మహాభారతం: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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ట్యాగు: విశేషణాలున్న పాఠ్యం |
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పంక్తి 18:
===Accretion and redaction===
<ref>Sukthankar (1933) "Prolegomena" p. lxxxvi. Emphasis is original.</ref> ఆ వ్రాతప్రతుల సాక్ష్యం కొంతవరకు ఆలస్యం అయ్యింది. దాని భౌతిక కూర్పు, భారతదేశ వాతావరణం ఆధారంగా కానీ అది చాలా విస్తృతమైనది.
The Mahābhārata itself (1.1.61) distinguishes a core portion of 24,000 verses: the ''Bhārata'' proper, as opposed to additional secondary material, while the ''[[Grhya Sutras|Aśvalāyana Gṛhyasūtra]]'' (3.4.4) makes a similar distinction. At least three redactions of the text are commonly recognized: ''Jaya'' (Victory) with 8,800 verses attributed to [[Vyasa|Vyāsa]], ''Bhārata'' with 24,000 verses as recited by [[Vaisampayana|Vaiśampāyana]], and finally the Mahābhārata as recited by [[Ugrasrava Sauti|Ugraśrava Sauti]] with over 100,000 verses.<ref>Gupta & Ramachandran (1976), citing ''Mahabharata'', Critical Edition, I, 56, 33</ref><ref>SP Gupta and KS Ramachandran (1976), p.3-4, citing Vaidya (1967), p.11</ref> However, some scholars, such as John Brockington, argue that ''Jaya'' and ''Bharata'' refer to the same text, and ascribe the theory of ''Jaya'' with 8,800 verses to a misreading of a verse in Ā''diparvan'' (1.1.81).<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HR-_LK5kl18C&pg=PA21 |title= The Sanskrit epics, Part 2| volume = Volume 12|first= J. L. |last= Brockington|page = 21|publisher = BRILL| year=1998|isbn=978-90-04-10260-6}}</ref>
The [[redaction]] of this large body of text was carried out after formal principles, emphasizing the numbers 18<ref>18 books, 18 chapters of the ''Bhagavadgita'' and the Narayaniya each, corresponding to the 18 days of the battle and the 18 armies (Mbh. 5.152.23)</ref> and 12. The addition of the latest parts may be dated by the absence of the ''Anuśāsana-parva'' and the ''Virāta parva'' from the "[[The Spitzer manuscript|Spitzer manuscript]]".<ref>The Spitzer Manuscript (Beitrage zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens), Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2004. It is one of the oldest Sanskrit manuscripts found on the [[Silk Road]] and part of the estate of Dr. Moritz Spitzer.</ref> The oldest surviving Sanskrit text dates to the Kushan Period (200 CE).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schlingloff|first=Dieter|date=1969|title=The Oldest Extant Parvan-List of the Mahābhārata|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=89|issue=2|pages=334–338|doi=10.2307/596517|jstor=596517}}</ref>
According to what one character says at Mbh. 1.1.50, there were three versions of the epic, beginning with ''Manu'' (1.1.27), ''Astika'' (1.3, sub-parva 5) or ''Vasu'' (1.57), respectively. These versions would correspond to the addition of one and then another 'frame' settings of dialogues. The ''Vasu'' version would omit the frame settings and begin with the account of the birth of Vyasa. The ''astika'' version would add the ''sarpasattra'' and ''aśvamedha'' material from Brahmanical literature, introduce the name ''Mahābhārata'', and identify Vyāsa as the work's author. The redactors of these additions were probably [[Pañcaratra|Pāñcarātrin]] scholars who according to Oberlies (1998) likely retained control over the text until its final redaction. Mention of the [[Huna (people)|Huna]] in the ''Bhīṣma-parva'' however appears to imply that this parva may have been edited around the 4th century{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}}.
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