క్రోమియం, 00Cr |
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Appearance | silvery metallic |
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Group | మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format |
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Period | period 4 |
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Block | d-block |
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Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d5 4s1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 13, 1 |
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Phase at STP | solid |
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Melting point | 2180 K (1907 °C, 3465 °F) |
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Boiling point | 2944 K (2671 °C, 4840 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 7.19 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.3 g/cm3 |
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Heat of fusion | 21.0 kJ/mol |
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Heat of vaporization | 339.5 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 23.35 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
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1
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10
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100
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1 k
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10 k
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100 k
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at T (K)
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1656
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1807
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1991
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2223
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2530
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2942
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Oxidation states | −4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.66 |
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Ionization energies | |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 128 pm |
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Covalent radius | 139±5 pm |
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Spectral lines of క్రోమియం |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 5940 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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Thermal expansion | 4.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 93.9 W/(m⋅K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 125 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic ordering | AFM (rather: SDW[3]) |
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Young's modulus | 279 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 115 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 160 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.21 |
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Mohs hardness | 8.5 |
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Vickers hardness | 1060 MPa |
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Brinell hardness | 1120 MPa |
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CAS Number | 7440-47-3 |
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Discovery | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797) |
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First isolation | Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1798) |
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Template:infobox క్రోమియం isotopes does not exist |
Category: క్రోమియం | references |
References
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