిపోర్టులు ఉన్నాయి.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pulsejournal.com/featr/content/shared/news/stories/CHIMP_ATTACK_0427_COX.html | title = Texas man saves friend during fatal chimp attack | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | author = Claire Osborn | [[2006-04-27]] | work = [http://www.pulsejournal.com/ The Pulse Journal]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Chimp attack kills cabbie and injures tourists | url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1760554,00.html | publisher = [http://www.guardian.co.uk The Guardian] | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2006-04-25]]}}</ref>
ఉగాండాలో పిల్లలపై చింపాంజీలు దాడిచేయడం పలుమార్లు జరిగింది. వీటిలో కొన్ని దాడులు మాత్రం చింపాంజీలు ఒక విధమైన స్థానిక సారాయి త్రాగి, మనుషుల పిల్లలను <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.primates.com/chimps/drunk-n-disorderly.html | title = 'Drunk and Disorderly' Chimps Attacking Ugandan Children | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2004-02-09]]}}</ref> [[:en:Western Red Colobus|Western Red Colobus]] అనే తమ అహారంగా భ్రమించడం కారణంగా జరిగిందని అభిప్రాయం ఉంది.<ref> {{cite web | url = http://virus.stanford.edu/filo/eboci.html | title =Ebola Cote D'Ivoire Outbreaks | publisher = [[Stanford University]] | year = 1999 | author = Tara Waterman | accessdate = 2008-03-24}}</ref> చింపాంజీలు మనుషులనుండి ప్రమాదాన్ని శంకించడం వలన కొన్ని దఅడులు జరిగాయి.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7087194/ | title = Chimp attack doesn’t surprise experts | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2005-03-05]] | work = [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/ MSNBC]}}</ref>
ఒక మనిషికంటే చింపాంజీ ఐదు రెట్లు పెద్దది కనుక చింపాంజీ దాడి మనిషికి ప్రాణాంతకం కావచ్చును.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=559145 | title = Re: Chimpanzee strength | accessdate = 2008-02-21 | date = [[2005-08-23]] | work = [http://answers.google.com Google Answers]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a1_001b.html | title = Can a 90-lb. chimp clobber a full-grown man? | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[1976-09-10]] | work = [http://www.straightdope.com The Straight Dope]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-03-04-chimp-attack_x.htm | title = Birthday party turns bloody when chimps attack | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | date = [[2005-03-04]] | work = [http://www.usatoday.com/ USATODAY]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = The Animal Within | accessdate = 2006-06-27 | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/23/AR2005052301819.html | date = [[2005-05-24]] | author = Amy Argetsinger | work = [http://www.washingtonpost.com The Washington Post]}}</ref>
ఆగష్టు 2008లో ''American Journal of Primatology''లో ప్రచురించిన రిపోర్టుల ప్రకారం ప్రస్తుతం కొన్ని ప్రాంతాలలో చింపాంజీలు మనుషులనుండి సంక్రమించిన వైరస్ వ్యాధుల కారణంగా అనారోగ్యంతో బాధ పడుతున్నాయి.<ref>[http://newswise.com/articles/view/541407/ Newswise: Researchers Find Human Virus in Chimpanzees] Retrieved on June 5, 2008.</ref>
==ప్రజ్ఞా పాటవాలు==
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