ఈజిప్టు: కూర్పుల మధ్య తేడాలు

==Names==<!--linked-->

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"{{Transl|ar|Miṣr}}" ({{IPA-ar|mesˤɾ}}; "{{lang|ar|مِصر}}") is the [[Classical Arabic|Classical Quranic Arabic]] and modern official name of Egypt, while "{{transl|arz|Maṣr}}" ({{IPA-arz|mɑsˤɾ}}; {{lang|arz|مَصر}}) is the local pronunciation in [[Egyptian Arabic]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=Il-Malti |last=Z. |first=T. |date=1928 |volume=2 |issue=1 |language=Maltese |publisher=Il-Ghaqda tal-Kittieba tal-Malti |title=Il-Belt (Valletta) |edition=2 |url=http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20004(1928)2/01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417234107/http://melitensiawth.com/incoming/Index/Il-Malti/Il-Malti.%20004%281928%292/01.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2016 |page=35 |url-status=dead |df= }}</ref> The name is of [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] origin, directly [[cognate]] with other Semitic words for Egypt such as the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] "{{Hebrew|מִצְרַיִם}}" ("{{Transl|he|[[Mizraim|Mitzráyim]]}}"). The oldest attestation of this name for Egypt is the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] "mi-iṣ-ru" ("miṣru")<ref>The ending of the Hebrew form is either a [[Dual (grammatical number)|dual]] or an ending identical to the dual in form (perhaps a [[locative]]), and this has sometimes been taken as referring to the two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt. However, the application of the (possibly) "dual" ending to some toponyms and other words, a development peculiar to Hebrew, does not in fact imply any "two-ness" about the place. The ending is found, for example, in the Hebrew words for such single entities as "water" ("מַיִם"), "noon" ("צָהֳרַיִם"), "sky/heaven" ("שָׁמַיִם"), and in the ''[[Qere and Ketiv|qere]]'' – but not the original "ketiv" – of "Jerusalem" ("ירושל[י]ם"). It should also be noted that the dual ending – which may or may not be what the ''-áyim'' in "Mitzráyim" actually represents – was available to other Semitic languages, such as Arabic, but was not applied to Egypt. See ''inter alia'' Aaron Demsky ("Hebrew Names in the Dual Form and the Toponym Yerushalayim" in Demsky (ed.) ''These Are the Names: Studies in Jewish Onomastics'', Vol. 3 (Ramat Gan, 2002), pp. 11–20), Avi Hurvitz (''A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innovations in the Writings of the Second Temple Period'' (Brill, 2014), [https://books.google.com/books?id=p1AMBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 p. 128]) and Nadav Na’aman ("Shaaraim – The Gateway to the Kingdom of Judah" in ''The Journal of Hebrew Scriptures'', Vol. 8 (2008), article [http://www.jhsonline.org/Articles/article_101.pdf no. 24] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017233422/http://www.jhsonline.org/Articles/article_101.pdf |date=17 October 2014 }}, pp. 2–3).</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = On the So-Called Ventive Morpheme in the Akkadian Texts of Amurru|url = https://www.academia.edu/371050/On_the_So-Called_Ventive_Morpheme_in_the_Akkadian_Texts_of_Amurru|website = www.academia.edu|accessdate = 18 November 2015|page = 84|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160118112500/http://www.academia.edu/371050/On_the_So-Called_Ventive_Morpheme_in_the_Akkadian_Texts_of_Amurru|archive-date = 18 January 2016|url-status=live|df = dmy-all}}</ref> related to ''miṣru/miṣirru/miṣaru'', meaning "border" or "frontier".<ref name="akkadian">{{cite book|title = A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-qIuVCsRb98C&pg=PA212|publisher = Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|year= 2000|isbn = 978-3-447-04264-2|first = Jeremy A.|last = Black|first2 = Andrew|last2 = George|first3 = J.N.|last3 = Postgate}}</ref>