స్టాలిన్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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K.Venkataramana (చర్చ | రచనలు) |
K.Venkataramana (చర్చ | రచనలు) దిద్దుబాటు సారాంశం లేదు |
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పంక్తి 1:
{{విస్తరణ}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = <div class="center">Joseph Stalin</div>
<div class="center" style="font-size:smaller"> Иосиф Сталин {{ru icon}} </div>
<div class="center" style="font-size:smaller"> იოსებ სტალინი {{ka icon}}</div>
|birthname=
| image = JStalin Secretary general CCCP 1942 flipped.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| office = [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|General secretary]] of the [[Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
| term_start = 3 April 1922
| term_end = 16 October 1952
| predecessor = [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]<br /><small>(as [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Responsible Secretary]])</small>
| successor = [[Nikita Khrushchev]]<br /><small>(office reestablished)</small>
| office2 = [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Chairman]] of the [[Council of Ministers (Soviet Union)|Council of Ministers]]
| 1blankname2 = [[First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union|First Deputies]]
| 1namedata2 = [[Nikolai Voznesensky]]<br />[[Vyacheslav Molotov]]
| term_start2 = 6 May 1941
| term_end2 = 5 March 1953
| predecessor2 = [[Vyacheslav Molotov]]
| successor2 = [[Georgy Malenkov]]
| office3 = [[Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)|People's Commissar for Defense of the Soviet Union]]
| premier3 = Himself
| term_start3 = 19 July 1941
| term_end3 = 25 February 1946
| predecessor3 = [[Semyon Timoshenko]]
| successor3 = [[Nikolai Bulganin]]<br /><small>after vacancy</small>
| office4 = Member of the [[Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Secretariat]]
| term_start4 = 3 April 1922
| term_end4 = 5 March 1953
| office5 = Full member of the [[Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Presidium]]
| term_start5 = 25 March 1919
| term_end5 = 5 March 1953
| office6 = Member of the [[Orgburo]]
| term_start6 = 16 January 1919
| term_end6 = 5 March 1953
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1878|12|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], [[Tiflis Governorate]], [[Russian Empire]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1953|3|5|1878|12|18|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Kuntsevo Dacha]], [[Kuntsevo]], [[Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]]
| resting_place = [[Lenin's Mausoleum]], Moscow, [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] (9 March 1953 – 31 October 1961)<br/>[[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]], Moscow, [[Russian Federation]] (from 31 October 1961)
| party = [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]
| nationality = [[Georgians|Georgian]]
| spouse = [[Ekaterina Svanidze]] (1906–1907)<br />[[Nadezhda Alliluyeva]] (1919–1932)
| children = [[Yakov Dzhugashvili]], [[Vasily Dzhugashvili]], [[Svetlana Alliluyeva]]
| religion = None ([[Atheism|atheist]]), formerly [[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodox]]
| allegiance = {{flagu|Soviet Union|1922}}
| branch = [[Soviet Armed Forces]]
| serviceyears = 1943–1953
| rank = [[Marshal of the Soviet Union]] (1943–1945) <br> [[Generalissimus of the Soviet Union]] (1945–1953)
| commands = ''All'' (supreme commander)
| battles = [[World War II]]
| awards = {{Hero of the Soviet Union}} [[File:Hero of Socialist Labor medal.png|20px]] [[File:Badge Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.jpg|70px]]<br/>[[File:Ordervictory rib.png|30px]] [[File:Ordervictory rib.png|30px]]<br/>[[File:Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png|25px]] [[File:Order of Red Banner ribbon bar.png|25px]] [[File:20 years saf rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png|25px|link=Order of Lenin]]<br/>[[File:Order of Lenin ribbon bar.png|25px|link=Order of Lenin]] [[File:Order suvorov1 rib.png|25px]] [[File:Ribbon bar for the medal for the Defense of Moscow.png|25px]] [[File:Orderglory rib.png|25px]]<br/>[[File:OrdenSuheBator.png|25px]] [[File:OrdenSuheBator.png|25px]] [[File:Victoryjapan rib.png|25px]] [[File:Victoryjapan rib.png|25px]]<br/>[[File:800thMoscowRibbon.gif|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]] [[File:Order redstar rib.png|25px]]<br/>[[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]] [[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]] [[File:TCH Rad Bileho Lva 5 tridy (1990) BAR.svg|25px]] [[File:TCH Rad Bileho Lva 1 tridy (pre1990) BAR.svg|25px]] [[File:Czechoslovak War Cross 1939-1945 Bar.png|25px]]
| signature = Stalin Signature.svg
}}
'''స్టాలిన్''' పూర్తి పేరు '''జోసఫ్ విస్సారినోవిక్ స్టాలిన్''' ([[ఆంగ్లం]] Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin) (డిసెంబరు 18 1878 – మార్చి 5, 1953). <ref name="name">''Stalin'' meaning "made of steel".</ref><ref name=dob>Although there is an inconsistency among published sources about Stalin's year and date of birth, Iosif Dzhugashvili is found in the records of the Uspensky Church in [[Gori, Georgia|Gori]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] as born on December 18 ([[Julian calendar|Old Style]]: December 6) 1878. This birth date is maintained in his School Leaving Certificate, his extensive tsarist Russia police file, a police arrest record from April 18, 1902 which gave his age as 23 years, and all other surviving pre-Revolution documents. As late as 1921, Stalin himself listed his birthday as December 18, 1878 in a curriculum vitae in his own handwriting. However, after his coming to power in 1922, Stalin changed the date to {{OldStyleDate|December 21|1879|December 9}}. That became the day his birthday was celebrated in the [[Soviet Union]]. Russian playwright [[Edvard Radzinsky]] argued in his book ''Stalin'' that Stalin changed the year to 1879 to have a nation-wide birthday celebration of his 50th birthday. He could not do it in 1928 because his rule was not absolute enough.{{citeweb|url=http://state.rin.ru/cgi-bin/persona_e.pl?id=4140&id_subcat=6&r=8|publisher=State and Power in Russia|accessdate=2008-07-19|title=Prominent figures}}</ref><ref>{{citebook|author=Halfin, Igal|title=Terror in My Soul: Communist autobiographies on trial|pages=p.15|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TVOBqYG86EIC&dq=Terror+in+My+Soul:+Communist+Autobiographies+on+Trial&pg=PP1&ots=NMnl1AZWon&sig=9GSNRBpzl4MnhaGB5zWY0razesY&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPR7,M1}}</ref> అతను క్రమంగా తన అధికారాన్ని పటిష్టం చేసుకొని సోవియట్ యూనియన్కు బ్యూరోక్రాటిక్ పాలకుడు అయ్యాడు. ఆ కాలాన్ని సోవియట్ యూనియన్ చరిత్రలో [[:en:Stalinism|స్టాలినిజమ్]] అంటారు.<ref>
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