పోర్చుగల్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

 

వయోజనుల్లో ఒక వంతు మాత్రమే పోర్చుగల్ (కాస్మెల్ మరియు ఇతరులు 2004) లో తమ ఆరోగ్యాన్ని మంచిగా లేదా చాలా మంచిగా రేట్ చేసారు.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/document/chh/por_highlights.pdf |title=Highlights on health in Portugal 2004 |accessdate=25 February 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201122536/http://www.euro.who.int/document/chh/por_highlights.pdf |archivedate=1 December 2009 |df= }}. World Health Organization</ref>

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Portugal is home to [[List of World Heritage Sites in Portugal|fifteen]] UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s, ranking it [[Table of World Heritage Sites by country|8th in Europe and 17th in the world.]]

 

Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the [[Manueline]], also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, [[Soft Portuguese style]], appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like [[Eduardo Souto de Moura]], [[Álvaro Siza Vieira]] (both [[Pritzker Prize]] winners) and [[Gonçalo Byrne]]. In Portugal [[Tomás Taveira]] is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.<ref>{{pt icon}} [https://www.dn.pt/Inicio/interior.aspx?content_id=615671 Estádios de Tomás Taveira e Souto Moura premiados] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429003508/http://www.dn.pt/Inicio/interior.aspx?content_id=615671 |date=29 April 2011 }}, [[Diário de Notícias]] (8 July 2005)</ref><ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Tom%C3%A1s-Taveira-Geoffrey-Broadbent/dp/185490034X Tomás Taveira], Geoffrey Broadbent (introduction), Publisher: St Martins Pr (February 1991)</ref><ref>{{pt icon}} [http://www.arquitectura.pt/forum/f11/sao-paulo-est-dio-do-palmeiras-no-brasil-tom-s-taveira-10811/ Tomás Tveira desenha estádio do Palmeiras no Brasil] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429073524/http://www.arquitectura.pt/forum/f11/sao-paulo-est-dio-do-palmeiras-no-brasil-tom-s-taveira-10811/ |date=29 April 2011 }}, Diarioeconomico.com</ref>

 

 

[[Cinema of Portugal|Portuguese cinema]] has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century.

[[António Lopes Ribeiro]], [[António Reis]], [[Pedro Costa]], [[Manoel de Oliveira]], [[João César Monteiro]], [[Edgar Pêra]], [[António-Pedro Vasconcelos]], [[Fernando Lopes (filmmaker)|Fernando Lopes]], [[João Botelho]] and [[Leonel Vieira]], are among those that gained notability. Noted Portuguese film actors include [[Joaquim de Almeida]], [[Nuno Lopes]], [[Daniela Ruah]], [[Maria de Medeiros]], [[Diogo Infante]], [[Soraia Chaves]], [[Ribeirinho]], [[Lúcia Moniz]], and [[Diogo Morgado]].

 

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Adventurer and poet [[Luís de Camões]] (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem ''[[Os Lusíadas]]'' (''The Lusiads''), with [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]'' as his main influence.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11198/ |title = The Lusiads |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1800–1882 |accessdate = 31 August 2013 }}</ref> Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by [[Fernando Pessoa]] (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as [[Almeida Garrett]], [[Camilo Castelo Branco]], [[José Maria de Eça de Queirós|Eça de Queirós]], [[Fernando Pessoa]], [[Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen]], [[António Lobo Antunes]] and [[Miguel Torga]]. Particularly popular and distinguished is [[José Saramago]], recipient of the 1998 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].

 

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{{Main|Portuguese cuisine|Portuguese wine}}

Portuguese wines have enjoyed international recognition since the times of the Romans, who associated Portugal with their god [[Dionysus|Bacchus]]. Today, the country is known by wine lovers and its wines have won several international prizes. Some of the best Portuguese wines are [[Vinho Verde]], [[Vinho Alvarinho]], [[Vinho do Douro]], [[Vinho do Alentejo]], [[Vinho do Dão]], [[Vinho da Bairrada]] and the sweet [[Port Wine]], [[Madeira Wine]], and the [[Moscatel]] from [[Setúbal]] and [[Favaios]]. Port and Madeira are particularly appreciated in a wide range of places around the world.

 

[[File:Jose malhoa fado.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Fado]], depicted in this famous painting (c. 1910) by [[José Malhoa]], is Portugal's traditional music.]]

[[Music of Portugal|Portuguese music]] encompasses a wide variety of genres. The traditional one is the Portuguese folk music which has deep roots in local costumes having as instruments bagpipes, drums, flutes, tambourines, accordions and small guitars (''cavaquinho''). Apart Portuguese folk music other renowned genre is [[Fado]], a melancholic urban music originated in [[Lisbon]] in the 19th century, probably inside bohemian environments, usually associated with the [[Portuguese guitar]] and ''saudade'', or longing. [[Coimbra fado]], a unique type of "[[troubadour]] serenading" fado, is also noteworthy. Internationally notable performers include [[Amália Rodrigues]], [[Carlos Paredes]], [[José Afonso]], [[Mariza]], [[Carlos do Carmo]], [[António Chainho]], [[Mísia]], and [[Madredeus]].

Portugal has several summer music festivals, such as ''[[Festival Sudoeste]]'' in [[Zambujeira do Mar]], ''[[Festival de Paredes de Coura]]'' in [[Paredes de Coura]], ''[[Festival Vilar de Mouros]]'' near [[Caminha]], [[Boom Festival]] in [[Idanha-a-Nova Municipality]], ''[[NOS Alive]]'', ''Sumol Summer Fest'' in [[Ericeira]], ''[[Rock in Rio#Lisboa, Portugal, and Madrid, Spain|Rock in Rio Lisboa]]'' and ''[[Super Bock Super Rock]]'' in [[Greater Lisbon]]. Out of the summer season, Portugal has a large number of festivals, designed more to an urban audience, like Flowfest or Hip Hop Porto. Furthermore, one of the largest international [[Goa trance]] festivals takes place in central Portugal every two years, the Boom Festival, that is also the only festival in Portugal to win international awards: European Festival Award 2010 – Green'n'Clean Festival of the Year and the Greener Festival Award Outstanding 2008 and 2010. There is also the student festivals of ''[[Queima das Fitas]]'' are major events in a number of cities across Portugal. In 2005, Portugal held the [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], in [[Pavilhão Atlântico]], [[Lisbon]]. Furthermore, Portugal won the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2017]] in [[Kiev]] with the song "[[Amar pelos dois]]" presented by [[Salvador Sobral]], and subsequently hosted the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2018|2018 contest]] at the [[Altice Arena]] in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/story/portugal-salvador-sobral-winner-eurovision-2017|title=PORTUGAL WINS THE 2017 EUROVISION SONG CONTEST!|website=Eurovision.tv|accessdate=2 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2018-dates-and-host-city-confirmed|title=Lisbon revealed as Host City of the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest!|publisher=}}</ref>

 

[[File:A Adoração dos Magos (1828) - Domingos Sequeira.png|thumb|229x229px|[[Domingos Sequeira]] was one of the most prolific [[neoclassicism|neoclassical]] painters. (''Adoration of the Magi''; 1828).|left]]

Portugal has a [[List of Portuguese artists|rich history in painting]]. The first well-known painters date back to the 15th century&nbsp;– like [[Nuno Gonçalves]]&nbsp;– were part of the late Gothic painting period. During the renaissance Portuguese painting was highly influenced by north European painting. In the Barroque period Joana d'Obidos and Vieira Lusitano were the most prolific painters.

[[José Malhoa]], known for his work ''Fado'', and [[Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro]] (who painted the portraits of [[Teófilo Braga]] and [[Antero de Quental]]) were both references in [[Naturalist school of painting|naturalist painting]].

Prominent international figures in visual arts nowadays include painters [[Vieira da Silva]], [[Júlio Pomar]], Helena Almeida, [[Joana Vasconcelos]], [[Julião Sarmento]] and [[Paula Rego]].

 

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{{Main|Sport in Portugal}}