హాఫ్నియం, 00Hf
హాఫ్నియం
Pronunciation/ˈhæfniəm/ (HAF-nee-əm)
Appearancesteel gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Hf)
హాఫ్నియం in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
Zr

Hf

Rf
లుటీషియంహాఫ్నియంటాంటాలం
Groupమూస:Infobox element/symbol-to-group/format
Periodperiod 6
Block  d-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolid
Melting point2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
Boiling point4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Density (near r.t.)13.31 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)12 g/cm3
Heat of fusion27.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization571 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.73 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2689 2954 3277 3679 4194 4876
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.3
Atomic radiusempirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius175±10 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of హాఫ్నియం
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structurehexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for హాఫ్నియం
Speed of sound thin rod3010 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion5.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity23.0 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity331 n Ω⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[3]
Young's modulus78 GPa
Shear modulus30 GPa
Bulk modulus110 GPa
Poisson ratio0.37
Mohs hardness5.5
Vickers hardness1760 MPa
Brinell hardness1700 MPa
CAS Number7440-58-6
History
PredictionDmitri Mendeleev (1869)
DiscoveryDirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
First isolationDirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Isotopes of హాఫ్నియం
Template:infobox హాఫ్నియం isotopes does not exist
 Category: హాఫ్నియం
| references

References

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Hafnium". CIAAW. 2019.
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in ఇంగ్లీష్). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  3. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.


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