కోటె డి ఐవొరి: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 427:
ఆ సందర్భంలో బాల కార్మిక నిర్మూలనకు సవాలు తీవ్రతరంగా మారింది. కోకో సంఘాల పెట్టుబడులను అధికరింపజేయడానికి చాక్లెటు కంపెనీల నూతన ఒప్పందము చాలదని భావించారు. " మేము కేవలం 10% అవసరమైన పనిని చేస్తున్నాము. ఇతర 90% పొందడం సులభం కాదు. ఇది చాలా భారీ వ్యవహారం " అని కామెరూనులో కోకో తోటలు పెంచి కోకో ఉత్పత్తి చేస్తున్న దేశాల కూటమి మాజీ సెక్రెటరీ జనరలు అయిన సొనా ఎబాయి అన్నాడు: "ఇది ఒక భారీ సమస్య. 'బాల కార్మికులు పరిశ్రమల సమస్యలను పరిష్కరించడానికి మాత్రమే కాదు. ప్రభుత్వ, పౌర సమాజం, ప్రైవేటు రంగం బాధ్యత వహించవలసిన అవసరం ఉంది. అక్కడ నిజంగా మీ నాయకత్వం అవసరం.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/big-chocolate-child-labor/|website=[[Fortune Magazine|Fortune]]|date=1 March 2016|title=|accessdate=7 January 2019 |quote=For a decade and a half, the big chocolate makers have promised to end child labor in their industry—and have spent tens of millions of dollars in the effort. But as of the latest estimate, 2.1 million West African children still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa. What will it take to fix the problem? }}</ref>
== Society ==
===Demographics===
{{Main|Demographics of Ivory Coast}}
[[File:Abidjan2.jpg|upright=2.75|thumb|Abidjan is the Ivory Coast's largest city and its economic capital.]]
[[File:Adjamemarche2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|right|Congestion at a market in Abidjan]]
The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998,<ref>{{citation |title=Premiers résultats définitifs du RGPH-98 (Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitation de 1998)|publisher=Institut National de la Statistique, Bureau Technique Permanent du Recensement|location=Abidjan|year=2002|language=fr}}</ref> and was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009,<ref name="CIA"/> and 23,919,000 in July 2014.<ref name="Republic of Côte d'Ivoire National Statistical Institute">{{cite web |url=http://www.ins.ci/n/ |title=Republic of Côte d'Ivoire National Statistical Institute|website=ins.ci|date=1 October 2014}}</ref> Ivory Coast's first national census in 1975 counted 6.7 million inhabitants.<ref>[http://countrystudies.us/ivory-coast/19.htm Ivory Coast – Population], ''U.S. Library of Congress''.</ref>
According to 2012 government survey, the [[fertility rate]] was 5.0 children born per woman, with 3.7 in urban areas and 6.3 in rural areas.<ref>[http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/PR21/pr21.pdf Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples]. Côte d’Ivoire 2011–2012. Ministère de la Santé et de la Lutte contre le Sida, Institut National de la Statistique. July 2012</ref>
=== Languages ===
{{Further|Languages of Ivory Coast}}
French, the official language, is taught in schools and serves as a [[lingua franca]] in the country. An estimated 70 languages are spoken in Ivory Coast. One of the most common is [[Dyula language|Dyula]], which acts as a trade language, as well as a language commonly spoken by the Muslim population.
=== Employment ===
Around 7.5 million people of Ivory Coast made up the work force in 2009. The work force took a hit, especially in the private sector, during the early 2000s due to the numerous economic crises since 1999. Furthermore, these crises caused companies to close and move locations, especially in Ivory Coast's tourism industry, transit and banking companies. Job markets decreasing posed as a huge issue in Ivory Coast society as unemployment rates grew. Unemployment rates raised to 9.4% in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://cotedivoire.opendataforafrica.org/blizore/unemployment-rate?Region=Cote%20D%20Ivoire|title=Ivory Coast Unemployment Rate {{!}} 1998–2017 {{!}} Data {{!}} Chart {{!}} Calendar|last=|first=|date=|website=www.tradingeconomics.com|access-date=2017-02-17}}</ref>
Solutions proposed to decrease [[unemployment]] included diversifying jobs in small trade. This division of work encouraged farmers and the [[Agriculture|agricultural sector]]. Self-employment policy, established by the Ivorian government, allowed for very strong growth in the field with an increase of 142% in seven years from 1995.<ref>([[Côte d'Ivoire#Eco|La Côte d'Ivoire en chiffres, 2007]], <abbr>p.</abbr> 176–180)</ref> Despite efforts like this to decrease unemployment, it still remains as a social problem.
=== Ethnic groups ===
Ethnic groups include [[Akan people|Akan]] (42.1%), Voltaiques or [[Gur languages|Gur]] (17.6%), [[Mandé peoples|Northern Mandés]] (16.5%), [[Kru people|Krous]] (11%), [[Mandé peoples|Southern Mandés]] (10%), and others (2.8%, including 30,000 Lebanese and 45,000 French; 2004). About 77% of the population is considered Ivorian.
Since Ivory Coast has established itself as one of the most successful West African nations, about 20% of the population (about 3.4 million) consists of workers from neighbouring Liberia, Burkina Faso, and Guinea.
About 4% of the population is of non-African ancestry. Many are French,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/ivory-coast/41.htm |title=Ivory Coast – The Economy |publisher=Countrystudies.us |accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref> Lebanese,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/ivory-coast/72.htm |title=Ivory Coast – The Levantine Community |publisher=Countrystudies.us |accessdate=20 June 2010}}</ref> Vietnamese and Spanish citizens, as well as Protestant missionaries from the United States and Canada. In November 2004, around 10,000 French and other foreign nationals evacuated Ivory Coast due to [[2004 French–Ivorian clashes|attacks]] from pro-government youth militias.<ref>"[http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/1986.cfm Rwanda Syndrome on the Ivory Coast]"</ref> Aside from French nationals, native-born descendants of French settlers who arrived during the country's colonial period are present.
===Largest cities===
{{Largest cities of Côte d'Ivoire}}
=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Religion in Ivory Coast (2014 census)<ref name="census2017">{{cite book|title=Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat 2017|publisher=Cote d'Ivoire Census|page=36|url=http://www.ins.ci/n/documents/RGPH2014_expo_dg.pdf}}</ref><ref>this statistic includes both citizens and people who are not citizens of the Ivory Coast (census 2017, p. 36)</ref>|label1=[[Muslim]]|value1=46.9|color1=Green|label2=[[Christians|Christian]]|value2=33.9|color2=Blue|label3=[[Animist]]|value3=3.6|color3=Orange|label4=[[Irreligion|Non-religious]]|value4=16.1|color4=Purple}}{{Further|Religion in Ivory Coast}}
[[File:Notre dame de la paix yamoussoukro by felix krohn.jpg|thumbnail|300px|[[Basilica of Our Lady of Peace (Yamoussoukro)|Basilica of our Lady of Peace]] in [[Yamoussoukro]]; one of the largest [[Christianity|Christian]] places of worship in the world.]]
[[File:IslamcultCI.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Central [[mosque]] in [[Marcory]].]]
The Ivory Coast is a religiously diverse country, in which adherents of [[Islam]] (mostly [[Sunni]]) represented 42.9% of the total population in 2014, while followers of [[Christianity]] (mostly [[Catholic]] and [[Evangelical]]) represented 33.9% of the population. In addition 19.1% of Ivorians claimed to be [[irreligious]], and 3.6% reported following [[traditional African religion]]s.<ref name="ciaFB">{{cite web|title=Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/iv.html|website=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|publisher=United States Government|accessdate=6 May 2017|language=en}}</ref> In 2009, according to [[United States Department of State|U.S. Department of State]] estimates, Christians and Muslims each made up 35 to 40% of the population, while an estimated 25% of the population practised traditional ([[animist]]) religions.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2009/127228.htm Cote d'Ivoire]. State.gov. Retrieved on 17 August 2012.</ref>
Ivory Coast's capital, Yamoussoukro, is home to the largest church building{{efn|It is actually a basilica, but is listed in the ''Guinness World Records'' as the largest "church" in the world.|name=BOLPY}} in the world, the [[Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro]].
Judaism is not a major religion in the Ivory Coast, but Jews can still be found scattered throughout the country{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}. The Jewish people had a larger presence in the late 20th century before a mass Jewish immigration in which Jews from the Ivory Coast and all over the world left their native countries for Israel. Despite this, the Jewish population is beginning to re-emerge in the Ivory Coast.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
===Health===
{{Main|Health in Ivory Coast}}
[[Life expectancy]] at birth was 41 for males in 2004; for females it was 47.<ref name="afro.who.int">{{cite web|url=http://www.afro.who.int/en/countries.html|title=WHO Country Offices in the WHO African Region|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 June 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617075754/http://www.afro.who.int/en/countries.html|archivedate=17 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Infant mortality]] was 118 of 1000 live births.<ref name="afro.who.int"/> Twelve physicians are available per 100,000 people.<ref name="afro.who.int"/> About a quarter of the population lives below the international poverty line of US$1.25 a day.<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf ''Human Development Indices''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219191319/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf |date=19 December 2008 }}, Table 3: Human and income poverty, p. 35. Retrieved on 1 June 2009.</ref> About 36% of women have undergone [[female genital mutilation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/|title=Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices|publisher=World Health Organization}}</ref> According to 2010 estimates, Ivory Coast has the 27th-highest [[maternal mortality]] rate in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2223rank.html| website= The World Factbook | title= Country Comparison :: Maternal Mortality Rate | publisher= CIA.gov | accessdate= 12 February 2015}}</ref> The [[HIV/AIDS]] rate was 19th-highest in the world, estimated in 2012 at 3.20% among adults aged 15–49 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html|website= The World Factbook | title= Country Comparison :: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate | publisher= CIA.gov | accessdate= 12 February 2015}}</ref>
===Education===
[[File:Université Abidjan 1.JPG|thumb|The [[university campus]] of the [[Université de Cocody]]]]
{{Main|Education in Ivory Coast}}
A large part of the adult population, in particular women, is [[illiterate]]. Many children between 6 and 10 years are not enrolled in school.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/pop_cou_384.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094511/http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/pop_cou_384.pdf |archivedate=11 May 2011 |title=Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Côte d'Ivoire|website=EarthTrends|year=2003 |format=PDF |accessdate=6 December 2010}}</ref> The majority of students in secondary education are male. At the end of secondary education, students can sit the'' baccalauréat'' examination.
The country has a number of universities, such as the [[Université de Cocody]] in Abidjan and the [[Université de Bouaké]] in Bouaké. In 2012, there were 57,541 students enrolled at post-secondary diploma level, 23,008 students studying for a bachelor's or master's degree and 269 PhD students. Enrolment in tertiary education suffered during the political crisis, dropping from 9.03% to 4.46% of the 18-25-year cohort between 2009 and 2012.<ref name="UNESCO science report">{{Cite book|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf|title=West Africa. In: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030|last=Essegbey|first=George|last2=Diaby|first2=Nouhou|last3=Konté|first3=Almamy|publisher=UNESCO|year=2015|isbn=978-92-3-100129-1|location=Paris|pages=498–533}}</ref>
== బయటి లింకులు ==
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