డెన్మార్క్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

[[నార్వే]] మరియు స్వీడన్లతో డెన్మార్క్ స్కాండినేవియన్ ఎయిర్ లైన్స్ ఫ్లాగ్ క్యారియర్లో భాగస్వామ్యం వహిస్తుంది. కోపెన్హాగన్ విమానాశ్రయం స్కాండినేవియా అత్యంత రద్దీగల ప్రయాణీకుల విమానాశ్రయాలుగా ఉన్నాయి. ఇది 2014 లో 25 మిలియన్ ప్రయాణీకులను నిర్వహించింది.

<ref name="cph">{{cite web|title=Group Annual Report 2014|url=https://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616072050/http://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 June 2015|website=cph.dk|publisher=Copenhagen Airports A/S|accessdate=19 August 2015|format=PDF|df=dmy-all}}</ref> ఇతర ముఖ్యమైన విమానాశ్రయములలో బిల్యుండ్ ఎయిర్ పోర్ట్, ఆల్బోర్గ్ ఎయిర్పోర్ట్ మరియు ఆర్ఫస్ ఎయిర్పోర్ట్ ప్రాధాన్యత వహిస్తున్నాయి.

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There are no official statistics on [[ethnic group]]s, but according to 2016 figures from Statistics Denmark, approximately 86.9% of the population was of [[Danes|Danish]] descent, defined as having at least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship.<ref name="pop1">{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/FOLK1|publisher=[[Statistics Denmark]]|accessdate=13 February 2017|quote=January 2017}}</ref><ref group=N name="denonly group=N">This data is for Denmark [[wikt:proper#Adjective|proper]] only. For data relevant to [[Greenland]] and the [[Faroe Islands]] see their respective articles.</ref> The remaining 13.1% were of a foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were [[Poles|Poland]], [[Demographics of Turkey|Turkey]], [[Germans|Germany]], [[Iraqis|Iraq]], [[Romanians|Romania]], [[Syrians|Syria]], [[Somalis|Somalia]], [[Demographics of Iran|Iran]], [[Demographics of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], and [[Balkans|Balkan]] states.<ref name="pop1" />

 

[[Danish language|Danish]] is the ''de facto'' [[national language]] of Denmark.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> [[Faroese language|Faroese]] and [[Greenlandic language|Greenlandic]] are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |year=2009 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International. |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn= 978-1-55671-216-6 |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref> [[German language|German]] is a recognised [[minority language]] in the area of the former [[South Jutland County]] (now part of the [[Region of Southern Denmark]]), which was part of the German Empire prior to the [[Treaty of Versailles]].<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Danish and Faroese belong to the [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] (Nordic) branch of the [[Indo-European languages]], along with [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]], and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="language">{{cite web|title=Language|url=http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|publisher=The Nordic Council|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref> There is a limited degree of [[North Germanic languages#Mutual intelligibility|mutual intelligibility between Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish]]. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the [[Eskimo–Aleut languages]]; it is closely related to the [[Inuit languages]] in Canada, such as [[Inuktitut]], and entirely unrelated to Danish.<ref name="language" />

 

A large majority (86%) of Danes speak [[English language|English]] as a second language,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|work=[[Eurobarometer]]|publisher=[[European Commission]]|accessdate=22 May 2014|date=February 2006}}</ref> generally with a high level of [[language proficiency|proficiency]]. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<ref name="Ethnologue" /> Denmark had 25,900 [[first language|native speakers]] of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<ref name="Ethnologue" />

 

[[Christianity in Denmark|Christianity]] is the dominant religion in Denmark. In January 2017, 75.9%<ref name="church stats" /> of the population of Denmark were members of the [[Church of Denmark]] ({{lang|da|Den Danske Folkekirke}}), the [[state religion|officially established]] church, which is [[Protestant]] in classification and [[Lutheran]] in orientation.<ref>[http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html Denmark – Constitution] – Part I – Section 4 [State Church]: "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</ref><ref group="N">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the [[Church of the Faroe Islands]] became an independent body in 2007.</ref> This is down 1.0% compared to the year earlier and 1.9% down compared to two years earlier. Despite the high membership figures, only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<ref name="report 2009">{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm |title=Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |year=2009 |work=International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx |title=Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews |last=Manchin |first= Robert |date=21 September 2004 |work=Gallup Poll |publisher=[[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<ref name="gallup-religiosity-poor-nations">{{cite web|last1=Crabtree|first1=Steve|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|publisher=Gallup|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref>

 

According to a 2010 [[Eurobarometer]] Poll,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204 |others=Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archivedate=15 December 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> 28% of Danish citizens polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe [[Jesus]] is the [[son of God]], and 18% believe he is the [[Redeemer (Christianity)|saviour]] of the world.<ref>Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, [http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus ''Hver fjerde dansker tror på Jesus''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091225060504/http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/artikel/350709:Kirke---tro--Hver-fjerde-dansker-tror-paa-Jesus |date=25 December 2009 }} (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 {{da icon}}</ref>

 

[[File:Københavns universitet lektionskatalog 1537.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The oldest surviving Danish lecture plan dated 1537 from the [[University of Copenhagen]]]]

[[File:The Black Diamond (Royal Library), Copenhagen.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Royal Danish Library]] in Copenhagen]]

The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and [[tertiary education|tertiary]] enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education Policy Outlook: Denmark|url=https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|publisher=OECD|accessdate=27 April 2016|page=4}}</ref> All [[university]] and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as ''[[Student loans in Denmark|Statens Uddannelsesstøtte]] (SU)'', which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<ref>Rick Noack (4 February 2015). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/04/why-danish-students-are-paid-to-go-to-college/ Why Danish students are paid to go to college]. ''[[The Washington Post]].'' Retrieved 5 February 2015.</ref> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the [[English language]], the academic [[lingua franca]], in [[bachelor's degree]]s, [[master's degree]]s, [[doctorate]]s and [[student exchange program]]mes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://studyindenmark.dk/ |title=Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark}}</ref>

 

{{As of|2015}}, Denmark has a [[life expectancy]] of 80.6 years at birth (78.6 for men, 82.5 for women), up from 76.9 years in 2000.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=20 August 2017|date=6 July 2016}}</ref> This [[List of countries by life expectancy|ranks it]] 27th among 193 nations, behind the other [[Nordic countries]]. The ''National Institute of Public Health'' of the [[University of Southern Denmark]] has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, [[drug abuse]] and [[Sedentary lifestyle|physical inactivity]].<ref name="health report">{{cite book|last=Brønnum-Hansen|first=Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik|title=Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report|date=2007|publisher=National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark|location=København|isbn=978-87-7899-123-2|url=http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> Although the [[Obesity by country|obesity rate]] is lower than in North America and most other European countries,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2228rank.html |title=Obesity – Adult prevalence |publisher=CIA Factbook |accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> the large number of Danes becoming [[overweight]] is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of [[Danish krone|DKK]] 1,625 million.<ref name="health report" /> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest [[List of OECD countries by cancer rate|cancer rate]] of all countries listed by the [[World Cancer Research Fund International]]; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy [[List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita|alcohol consumption]], [[Prevalence of tobacco consumption|smoking]] and physical inactivity.<ref>{{cite news|title = Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?|url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|work = The Daily Telegraph |location = London |accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Data for cancer frequency by country |url = http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|publisher=WCRF |date=2012|accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref>