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వెనుజ్వేలా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

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విజువల్వికీటెక్స్ట్
పంక్తి 425:
రచయితలు మరియు నవలారచయితలలో రొములొ గల్లెజొస్, టెరస డీ లా పర్రా, ఆర్టురొ అస్లర్ పియట్రి, ఆండ్రియానొ గాంజలెజ్ లెయాన్, మైగ్యుయల్ ఒటెరొ సిల్వ మరియు మరియానొ పికాన్ సలాస్ ప్రధాన్యత వహిస్తున్నారు. గొప్ప కవి మరియు మానవతావాది ఆండ్రెస్ బెల్లొ కూడా విద్యావేత్తగా మరియు మేధావిగా (ఆయన సైమన్ బొలివర్ బాల్యకాల ట్యూటర్ మరియు మెంటర్) గుర్తించబడ్డాడు. ఇతరులలో ల్యూరియానొ వల్లెనిల్లా మరియు జోస్ గిల్ ఫొర్టౌల్ తమ సానుకూలధోరిణి విశ్లేషణతో గుర్తించబడ్డారు.
 
=== Musicసంగీతం ===
[[File:Alma llanera.jpg|thumb|Cover of [[Alma Llanera]]]]
వెనుజులా ఇండిజెనియస్ సంగీతశైలిని అన్ సొలొ ప్యూబ్లొ మరియు సెరెంటా గయానెసా సంగీతబృందాలు విశదీకరిస్తుంటాయి. వెనుజులా జాతీయ సంగీత వాయిద్యం కుయాట్రొ.
{{Main article|Music of Venezuela}}
Indigenous [[Music of Venezuela|musical styles of Venezuela]] are exemplified by the groups ''[[Un Sólo Pueblo]]'' and ''[[Serenata Guayanesa]]''. The national musical instrument is the [[cuatro (instrument)|cuatro]]. Typical musical styles and pieces mainly emerged in and around the ''llanos'' region, including ''Alma Llanera'' (by [[Pedro Elías Gutiérrez]] and [[Rafael Bolívar Coronado]]), ''Florentino y el diablo'' (by [[Alberto Arvelo Torrealba]]), ''Concierto en la llanura'' by [[Juan Vicente Torrealba]], and ''[[Caballo Viejo]]'' (by [[Simón Díaz]]).
 
The Zulian ''[[Gaita Zuliana|gaita]]'' is also a very popular style, generally performed during Christmas. The national dance is the ''[[joropo]]''.{{sfn|Cortés|2013|p=2134}} Venezuela has always been a melting pot of cultures and this can be seen in the richness and variety of its musical styles and dances: [[Calypso music|calipso]], [[bambuco]], [[fulía]], cantos de pilado de maíz, cantos de lavanderas, [[sebucán]], and [[maremare]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turpialtravel.com/countries/key-facts-venezuela.html|title=Key Facts Venezuela|publisher=''Turpial Travel & Adventure''|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> [[Teresa Carreño]] was a world-famous 19th century piano virtuoso. In the last years, Classical Music has had great performances. The [[Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra]], under the baton of its principal conductor [[Gustavo Dudamel]] and José Antonio Abreu, has hosted a number of excellent presentations in many European concert halls, notably at the 2007 London [[The Proms|Proms]], and has received several honors. The orchestra is the pinnacle of [[El Sistema]], a publicly financed voluntary sector music education program now being emulated in other countries.
 
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turpialtravel.com/countries/key-facts-venezuela.html|title=Key Facts Venezuela|publisher=''Turpial Travel & Adventure''|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref>
In the early 21st century, a movement known as "Movida Acústica Urbana" featured musicians trying to save some national traditions, creating their own songs but using traditional instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/arte-y-entretenimiento/141208/rock-and-mau-sonara-bajo-las-nubes-de-calder|title=Rock and MAU sonará bajo las nubes de Calder|publisher=''El Universal''|date=8 December 2014|accessdate=13 July 2015|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fernández B.|first=María Gabriela|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/arte-y-entretenimiento/150314/el-jazz-es-el-lenguaje-universal-de-la-musica-popular|title=El jazz es el lenguaje universal de la música popular|publisher=''El Universal''|date=14 March 2015|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> Some groups in this tradition are Tambor Urbano,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olsen|first1=Dale|last2=Sheehy|first2=Daniel|title=The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135900083|page=32}}</ref> Los Sinverguenzas, the C4Trio, and Orozco Jam.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christie|first1=Jan Fairley ; edited by Simon Frith, Stan Rijven, Ian|title=Living politics, making music : the writings of Jan Fairley|date=2014|isbn=9781472412669|page=113}}</ref>▼
 
[[Teresa Carreño]] was a world-famous 19th century piano virtuoso. In the last years, Classical Music has had great performances. The [[Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra]], under the baton of its principal conductor [[Gustavo Dudamel]] and José Antonio Abreu, has hosted a number of excellent presentations in many European concert halls, notably at the 2007 London [[The Proms|Proms]], and has received several honors. The orchestra is the pinnacle of [[El Sistema]], a publicly financed voluntary sector music education program now being emulated in other countries.
 
In the early 21st century, a movement known as "Movida Acústica Urbana" featured musicians trying to save some national traditions, creating their own songs but using traditional instruments.
 
▲In the early 21st century, a movement known as "Movida Acústica Urbana" featured musicians trying to save some national traditions, creating their own songs but using traditional instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/arte-y-entretenimiento/141208/rock-and-mau-sonara-bajo-las-nubes-de-calder|title=Rock and MAU sonará bajo las nubes de Calder|publisher=''El Universal''|date=8 December 2014|accessdate=13 July 2015|language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fernández B.|first=María Gabriela|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/arte-y-entretenimiento/150314/el-jazz-es-el-lenguaje-universal-de-la-musica-popular|title=El jazz es el lenguaje universal de la música popular|publisher=''El Universal''|date=14 March 2015|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> Some groups in this tradition are Tambor Urbano,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olsen|first1=Dale|last2=Sheehy|first2=Daniel|title=The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135900083|page=32}}</ref> Los Sinverguenzas, the C4Trio, and Orozco Jam.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christie|first1=Jan Fairley ; edited by Simon Frith, Stan Rijven, Ian|title=Living politics, making music : the writings of Jan Fairley|date=2014|isbn=9781472412669|page=113}}</ref>
 
Some groups in this tradition are Tambor Urbano,
 
<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olsen|first1=Dale|last2=Sheehy|first2=Daniel|title=The Garland Handbook of Latin American Music|date=2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135900083|page=32}}</ref>
 
Los Sinverguenzas, the C4Trio, and Orozco Jam.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Christie|first1=Jan Fairley ; edited by Simon Frith, Stan Rijven, Ian|title=Living politics, making music : the writings of Jan Fairley|date=2014|isbn=9781472412669|page=113}}</ref>
 
Afro-Venezuelan musical traditions are most intimately related to the festivals of the "'''black folk saints'''" '''San Juan''' and '''San Benito'''. Specific songs are related to the different stages of the festival and of the procession, when the saints start their yearly ''paseo'' – stroll – through the community to dance with their people.
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