ఘనా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 532:
ఘనాలో నేరవిచారణను " ఘనా పోలీసు సర్వీసు " నిర్వహిస్తుంది. 2011 లో ఘనాలో " హత్యానేరాల నిష్పత్తి " 1,00,000:1.68.
<ref name=UNODCnew>{{Cite web|url=https://dataunodc.un.org/crime/intentional-homicide-victims|title=Intentional homicide victims {{!}} Statistics and Data|website=dataunodc.un.org|access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref>
==Universal health care and health care provision==
{{Main|National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana)|l1=NHIS|Health in Ghana}}
{{Further|Eye care in Ghana|Optometry in Ghana}}
Ghana has a [[universal health care]] system strictly designated for [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian nationals]], National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nhis.gov.gh/|title=National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)|publisher=nhis.gov.gh|accessdate=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516205524/http://nhis.gov.gh/|archive-date=16 May 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Health care is very variable throughout Ghana and in 2012, over 12 million Ghanaian nationals were covered by the [[National Health Insurance Scheme (Ghana)]] (NHIS).<ref name="Ghana: National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)">{{cite web |url=http://jointlearningnetwork.org/content/national-health-insurance-scheme-nhis |title=Ghana: National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) |publisher=jointlearningnetwork.org |accessdate=10 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512213346/http://jointlearningnetwork.org/content/national-health-insurance-scheme-nhis |archive-date=12 May 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Urban centres are well served, and contain most of the hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies in Ghana. There are over 200 hospitals in Ghana and Ghana is a destination for [[medical tourism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eturbonews.com/10800/medical-tourism-emerging-market-ghana|title=Medical tourism is emerging market for Ghana|publisher=eturbonews.com|date=5 August 2009|accessdate=10 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224254/http://www.eturbonews.com/10800/medical-tourism-emerging-market-ghana|archivedate=12 May 2014}}</ref> In 2010, there were 0.1 physicians per 1,000 people and {{as of|2011|lc=y}}, 0.9 hospital beds per 1,000 people.<ref name="databank.worldbank.org"/>
In 2017, [[life expectancy]] at birth had increased to an average of 67 years with males at 64.5 years and females at 69.6 years,<ref name="Field Listing: Life expectancy at birth">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html Field Listing :: Life expectancy at birth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528191952/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2102.html |date=28 May 2014 }}. Retrieved 24 June 2013.</ref> and in 2013 [[infant mortality]] decreased to 39 per 1,000 live births.<ref name="Listing: Infant mortality rate">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2091.html Field Listing :: Infant mortality rate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119041333/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2091.html |date=19 November 2012 }}.cia.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2013.</ref> There was an estimation of 15 physicians and 93 nurses per 100,000 persons in 2010.<ref name="afro.who.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/ghana.pdf |title=Afro.who.int |publisher=Afro.who.int |accessdate=4 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111084659/http://www.afro.who.int/home/countries/fact_sheets/ghana.pdf |archivedate=11 January 2010 }}</ref> 5.2% of Ghana's GDP was spent on health in 2010,<ref name="Field Listing: Health expenditures">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2225.html Field Listing :: Health expenditures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326095442/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2225.html |date=26 March 2014 }}. Retrieved 24 June 2013.</ref> and all [[Ghanaian people|Ghanaian]] [[Citizenship|citizens]] have the right to access [[primary health care]].<ref name="Bill Gates Ghana">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejournal.ie/bill-gates-africa-visit-847307-Mar2013/|title=These are the countries where I'm the least known" – Bill Gates visits Ghana|publisher=thejournal.ie|accessdate=10 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306142836/http://www.thejournal.ie/bill-gates-africa-visit-847307-Mar2013/|archive-date=6 March 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{{As of|2012}}, the [[HIV/AIDS]] prevalence was estimated at 1.40% among adults aged 15–49.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html|title=Library publications|access-date=13 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221190412/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html|archive-date=21 December 2014|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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== వెలుపలి లింకులు ==
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