గాంబియా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 237:
సెరరు మతం వంటి స్థానిక మతవిశ్వాసాలు ఎంత వరకు ఉన్నాయన్నది అస్పష్టంగా ఉంది. సెరరు మతం విశ్వోద్భవం, రోగు అని పిలువబడే సుప్రీం దేవత విశ్వాసాన్ని కలిగి ఉంటుంది. ఈ మతస్థులు అనుసరిస్తున్న పండుగలలో కొన్ని క్సాయ్, బొసెయి, రండౌ ప్రాధాన్యత వహిస్తూ ఉన్నాయి. ప్రతి సంవత్సరం సెరెరు మతానికి అనుగుణంగా సెయిగలు సెయిగెషను వేడుక కోసం సెనెగలులో వార్షిక పుణ్యక్షేత్రం యాత్ర జరుగుతుంది.<ref>Kalis, Simone (1997). ''Medecine Traditionnele Religion et Divination Chez Les Seereer Siin Du Senegal''. L'Harmattan. {{ISBN|2-7384-5196-9}}</ref> సెరగాంబియన్ ముస్లిం పండుగల కంటే సెరరు మతంలో అధికమైన పండుగలు ఉన్నాయి. సెరెర్ మతం నుండి సెరెగాంబియను ముస్లిం మతం ( "టొబాస్కి", "గామో", "కొరైతే" మరియు "వరి కోర్" వంటివి పండుగలను అరువు తెచ్చుకుందని భావిస్తున్నారు. అవి ప్రాచీన సెరెర్ పండుగలుగా ఉన్నాయి.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Diouf, Niokhobaye|year=1972|title=Chronique du royaume du Sine, suivie de Notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin (1972)|journal=Bulletin de l'IFAN|volume= 34B|issue= 4|pages= 706–7, 713–14}}</ref>
సెరర్లు వలె, జోలా ప్రజలకు వారి స్వంత మతపరమైన ఆచారాలు కూడా ఉన్నాయి. జోలాస్ ప్రధాన మతపరమైన కార్యక్రమాల్లో బౌకవుటు ఒకటి.
దక్షిణ ఆసియా నుండి వలస వచ్చిన కొద్దిమంది హిందువులు, బహాయి విశ్వాసం అనుచరులు కూడా ఉన్నారు.<ref name="irfr07"/> దక్షిణ ఆసియా వలసదారులు ముస్లింలు అత్యధిక సంఖ్యలో ఉన్నారు.
<ref name="irfr07"/>
==Culture==
{{refimprove section|date=April 2017}}
[[File:1014067-Serrekunda_arena_for_wrestling-The_Gambia.jpg|thumb|Drummers at a wrestling match]]
Although the Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, its culture is the product of very diverse influences. The national borders outline a narrow strip on either side of the River Gambia, a body of water that has played a vital part in the nation's destiny and is known locally simply as "the River". Without natural barriers, the Gambia has become home to most of the ethnic groups that are present throughout western Africa, especially those in Senegal.
Europeans also figure prominently in Gambian history because the River Gambia is navigable deep into the continent, a geographic feature that made this area one of the most profitable sites for the slave trade from the 15th through the 17th centuries. (It also made it strategic to the halt of this trade once it was outlawed in the 19th century.) Some of this history was popularised in the [[Alex Haley]] book and TV series ''[[Roots: The Saga of an American Family|Roots]]'' which was set in the Gambia.
===Music===
{{Further|Music of the Gambia}}
The music of the Gambia is closely linked musically with [[Music of Senegal|that of its neighbour, Senegal]], which surrounds its inland frontiers completely. It fuses popular Western music and dance, with ''[[sabar]]'', the traditional drumming and dance music of the [[Wolof people|Wolof]] and [[Serer people]].
===Cuisine===
{{Main|Gambian cuisine}}
The cuisine of the Gambia includes peanuts, rice, fish, meat, onions, tomatoes, cassava, chili peppers and oysters from the River Gambia that are harvested by women. In particular, [[Yassa (food)|yassa]] and [[domoda]] curries<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gambia.co.uk/blog/traditional-gambian-food-and-drink|title=Traditional food and drink in The Gambia|website=www.gambia.co.uk|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> are popular with locals and tourists.
===Media===
Critics have accused the government of restricting free speech. A law passed in 2002 created a commission with the power to issue licenses and imprison journalists; in 2004, additional legislation allowed prison sentences for libel and slander and cancelled all print and broadcasting licenses, forcing media groups to re-register at five times the original cost.<ref name=BBCCountryProfile>
{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1032156.stm#media
|title=Country profile: The Gambia
|publisher=[[BBC News website]]
|accessdate=16 October 2008}}
</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url = http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=199422&area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__africa/
|title = President tightens media laws in The Gambia
|date = 11 May 2005
|publisher = [[Mail & Guardian]]
|accessdate = 16 October 2008
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080219055811/http://www.mg.co.za/articlePage.aspx?articleid=199422&area=%2Fbreaking_news%2Fbreaking_news__africa%2F
|archive-date = 19 February 2008
|dead-url = yes
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref>
Three Gambian journalists have been arrested since the coup attempt. It has been suggested that they were imprisoned for criticising the government's economic policy, or for stating that a former interior minister and security chief was among the plotters.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17063
|title=Banjul newspaper reporter freed on bail pending trial
|date=13 June 2006
|publisher=[[Reporters without borders]]
|accessdate=16 October 2008
|deadurl=bot: unknown
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513112031/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17063
|archivedate=13 May 2006
|df=
}}
</ref> Newspaper editor [[Deyda Hydara]] was shot to death under unexplained circumstances, days after the 2004 legislation took effect.
Licensing fees are high for newspapers and radio stations, and the only nationwide stations are tightly controlled by the government.<ref name="BBCCountryProfile"/>
[[Reporters Without Borders]] has accused "President Yahya Jammeh's police state" of using murder, arson, unlawful arrest and death threats against journalists.<ref>
{{cite news
|url=http://archives.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=13576
|title=Gambia – Annual report 2005
|date=December 2004
|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]
|accessdate=16 October 2008}}
</ref>
In December 2010 Musa Saidykhan, former editor of ''The Independent'' newspaper, was awarded US$200,000 by the ECOWAS Court in Abuja, Nigeria. The court found the Government of the Gambia guilty of torture while he was detained without trial at the National Intelligence Agency. Apparently he was suspected of knowing about the 2006 failed coup.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
===Sports===
As in neighbouring Senegal, the national and most popular sport in Gambia is [[Senegalese wrestling|wrestling]].<ref>[http://amazinggambia.weebly.com/sport.html Sport – Gambia!], weebly.com, accessed 3 April 2016.</ref> Association football and basketball are also popular. Football in the Gambia is administered by the [[Gambia Football Federation]], who are affiliated to both [[FIFA]] and [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]]. The GFA runs league football in the Gambia, including top division [[GFA League First Division]], as well as the [[Gambia national football team]]. Nicknamed "The Scorpions", the national side have never qualified for either the [[FIFA World Cup]] or the [[Africa Cup of Nations]] finals at senior levels. They play at [[Independence Stadium (Bakau)|Independence Stadium]]. The Gambia won two CAF U-17 championships one in 2005 when the country hosted, and 2009 in Algeria automatically qualifying for FIFA U-17 World Cup in Peru (2005) and Nigeria (2009) respectively. The U-20 also qualified for FIFA U-20 2007 in Canada. The female U-17 also competed in FIFA U-17 World Cup 2012 in Azerbaijan.
== బయటి లింకులు ==
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