సింధూ నది: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 25:
===ఋగ్వేదంలో సింధు నది ప్రస్తావన===
ఋగ్వేదం చాలా పౌరాణిక నదుల గురించి ప్రస్తావించింది. అందులో సింధు నది ఒకటి. అందులో ప్రస్తావించిన ఆ నదే ప్రస్తుతపు ఈ సింధు నది అని నమ్మకం. ఋగ్వేదంలో సింధూ నది ప్రస్తావన దాదాపు 176సార్లు వచ్చింది. బహువచనంలో 95సార్లు సాధారణ అర్ధాలలో ఉపయోగింపబడింది. ఋగ్వేదంలో తరువాతి శ్లోకాల్లో అచ్చంగా నది పేరునే ఎన్నోసార్లు వాడారు. నదిస్తుతి సూక్తంలో కూడా సింధు నదిని పేర్కొనబడింది. ఋగ్వేద శ్లోకాల్లో సహజంగా అన్ని నదులనూ స్త్రీ రూపాలుగా వర్ణిస్తే, ఒక్క సింధు నదిని మాత్రం పురుష రూపంగా వర్ణించబడి ఉంది. ఋగ్వేదం ప్రకారం సింధు నది అంటే యోధుడు, ప్రపంచంలోని అన్ని నదుల కంటే గొప్పది అని అర్ధం.
==Description==
[[File:Babur crossing the Indus in the heat of battle.jpg|thumb|right|[[Babur]] crossing the Indus River.]]
The Indus River provides key water resources for [[economy of Pakistan|Pakistan's economy]] – especially the ''breadbasket'' of [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab province]], which accounts for most of the nation's agricultural production, and Sindh. The word Punjab means "land of five rivers" and the five rivers are [[Jhelum River|Jhelum]], [[Chenab River|Chenab]], [[Ravi River|Ravi]], [[Beas River|Beas]] and [[Sutlej River|Sutlej]], all of which finally flow into the Indus. The Indus also supports many heavy industries and provides the main supply of [[potable water]] in Pakistan.
The ultimate source of the Indus is in [[Tibet]]; the river begins at the confluence of the [[Sengge Zangbo]] and [[Gar Tsangpo]] rivers that drain the Nganglong Kangri and Gangdise Shan (Gang Rinpoche, Mt. Kailash) mountain ranges. The Indus then flows northwest through [[Ladakh]], [[India]], and [[Baltistan]] into [[Gilgit]], just south of the [[Karakoram]] range. The [[Shyok River|Shyok]], [[Shigar]] and [[Gilgit River|Gilgit]] rivers carry glacial waters into the main river. It gradually bends to the south and descends into the [[Punjab plains]] at [[Kalabagh]], [[Pakistan]]. The Indus passes gigantic gorges {{convert|4500|-|5200|m|ft|sigfig=2|abbr=off}} deep near the [[Nanga Parbat]] [[massif]]. It flows swiftly across [[Hazara, Pakistan|Hazara]] and is dammed at the [[Tarbela Dam|Tarbela Reservoir]]. The [[Kabul River]] joins it near [[Attock]]. The remainder of its route to the sea is in the plains of the Punjab<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Indus |volume=14 |pages=507–508 |first=Thomas Hungerford |last=Holdich}}</ref> and Sindh, where the flow of the river becomes slow and highly braided. It is joined by the [[Panjnad River|Panjnad]] at [[Mithankot]]. Beyond this confluence, the river, at one time, was named the ''Satnad River'' (''sat'' = "seven", ''nadī'' = "river"), as the river now carried the waters of the [[Kabul River]], the Indus River and the five Punjab rivers. Passing by [[Jamshoro]], it ends in a large delta to the South of [[Thatta]] in the [[Sindh]] province of Pakistan
The Indus is one of the few rivers in the world to exhibit a [[tidal bore]]. The Indus system is largely fed by the snows and glaciers of the [[Himalayas]], Karakoram and the [[Hindu Kush]] ranges of Tibet, the Indian states of [[Jammu and Kashmir]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]] region of Pakistan. The flow of the river is also determined by the seasons – it diminishes greatly in the winter, while flooding its banks in the [[monsoon]] months from July to September. There is also evidence of a steady shift in the course of the river since prehistoric times – it deviated westwards from flowing into the [[Rann of Kutch]] and adjoining [[Banni grasslands]] after the 1816 [[earthquake]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/70-of-cattle-breeders-desert-Banni/articleshow/904446.cms 70% of cattle-breeders desert Banni]; by Narandas Thacker, TNN, 14 February 2002; ''The Times of India''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/564/564_c_bharwada_&_v_mahajan.htm|title=564 Charul Bharwada & Vinay Mahajan, Lost and forgotten: grasslands and pastoralists of Gujarat}}</ref> Presently, Indus water flows in to the [[Rann of Kutch]] during its floods breaching [[flood bank]]s.<ref name=kan>{{cite web|url= http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/indus-river-re-enters-india/1/158976.html|title=Indus re-enters India after two centuries, feeds Little Rann, Nal Sarovar|accessdate=22 December 2017}}</ref>
The traditional source of the river is the ''Senge Khabab'' or "Lion's Mouth", a perennial spring, not far from the sacred [[Mount Kailash]] marked by a long low line of Tibetan [[chortens]]. There are several other tributaries nearby, which may possibly form a longer stream than Senge Khabab, but unlike the Senge Khabab, are all dependent on [[snowmelt]]. The [[Zanskar River]], which flows into the Indus in Ladakh, has a greater volume of water than the Indus itself before that point.<ref name="Albinia 2008, p. 307">Albinia (2008), p. 307.</ref>
==బయటి లంకెలు==
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