శివసాగర్ జిల్లా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 24:
'''శిబ్సాగర్''' ఎగువ [[అస్సాం]] రాష్ట్రంలోని ఒక ముఖ్యమైన పట్టణం. అసోం రాజులు శిబ్ సాగర్ ని ముఖ్య పట్టణంగా చేసుకుని పరిపాలించారు. ఇప్పటికీ వారి కోట అయిన [[తలాతల్ ఘర్]], రాజులు వినోదాన్ని తిలకించే "[[రోం ఘర్]]" పర్యాటకులకు ఆసక్తి కలిగిస్తూనే ఉన్నాయి. యుద్ధ సమాయాల్లో రాజులు తలాతల్ ఘర్ నుంచి తప్పించుకొనేందుకు రహస్యమార్గం ఉండేదిట.
{{About|the district|its eponymous headquarters|Sivasagar}}
{{India Districts
|Name = Sivasagar
|Local = শিৱসাগৰ জিলা
|State = Assam
|Division = [[Sivasagar Division]]
|HQ = Sivasagar
|Map = Assam Sibsagar locator map.svg
|Area = 2,668
|Rain =
|Population = 1,150,253
|Urban =
|Year = 2011
|Density = 431.1
|Literacy = 81.36 %
|SexRatio = 951 per 1000 male
|Tehsils = 1. Amguri 2. Gaurisagar 3. [[Sivasagar]] 4. Demow 5. Nazira 6. Hapekhati 7. Lakowa 8. West Abhayapuri 9. Sonari
|LokSabha = 1. Jorhat
|Assembly = 1. Amguri, 2. Sivasagar 3. Thowra 4. Nazira 5. Sonari 6. Mahmora
|Highways = [[National Highway 37 (India)|NH-37]]
|Website = http://sivasagar.nic.in
}}
'''Sivasagar district''' {Pron: ˈsɪvəˌsʌgə(r) or ˈʃɪvəˌsʌgə(r)} ({{lang-as|শিৱসাগৰ জিলা}}), formerly known as ''Sibsagar'', is one of the 27 [[Districts of Assam|districts]] of [[Assam]] [[States and territories of India|state]] in north-eastern [[India]]. [[Sivasagar]] city is the administrative headquarters of this district.It is known for its rich and diverse biodiversity.<ref name="Deputy Director">{{cite book | title=District at a glance, Sivasagar | publisher=Office of the Deputy Director of Economics and Statistics, Sivasagar | year=2001}}</ref> The districts covers an area of 2668 square kilometers as against total area of 78438 square kilometers of Assam as per census of 2001. The district comprises three sub-divisions – ''Sivasagar'', ''Charaideo'' and ''Nazira''. The district of Sivasagar lies between 26.45°N and 27.15°N latitudes and 94.25°E and 95.25°E longitudes. The district is bounded by the Brahmaputra River on the north, the Nagaland on the south, the Dihing River on the east and the Jhanji River on the west. The Sivasagar district has got its definite identity due to its different races, castes, languages and cultures.
==History==
Before the British period, the center of the administration of Assam was around Sivasagar where the famous Ahoms ruled for nearly six hundred years. The Ahom kings special care to build different temples, dedicated to various deities and dig big tanks which till today stand out as memorials to their glory in the district.<ref name="Deputy Director" /> The Sivasagar was the capital of the Ahom Kingdom since 1699 to 1788. The famous Joysagar Tank was excavated within 45 days by [[Rudra Sinha]] (1696-1714) in memory of his mother [[Joymoti]] Kunwari. The Joy Dol is situated on the bank of Joysagar Tank. [[Pramatta Sinha]] (1744-1751) built the [[Ranghar]] with bricks in 1745. Gaurisagar Tank is situated about eight miles of Sivasagar town. The Sivasagar Tank was excavated by queen Ambika Devi in 1733. The Siva Dol, Vishnu Dol and Devi Dol are situated on the bank of Sivasagar Tank. Rajeshwar Sinha (1751-1769) built the Kareng Ghar in Gargaon. Charaideo, about 28 kilometers away from Sivasagar, is famous for Maidams. [[Sukapha]], the first Ahom king, constructed Charaideo in 1253. Sivasagar was earlier known as Rongpur and Rongpur was earlier known as Meteka.<ref name="G L Publications">{{cite book | title=Sivasagar District | publisher=G L Publications | author=The North East Times, Special supplement | year=1995 | location=Guwahati}}</ref> The original name of Sivasagar district was Sibpur. At last on February 24, 1826, the treaty of Yandabo confirmed the British occupation of Assam. This treaty of Yandabo brought the about six hundred year Ahom periods to an end. After the 1826, the British rule in Assam a number of changes were affected in the administrative line like the formation of districts. The Sivasagar district was created after the annexation of [[Purandar Sinha]]’s dominion of upper Assam in 1839. The Sadar headquarter of Sivasagar was transferred to Jorhat in 1912-13. The undivided old Sivasagar district comprised three subdivisions, namely Sivasagar, Jorhat and Golaghat. In 1983, the undivided Sivasagar district was reorganized and formed [[Jorhat district]]<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = http://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref> and Golaghat district. This was repeated 15 August 1987 with the creation of [[Golaghat district]].<ref name='Statoids'/>
==Geography==
The district is situated between 26.45° and 27.15° north latitudes and 94.25° and 95.25° east longitudes. Sivasagar district occupies an area of {{convert|2668|km2|sqmi}},<ref name='Reference Annual'>{{cite book | last1 = Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) | title = India 2010: A Reference Annual | chapter = States and Union Territories: Assam: Government | edition = 54th | publisher = Additional Director General, Publications Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)]], [[Government of India]] | year = 2010 | location = New Delhi, India | pages = 1116 | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | isbn = 978-81-230-1617-7}}</ref> comparatively equivalent to [[Estonia]]'s [[Saaremaa Island]].<ref name='Islands'>{{cite web | url = http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm | title = Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area | accessdate = 2011-10-11 | date = 1998-02-18 | publisher = [[United Nations Environment Program]] | quote = Saaremaa 2,672km2}}</ref>
The [[Naga Hills]] lie towards the South, while the [[Brahmaputra]] river is on the North. The district is mostly flat alluvial plain with hillocks on South-eastern and Southern areas near [[Nagaland]] border.
==Economy==
Industry in Sivasagar: The main industries in Sivasagar are oil industry and tea industry. Majority of the population are agrarian.
==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 census of India|2011 census]] Sivasagar district has a [[Demographics of India|population]] of 1,150,253,<ref name=districtcensus>{{cite web | url = http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php | title = District Census 2011 | accessdate = 2011-09-30 | year = 2011 | publisher = Census2011.co.in}}</ref> roughly equal to the nation of [[Timor-Leste]]<ref name="cia">{{cite web | author = US Directorate of Intelligence | title = Country Comparison:Population | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2119rank.html | accessdate = 2011-10-01 | quote =
Timor-Leste
1,177,834
July 2011 est.
}}</ref> or the US state of [[Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php|title=2010 Resident Population Data|publisher=U. S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-09-30| quote =
Rhode Island
1,052,567
}}</ref> This gives it a ranking of 406th in India (out of a total of [[Districts of India|640]]).<ref name=districtcensus/> The district has a population density of {{convert|431|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}} .<ref name=districtcensus/> Its [[Family planning in India|population growth rate]] over the decade 2001-2011 was 9.37%.<ref name=districtcensus/> Sivasagar has a [[sex ratio]] of 951 [[Women in India|females]] for every 1000 males,<ref name=districtcensus/> and a [[Literacy in India|literacy rate]] of 81.36%.<ref name=districtcensus/>
Hindus 927,706 (88.16%), Muslims 85,761 (8.15%).
The main communities living in the district are [[Ahoms]], [[Tea-tribes]], [[Sutiya Kingdom|Sutiya]], [[Sonowal Kachari]], [[Mishing People|Mising]] and [[Deori people|Deori]].
There are also a few villages of [[Buddhist]] tribes like [[Khamyang people|Khamyang]] and [[Turung people]]. Moreover there is a small population of [[Konyak people|Konyak]], [[Meitei people|Manipuri]] and [[Nocte]] living in certain parts of the district.
==Flora and Fauna==
In 1999, Sivasagar district became home to the Panidihing [[Wildlife Sanctuaries in India|Wildlife Sanctuary]], which has an area of {{convert|34|km2|mi2|abbr=on|1}}.<ref name=parks>{{cite web|author=Indian Ministry of Forests and Environment|date=|title=Protected areas: Assam|publisher=|url=http://oldwww.wii.gov.in/envis/envis_pa_network/index.htm|accessdate=September 25, 2011}}</ref>
There are also many reserve forests like Abhaypur, Dilli, Diroi, Geleky and Saleh. There are some unclassified forests along the Nagaland and Arunachal border. The vegetation is mostly [[Tropical Evergreen]] with trees like Hollong, Titachapa, Nahor, Mekai etc. dominating the canopy.
The district is also rich in fauna. Various rare and endangered mammals like [[Tiger]], [[Elephant]], [[Sun Bear]], [[Sambar (deer)|Sambar]], [[Hoolock Gibbon]] etc. are found in the reserve forests.
==Festivals and Fairs==
The Bihus are the most popular agricultural festival in the district.<ref name="G L Publications" /> The Bohag Bihu marks the advent of the cropping season, the Magh Bihu marks as harvesting festivals and Kati Bihu marks as lean period of agriculture. The Vaishnavis observes the birth and death anniversaries of the prominent Vaishnava saints in the district. Tribal communities like the Mishings and Deoris also perform Bihu in their own styles. Id-ul-Zuha and Id-ul-fiter are religious festivals of Muslims. Other Hindu festivals are Ambubashi, Durga Puja and Sivaratri in the district. The Sivaratri Mela of Siva Dol in Sivasagar town has been observed since the Ahom days.<ref name="G L Publications" /> Tea tribes are maintaining their own culture and tradition in their day-to-day life. Jhumur dance and song is one of their prime cultural activities.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://sivasagar.nic.in District Administration Website]
{{Geographic location
|Centre = Sivasagar district
|North = [[Brahmaputra]]
|Northeast = [[Dibrugarh district]]
|East = [[Dibrugarh district]]
|Southeast = [[Mon district]], [[Nagaland]]
|South = [[Longleng district]], [[Nagaland]]
|Southwest = [[Mokokchung district]], [[Nagaland]]
|West = [[Jorhat district]]
|Northwest = [[Jorhat district]]
}}
{{Assam}}
{{coord|26|59|03.90|N|94|37|53.07|E|display=title}}
[[Category:Districts of Assam]]
[[Category:Sivasagar district| ]]
== చిత్రమాలిక ==
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