హోమో ఎరెక్టస్: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

ట్యాగు: విశేషణాలున్న పాఠ్యం
పంక్తి 43:
 
[[File:Ficha del homo georgicus. Museo Arqueológico Nacional de España.jpg|thumb|left| Poster of homo georgicus. [[National Archaeological Museum of Spain]].]]
 
Most of the spectacular discoveries of ''H. erectus'' next took place at the [[Zhoukoudian|Zhoukoudian Project]], now known as the ''[[Peking Man]]'' site, in Zhoukoudian, [[China]]. This site was first discovered by [[Johan Gunnar Andersson]] in 1921<!----------><ref name="doorKnock1">{{cite news | title = The First Knock at the Door| url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = In the summer of 1921, Dr. J.G. Andersson and his companions discovered this richly fossiliferous deposit through the local quarry men's guide. During examination he was surprised to notice some fragments of white quartz in tabus, a mineral normally foreign in that locality. The significance of this occurrence immediately suggested itself to him and turning to his companions, he exclaimed dramatically "Here is primitive man, now all we have to do is find him!"}}</ref> <!--------->and was first excavated in 1921, and produced two human teeth.<!----------><ref name="doorKnock2">{{cite news | title = The First Knock at the Door| url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = For some weeks in this summer and a longer period in 1923 Dr. Otto Zdansky carried on excavations of this cave site. He accumulated an extensive collection of fossil material, including two Homo erectus teeth that were recognized in 1926. So, the cave home of Peking Man was opened to the world.}}</ref>
హెచ్. ఎరెక్టసు అద్భుతమైన ఆవిష్కరణలు చాలావరకు చైనాలోని జౌకౌడియను లోని పీకింగు మ్యాను ప్రాంతం అని పిలువబడే జౌకౌడియను ప్రాజెక్టు జరిగాయి. ఈ ప్రాంతాన్ని మొట్టమొదట 1921 లో జోహను గున్నారు అండర్సను కనుగొన్నాడు.<ref name="doorKnock1">{{cite news | title = The First Knock at the Door| url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = In the summer of 1921, Dr. J.G. Andersson and his companions discovered this richly fossiliferous deposit through the local quarry men's guide. During examination he was surprised to notice some fragments of white quartz in tabus, a mineral normally foreign in that locality. The significance of this occurrence immediately suggested itself to him and turning to his companions, he exclaimed dramatically "Here is primitive man, now all we have to do is find him!"}}</ref> 1921 లో ఇక్కడ తవ్వకాలు సాగించి రెండు మానవ దంతాలను కనుగొన్నారు.<ref name="doorKnock2">{{cite news | title = The First Knock at the Door| url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = For some weeks in this summer and a longer period in 1923 Dr. Otto Zdansky carried on excavations of this cave site. He accumulated an extensive collection of fossil material, including two Homo erectus teeth that were recognized in 1926. So, the cave home of Peking Man was opened to the world.}}</ref> దిగువ మోలారు ప్రాంతంలో డేవిడ్సను బ్లాక్ ప్రారంభ వివరణ (1921) (దీనికి ఆయన సినాంట్రోపసు పెకినెన్సిసు అని పేరు పెట్టారు)లో సరికొత్త జాతికి శిలాజాలు లభించాయి.<ref>from ''sino-'', a combining form of the Greek Σίνα "China", and the Latinate ''pekinensis'', "of Peking"</ref> ఇది విస్తృతంగా ప్రచారం చేయబడి ఆసక్తిని ప్రేరేపించింది. విస్తృతమైన త్రవ్వకాల తరువాత 40 మందికి పైగా వ్యక్తుల నుండి 200 మానవ శిలాజాలను మొత్తం ఐదు పూర్తి స్థాయి పుర్రెలను కనుగొన్నారు.<ref name="historyMus5">{{cite news | title = Review of the History | url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = During 1927–1937, abundant human and animal fossils as well as artefact were found at Peking Man Site, it made the site to be the most productive one of the Homo erectus sites of the same age all over the world. Other localities in the vicinity were also excavated almost at the same time.}}</ref>పాలియోంటోలాజికా సినికా (సిరీస్ డి) పత్రికలో ప్రచురించబడిన అనేక మోనోగ్రాఫ్లలో ఫ్రాంజు వీడెన్‌రిచు ఈ విషయం సంబంధిత వివరణాత్మక వర్ణనను అందించాడు.
[[Davidson Black]]'s initial description (1921) of a lower molar as belonging to a previously unknown species (which he named ''[[Sinanthropus pekinensis]]'')<!--------><ref>from ''sino-'', a combining form of the Greek Σίνα "China", and the Latinate ''pekinensis'', "of Peking"</ref> <!---->prompted widely publicized interest. Extensive excavations followed, which altogether uncovered 200 human fossils from more than 40 individuals including five nearly complete [[Calvaria (skull)|skullcaps]].<!-----------><ref name="historyMus5">{{cite news | title = Review of the History | url = | format = | work = | publisher = Peking Man Site Museum | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = During 1927–1937, abundant human and animal fossils as well as artefact were found at Peking Man Site, it made the site to be the most productive one of the Homo erectus sites of the same age all over the world. Other localities in the vicinity were also excavated almost at the same time.}}</ref>
[[Franz Weidenreich]] provided much of the detailed description of this material in several monographs published in the journal ''Palaeontologica Sinica'' (Series D).
 
Nearly all of the original specimens were lost during [[World War II]] during an attempt to smuggle them out of China for safekeeping; however, authentic casts were made by Weidenreich, which exist at the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[New York City]] and at the [[Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology]] in [[Beijing]], and are considered to be reliable evidence.
 
Similarities between ''Java Man'' and ''[[Peking Man]]'' led [[Ernst Mayr]] to rename both ''Homo erectus'' in 1950.
 
 
 
 
Throughout much of the 20th century, anthropologists debated the role of ''H. erectus'' in [[human evolution]]. Early in the century, due in part to the discoveries at Java and Zhoukoudian, the belief that modern humans first evolved in Asia was widely accepted.
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