మూస:Infobox bismuth

బిస్మత్, ₀₀Bi
బిస్మత్
Pronunciation	/ˈbɪzməθ/ (BIZ-məth)
Appearance	lustrous silver
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Bi)
	208.98040±0.00001; 208.98±0.01 (abridged);
బిస్మత్ in the periodic table
	సీసము ← బిస్మత్ → పొలోనియం
Group	మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Period	period 6
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	544.7 K (271.5 °C, 520.7 °F)
Boiling point	1837 K (1564 °C, 2847 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	9.78 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	10.05 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	151 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
Ionization energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
	Spectral lines of బిస్మత్
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	rhombohedral
Speed of sound thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.97 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µ Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.25
Brinell hardness	94.2 MPa
CAS Number	7440-69-9
History
Discovery	Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
Isotopes of బిస్మత్ v; e;
	Template:infobox బిస్మత్ isotopes does not exist
	Category: బిస్మత్; view; talk; edit; \| references

References

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Bismuth". CIAAW. 2005.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 6, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID 35578901. S2CID 248675805.
↑ Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (9): 865. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62002297.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Bismuth". CIAAW. 2005.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Bi(0) state exists in a N-heterocyclic carbene complex of dibismuthene; see Deka, Rajesh; Orthaber, Andreas (May 6, 2022). "Carbene chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth: origin, evolution and future prospects". Royal Society of Chemistry. 51 (22): 8540–8556. doi:10.1039/d2dt00755j. PMID 35578901. S2CID 248675805.

[str-4] Cucka, P.; Barrett, C. S. (1962). "The crystal structure of Bi and of solid solutions of Pb, Sn, Sb and Te in Bi". Acta Crystallographica. 15 (9): 865. doi:10.1107/S0365110X62002297.

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