గయానా: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు
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పంక్తి 213:
; Major trading partners: Canada, US, UK, Portugal, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, China, Cuba, Singapore, Japan , Brazil, Suriname (2009)
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==Demographics==
{{main article|Demographics of Guyana|Guyanese people}}
[[File:Guyana population density.png|thumb|left|Guyana's population density in 2005 (people per km<sup>2</sup>)]]
[[File:Population Guyana.PNG|left|thumb|A graph showing the population of Guyana from 1961 to 2003. The population decline in the 1980s can be clearly seen.]]
The chief majority (about 90%) of Guyana's 0.74 million population lives along a narrow coastal strip in which ranges from a width of {{convert|10|to|40|mi|disp=flip}} inland and which makes up approximately only 10% of the nation's total land area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geographia.com/guyana/geninfo.html |title=Guyana General Information|publisher=Geographia.com|accessdate=2 May 2010}}</ref>
The present population of Guyana is racially and ethnically heterogeneous, with ethnic groups originating from [[India]], [[Africa]], [[Europe]], and [[China]], as well as indigenous or aboriginal peoples. Despite their diverse ethnic backgrounds, these groups share two common languages: English and Creole.
The largest ethnic group is the [[Indo-Guyanese]] (also known as [[Indo-Caribbeans|East Indians]]), the descendants of indentured servants from India, who make up 43.5% of the population, according to the 2002 census. They are followed by the [[Afro-Guyanese]], the descendants of slaves from Africa, who constitute 30.2%. Guyanese of mixed heritage make up 16.7%, while the indigenous peoples (known locally as [[Amerindians]]) make up 9.1%. The indigenous groups include the Arawaks, the [[Wai-wai people|Wai Wai]], the Caribs, the [[Akawaio people|Akawaio]], the [[Arecuna]], the [[Patamona]], the [[Wapixana]], the [[Macushi]] and the [[Warao people|Warao]].<ref name="cia"/> The two largest groups, the Indo-Guyanese and Afro-Guyanese, have experienced some racial tension.<ref>"[http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/09/050920_guyana_race.shtml Guyana turns attention to racism]". BBC News. 20 September 2005.</ref><ref>"[http://www.guyana.org/features/conflicts_indiansandblacks.html Conflict between Guyanese-Indians and Blacks in Trinidad and Guyana Socially, Economically and Politically]". Gabrielle Hookumchand, Professor Moses Seenarine. 18 May 2000.</ref><ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/265657/20111212/guyana-politics-election-blacks-indians-ramotar-ppp.htm International Business Times: "Guyana: A Study in Polarized Racial Politics"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715075007/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/265657/20111212/guyana-politics-election-blacks-indians-ramotar-ppp.htm |date=15 July 2012 }} 12 December 2011</ref>
The majority of Indo-Guyanese are descended from indentured servants who came from [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]-speaking areas of [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=RCF6NnEv9oAC&pg=PA30 |title=Music of Hindu Trinidad |author=Helen Myers |isbn=9780226554532 |year=1999}}</ref> A sizable minority are [[South India]]n, largely of [[Tamil people|Tamil]] and [[Telugu people|Telugu]] descent.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/diasporapdf/chapter17.pdf |title=Indian Diaspora }}</ref>
The distribution pattern in the 2002 census was similar to those of the 1980 and 1991 censuses, but the share of the two main groups has declined. Indo-Guyanese made up 51.9% of the total population in 1980, but by 1991 this had fallen to 48.6%, and then to 43.5% in the 2002 census. Those of African descent increased slightly from 30.8% to 32.3% during the first period (1980 and 1991) before falling to 30.2% in the 2002 census. With small growth in the overall population, the decline in the shares of the two larger groups has resulted in the relative increase of shares of the multiracial and Amerindian groups. The Amerindian population rose by 22,097 people between 1991 and 2002. This represents an increase of 47.3% or annual growth of 3.5%. Similarly, the multiracial population increased by 37,788 persons, representing a 43.0% increase or annual growth rate of 3.2% from the base period of 1991 census. The number of [[Portuguese Guyanese|Portuguese]] (4.3% of the population in 1891) has been declining constantly over the decades.<ref>"[http://www.guyana.org/special/portuguese.html Portuguese emigration from Madeira to British Guiana]"</ref>
===Largest cities===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Largest cities and towns of Guyana<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.geonames.org/GY/largest-cities-in-guyana.html|title=Biggest Cities Guyana|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
! Rank !! [[List of cities and towns in Guyana|Name]] !! [[Regions of Guyana|Region]] !! Population
|-
| '''1''' || [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] || [[Demerara-Mahaica]] || 235,017
|-
| '''2''' || [[Linden, Guyana|Linden]] || [[Upper Demerara-Berbice]] || 44,690
|-
| '''3''' || [[New Amsterdam, Guyana|New Amsterdam]] || [[East Berbice-Corentyne]] || 35,039
|-
| '''4''' || [[Anna Regina]] || [[Pomeroon-Supenaam]] || 12,448
|-
| '''5''' || [[Bartica]] || [[Cuyuni-Mazaruni]] || 11,157
|-
| '''6''' || [[Skeldon, Guyana|Skeldon]] || [[East Berbice-Corentyne]] || 5,859
|-
| '''7''' || [[Rosignol]] || [[Mahaica-Berbice]] || 5,782
|-
| '''8''' || [[Mahaica]] (village) || [[Demerara-Mahaica]] || 4,867
|-
| '''9''' || [[Parika]] || [[Essequibo Islands-West Demerara]] || 4,081
|-
| '''10''' || [[Vreed en Hoop]] || [[Demerara-Mahaica]] || 3,073
|}
===Language===
{{main article|Languages of Guyana}}
English is the official language of Guyana and is used for education, government, media, and services. The vast majority of the population speaks Guyanese Creole, an English-based creole with slight African and East Indian influence, as their native tongue.<ref>Damoiseau, Robert (2003) ''Eléments de grammaire comparée français-créole guyanais'' Ibis rouge, Guyana, {{ISBN|2-84450-192-3}}</ref> In addition, [[Cariban languages]] ([[Akawaio language|Akawaio]], Wai-Wai, and Macushi) are spoken by a small minority, while [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indic languages]] are retained for cultural and religious reasons.
===Religion===
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Guyana, 2002<ref name="CENSUS2002">[http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/CensusReport2002.pdf Final 2002 Census Compendium 2]</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1='''Religion'''
|right1='''Percent'''
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Guyana#Christianity|Christianity]]|red|57.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Guyana|Hinduism]]|orange|28.4}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Guyana|Islam]]|green|7.2}}
{{bar percent|Other religions|yellow|1.9}}
{{bar percent|[[Irreligion in Guyana|Unaffiliated]]|grey|2.3}}
}}
{{main article|Religion in Guyana}}
According to a 2002 nationwide census on religious affiliation, 57.4% of the population was [[Christianity in Guyana#Christianity|Christian]], 28.4% was [[Hinduism in Guyana|Hindu]], 7.2% was [[Islam in Guyana|Muslim]], 1.9% adhered to other religions, while 2.3% of the population did not profess any.<ref name="CENSUS2002"/>
Among Christians, most are Protestants (34.8%) or other Christian (20.8%), but there is also a minority of Roman Catholics (7.1%). Among Hindu, Vaishnavism is the major tradition. Among Muslims, Sunni are in the majority, while there are also Shia and Ahmadiyya minorities. Among other religions, the Rastafari movement, Buddhism, and the Baha'i Faith are the most popular.
== మూలాలు ==
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