నైజర్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 183:
====ఏడవ రిపబ్లికు 2010–ప్రస్తుతం====
అధ్యక్ష ఎన్నికలలో మహమదు ఇష్యుఫౌ ఏడవ రిపబ్లిక్కు మొట్టమొదటి అధ్యక్షుడిగా ఎన్నికయ్యారు.
==Geography, climate, and ecology==
{{Main|Geography of Niger}}
[[File:Ng-map.png|thumb|upright=1.15|A map of Niger]]
{{MapLibrary|Niger sat.png|Niger}}
Niger is a [[landlocked]] nation in West Africa located along the border between the [[Sahara]] and [[Sub-Saharan Africa|Sub-Saharan]] regions. It borders [[Nigeria]] and [[Benin]] to the south, [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Mali]] to the west, [[Algeria]] and [[Libya]] to the north and [[Chad]] to the east.
Niger lies between latitudes [[11th parallel north|11°]] and [[24th parallel north|24°N]], and longitudes [[prime meridian|0°]] and [[16th meridian east|16°E]]. Niger's area is {{convert|1267000|km2|sqmi|0}} of which {{convert|300|km2|sqmi|0}} is water. This makes it slightly less than twice the size of [[France]], and the world's twenty-second largest country.
Niger borders seven countries and has a total perimeter of {{convert|5697|km|mi|0}}. The longest border is with [[Nigeria]] to the south ({{convert|1497|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}). This is followed by [[Chad]] to the east, at {{convert|1175|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}, [[Algeria]] to the north-northwest ({{convert|956|km|mi|0|abbr=on|disp=or}}), and [[Mali]] at {{convert|821|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. Niger also has small borders in its far southwest with [[Burkina Faso]] at {{convert|628|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and [[Benin]] at {{convert|266|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and to the north-northeast [[Libya]] at {{convert|354|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}.
The lowest point is the [[Niger River]], with an elevation of {{convert|200|m|ft|0}}. The highest point is [[Mont Idoukal-n-Taghès]] in the [[Aïr Mountains]] at {{convert|2022|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.
===Climate===
[[File:Niger map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|Niger map of Köppen climate classification.]]
Niger's [[subtropical]] climate is mainly very hot and very dry, with much [[desert]] area. In the extreme south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the Niger River basin. The terrain is predominantly desert plains and [[sand dune]]s, with flat to rolling savanna in the south and hills in the north.
=== Environment ===
{{Further|Wildlife of Niger}}
[[File:Elephant dust bath park w niger.jpg|thumb|An elephant in the [[W National Park]].]]
The north of Niger is covered by large deserts and semi deserts. The typical mammal fauna consists of [[Addax]] antelopes, [[Scimitar-horned oryx]], gazelles and in mountains Barbary sheep. One of the largest reserves of the world, the [[Aïr and Ténéré National Nature Reserve]], was founded in the northern parts of the Niger to protect these rare species.
The southern parts of Niger are naturally dominated savannahs. The [[W National Park]], situated in the bordering area to [[Burkina Faso]] and [[Benin]], belongs to one of the most important areas for wildlife in Western Africa, which is called the WAP (W–[[Arli National Park|Arli]]–[[Pendjari National Park|Pendjari]]) Complex. It has the most important population of the rare [[West African lion]] and one of the last populations of the [[Northwest African cheetah]].
Other wildlife includes elephants, buffaloes, [[roan antelopes]], [[Kob|kob antelopes]] and warthogs. The [[West African giraffe]] is currently not found in the W National Park, but further north in Niger, where it has its last relict population.
Environmental issues in Niger include destructive farming practices as a result of population pressure. Illegal hunting, bush fires in some areas and human encroachment upon the flood plains of the Niger River for paddy cultivation are environmental issues. Dams constructed on the Niger River in the neighboring countries of Mali and Guinea and also within Niger itself are also cited as a reason for a reduction of water flow in the Niger River—which has a direct effect upon the environment. A lack of adequate staff to guard wildlife in the parks and reserves is another factor cited for loss of wildlife.<ref name="Geels2006" />
== వెలుపలి లింకులు ==
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