మదన్ మోహన్ మాలవ్యా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

Although he wanted to pursue an M.A. in Sanskrit, his family conditions did not allow it and his father wanted him to take his family profession of Bhagavat recital, thus in July 1884 Madan Mohan Malviya started his career as an assistant master at the Govt High School in Allahabad<ref name="indiapost"/>

 

As was the tradition in those days, he was married in 1878, when he was about sixteen years of age to Kundan Devi of [[Mirzapur]]. The couple had five sons and five daughters, out of which four sons, Ramakant, Radhakant, Mukund, Govind and two daughters Rama and Malati survived.He was very much connected to malwa region & had done great social work in Indore also. He was the founder member of "Shrigod Vidya mandir" in Indore. His youngest son Govind Malaviya (1902–1961) was a freedom Fighter and Member of India's Parliament till his death in 1961. He was also the Vice-Chancellor of the Banaras Hindu University.

 

In December 1886, Malaviya attended the 2nd [[Indian National Congress]] session in [[Calcutta]] under chairmanship of [[Dadabhai Naoroji]], where he spoke on the issue of representation in Councils. His address not only impressed Dadabhai but also Raja Rampal Singh, ruler of Kalakankar estate near [[Allahabad]], who started a Hindi weekly ''Hindustan'' but was looking for a suitable editor to turn it into a daily. Thus in July 1887, he left his school job and joined as the editor of the nationalist weekly, he remained here for two and a half years, and left for Allahabad to join [[L.L.B.]], it was here that he was offered co-editorship of ''The Indian Union'', an English daily. After finishing his law degree, he started practising law at Allahabad District Court in 1891, and moved to [[Allahabad High Court]] by December 1893<ref name=ou>{{cite book |title=Our Leaders (Volume 9 of Remembering Our Leaders): Madan Mohan Malaviya|last= |first= |year=1989 |publisher=[[Children's Book Trust]] |isbn=81-7011-842-5|pages=53–73 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2NoVNSyopVcC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya+Scouting&source=bl&ots=4oVY8PFiXf&sig=bzIWnjpIp9KGyErYK9A3C6A_x4I&hl=en&ei=AntIS9WNIYqTkAWe6oD4Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAcQ6AEwADgo#v=onepage&q=&f=false |ref= }}</ref><ref>[http://www.msnspecials.in/independenceday/indian_warriors1.asp A brief summary of Indian Warriors]</ref> Malviya became the President of the Indian National Congress in 1909 and 1918. He was a moderate leader and opposed the separate electorates for Muslims under the [[Lucknow Pact]] of 1916. The "Mahamana" title was conferred to him by Mahatma Gandhi.

 

In protest against the [[Communal Award]] which sought to provide separate electorates for minorities, Malaviya along with [[Madhav Shrihari Aney]] left the Congress and started the '''[[Congress Nationalist Party]]''' . The party contested the [[Indian general election, 1934|1934 elections]] to the central legislature and won 12 seats.<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/schwartzberg/fullscreen.html?object=110 Schwartzberg Atlas]</ref>

 

Malviya started his journalistic career as the Editor of the Hindi daily '‘Hindosthan’' in 1887. Raja Rampal Singh of Kalakankar (Pratapgadh District) impressed by the speech and the personality of Malaviyaji, during the 2nd Congress Session in Calcutta held in 1886. requested Malviya to take up this position.<ref name="maha">http://www.mahamana.org/biography-.html</ref>

 

In 1933, Malaviya started ''Sanatana Dharma'' from BHU, a magazine dedicated to religious, dharmic interests.<ref name="maha"/>

 

In 1891, Malaviya completed his LL.B. from Allahabad Law College and started practice in Allahabad District Court and then from 1893 practised at the High Court. He gave up his legal practice in 1913 on his 50th birthday so that he can serve the nation

About his legal career, Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru mention of him - ''a brilliant Civil Lawyer'' and Sir Mirza Ismail said - ''I have heard a great lawyer say that if Mr.Malaviya had so willed it, he would have been an ornament to the legal profession''.<ref>http://www.bhu.ac.in/mahamana.htm</ref>

 

In April 1911, [[Annie Besant]] met Malaviya and they decided to work for a common Hindu University at Varanasi. Besant and fellow trustees of the [[Central Hindu College]], which she has founded in 1898 also agreed to Government of India's precondition that the college should become a part of the new University. Thus [[Banaras Hindu University]] (BHU) was established in 1916, through under the Parliamentary legislation, 'B.H.U. Act 1915', today it remains a prominent institution of learning in India.<ref name=bc/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/sep102005/899.pdf | title = BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY | publisher = [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] | date = 26 July 2005 | accessdate = 2007-04-19 | format = [[PDF]]}}</ref> In 1939, he left the Vice chancellorship of BHU and was succeeded by [[S. Radhakrishnan]], who later became the [[President of India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Radhakrishnan: his life and ideas |last=Murty |first=K. Satchidananda |authorlink= |author2=Ashok Vohra |year= 1990|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=0-7914-0343-2 |page=90 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=x6FsaptULgAC&pg=PA90&dq=Madan+Mohan+Malaviya&lr=&cd=20#v=onepage&q=Madan%20Mohan%20Malaviya&f=false |ref= }}</ref>

 

Malaviya played an important part in the removal of untouchability and in giving direction to the [[Harijan]] movement. The Harijan Sevak Sangh was founded at a meeting in 1933 at which Pandit Malviya presided.<ref name="indiapost"/>

 

Because of his social works in Dalit areas, [[Gaud|Sri Gaud Brahmins]] had expelled him initially but after understanding their mistakes the elite people has taken back Malviyaji's in Shi Gaud Brahmin samaj.{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}}

 

Though, [[The Bharat Scouts and Guides|Scouting in India]] was officially founded in [[British Raj|British India]] in 1909, at the Bishop Cotton's Boys School in [[Bangalore]], Scouting for native Indians was started by Justice [[Vivian Bose]], Malaviya, [[Hridayanath Kunzru]], [[Girija Shankar Bajpai]], [[Annie Besant]] and [[George Arundale]], in 1913, he also started a Scouting inspired organisation called '''''Seva Samithi'''''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Honouring the oath: The beginning|url= http://www.hindu.com/yw/2007/08/17/stories/2007081750750800.htm|publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=17 August 2007 }}</ref>

 

 

[[File:BHU Entrance.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Statue of Madan Mohan Malviya at the entrance of [[Banaras Hindu University]]]]