|
Timeline and cultural period
|
Westcoast
|
Northwestern Sub-continent (West Punjab-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
|
Indo-Gangetic Plain
|
Central India Deccan Plateau
|
Southern India
|
Western Gangetic Plain (Kurukshetra)
|
Northern India (Central Gangetic Plain)
|
Northeastern India (Bengal)
|
South Asian Stone Age (until c. 3300 BCE)
|
South Asian Stone Age (until c. 1100 BCE)
|
Culture
|
Paleolithicum (until c. 10,000 BCE)
|
Before 10,000 BCE
|
|
Bhimbetka rock shelters (30,000-15,000 BCE)
|
|
|
|
Sanghao Caves
|
|
Culture
|
Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-7,000 BCE)
|
|
Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE)
|
c. 10,000-7,000 BCE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
Neolithicum (c. 7000-3300 BCE)
|
|
Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3000 BCE)
|
c. 7,000-3,300 BCE
|
|
Mehrgarh
|
|
|
|
|
|
BRONZE AGE (c. 3300-1100 BCE)
|
|
NEOLITHIC (c. 3000-1400 BCE)
|
Culture
|
|
Early Harappan
|
|
|
|
3300-2600 BCE
|
|
Early Harappan
|
|
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
|
Integration Era
|
|
|
|
2600-1900 BCE
|
Indus Valley Civilization
|
Indus Valley Civilization
|
Indus Valley Civilization
|
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
|
Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H
|
|
|
|
1900-1500 BCE
|
|
|
|
Earliest known rice cultivation[a]
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
|
Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H Early Vedic period Gandhara grave culture
|
|
|
Megalithic (c. 1400-1100 BCE)
|
1500-1300 BCE
|
|
Indo-Aryan migration
|
|
|
|
|
|
1300-1100 BCE
|
|
Wandering Vedic Aryans
|
|
|
|
|
|
IRON AGE (c. 1100-300 BCE)
|
Culture
|
|
Middle Vedic Period
|
|
|
|
Gandhara grave culture
|
Black and red ware culture
|
|
1100-800 BCE
|
|
Vedic settlements Gandhara
|
Vedic settlements Kuru
|
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
|
Late Vedic Period
|
|
|
|
Gandhara grave culture
|
(Brahmin ideology)[b] early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture
|
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)[c] Northern Black Polished Ware
|
800-600 BCE
|
|
Gandhara
|
Kuru-Pancala
|
Kosala-Videha
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
|
Late Vedic Period Mahajanapada
|
|
|
|
Gandhara grave culture
|
(Brahmin ideology)[d] early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture
|
(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture)[e] Northern Black Polished Ware
|
6th century BCE
|
|
Gandhara
|
Kuru-Panchala
|
Kosala Magadha Anga
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
Culture
|
|
Persian-Greek influences
|
"Second Urbanisation"
|
|
|
Later Upanishads
|
Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga Later Upanishads
|
|
5th century BCE
|
|
(Persian rule)
|
|
Shishunaga dynasty
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
4th century BCE
|
|
(Greek conquests)
|
|
Nanda empire
Kalinga
|
|
|
HISTORICAL AGE (after 300 BCE)
|
Culture
|
Spread of Buddhism
|
Pre-history
|
Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE)
|
3rd century BCE
|
Maurya Empire
|
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras
|
Culture
|
Preclassical Hinduism[f] - "Hindu Synthesis"[g] (c. 200 BCE-300 CE)[h][i] Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism
|
Sangam period (continued) (300 BCE – 200 CE)
|
2nd century BCE
|
|
Indo-Greek Kingdom
|
|
Sunga Empire
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras
|
1st century BCE
|
|
|
Yona
|
Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
|
|
1st century CE
|
|
Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians
|
|
Kuninda Kingdom
|
|
2nd century
|
|
|
Pahlava
|
|
Varman dynasty
|
3rd century
|
|
|
Kushan Empire
|
Western Satraps
|
Kamarupa kingdom
|
Kalabhras dynasty
|
Culture
|
"Golden Age of Hinduism"(c. 320-650 CE)[j] Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
|
4th century
|
Gupta Empire
|
Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty
|
5th century
|
Vishnukundina
|
6th century
|
Maitraka
|
|
|
|
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
|
Culture
|
Late-Classical Hinduism (c. 650-1100 CE)[k] Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India
|
7th century
|
Maitraka
|
Indo-Sassanids
|
Vakataka dynasty, Harsha
|
Mlechchha dynasty
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Pallava
|
8th century
|
|
Kidarite Kingdom
|
|
|
Kalachuri
|
9th century
|
|
Indo-Hephthalites (Huna)
|
Gurjara-Pratihara
|
|
Chalukya
|
10th century
|
|
|
|
|
Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty
|
Rashtrakuta
|
Culture
|
Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (c. 1100-1850 CE)[l] - Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE)[m]
|
11th century
|
Western Chalukyas
|
(Islamic conquests) Kabul Shahi (Islamic Empire)
|
Rajputs
|
Pala Empire Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty
|
Sena dynasty
|
Adivasi (tribes)
|
Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire
|
12th century
|
Western Chalukyas
|
|
Rajputs
|
Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty
|
Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire
|
13th century
|
|
Delhi Sultanate
|
Chola Empire
|
14th century
|
|
|
Delhi Sultanate
|
|
|
Vijayanagara Empire
|
15th century
|
|
|
Delhi Sultanate
|
|
16th century
|
Mughal Empire
|
|
17th century
|
Mughal Empire
|
|
Maratha Empire
|
Culture
|
Maratha Empire and British Colonisation - Company rule in India'
|
18th century
|
Maratha Empire
|
|
Maratha Empire
|
|
British
|
Maratha Empire/British
|
Culture
|
British Colonisation - British Raj
|
19th century
|
|
Sikh Empire
|
|
|
|
|
|
Culture
|
British Raj - Independence struggle - Pakistan - India - Bangladesh'
|
20th century
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21st century
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References and sources for table
References
- ↑ Samuel (2010) p.49
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Samuel
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.39
- ↑ Hiltebeitel (2002)
- ↑ Micheals (2004) p.40
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.41
- ↑ Michaels (2004) p.43
- ↑ Flood (1996) p.21-22
Sources
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
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