సోడియం, 00 Na Appearance silvery white metallic
Group మూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format Period period 3 Block s-block Electron configuration [Ne ] 3s1 Electrons per shell 2,8,1 Phase at STP solid Melting point 370.944 K (97.794 °C, 208.029 °F) Boiling point 1156.090 K (882.940 °C, 1621.292 °F) Density (near r.t. ) 0.968 g/cm3 when liquid (at m.p. ) 0.927 g/cm3 Critical point (extrapolated) 2573 K, 35 MPa Heat of fusion 2.60 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 97.42 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 28.230 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
554
617
697
802
946
1153
Oxidation state s−1, 0,[3] +1 (a strongly basic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 0.93 Ionization energies Atomic radius empirical: 186 pm Covalent radius 166±9 pm Van der Waals radius 227 pm Spectral line s of సోడియంNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure body-centered cubic (bcc) Speed of sound thin rod 3200 m/s (at 20 °C) Thermal expansion 71 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) Thermal conductivity 142 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 47.7 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic [4] Young's modulus 10 GPa Shear modulus 3.3 GPa Bulk modulus 6.3 GPa Mohs hardness 0.5 Brinell hardness 0.69 MPa CAS Number 7440-23-5 Discovery Humphry Davy (1807) First isolation Humphry Davy (1807) Symbol "Na": from New Latin natrium , coined from German Natron , 'natron ' Template:infobox సోడియం isotopes does not exist Category: సోడియం | references
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Sodium" . CIAAW . 2005.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 .
↑ The compound NaCl has been shown in experiments to exists in several unusual stoichiometries under high pressure, including Na3 Cl in which contains a layer of sodium(0) atoms; see Zhang, W.; Oganov, A. R.; Goncharov, A. F.; Zhu, Q.; Boulfelfel, S. E.; Lyakhov, A. O.; Stavrou, E.; Somayazulu, M.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Konôpková, Z. (2013). "Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides". Science . 342 (6165): 1502–1505. arXiv :1310.7674 . Bibcode :2013Sci...342.1502Z . doi :10.1126/science.1244989 . PMID 24357316 . S2CID 15298372 .
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 .
↑ Endt, P. M. (1990). "Energy levels of A = 21–44 nuclei (VII)". Nuclear Physics A . 521 : 1–400. Bibcode :1990NuPhA.521....1E . doi :10.1016/0375-9474(90)90598-G .